• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.73-86
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• 2019

Seafaring is an important occupation that requires stringent hand hygiene practices as a basic method for preventing food-borne illness and infectious diseases when the diseases occur on board. The purpose of this study is to provide fundamental data for the prevention of food-borne illness and infectious disease on the ship by investigating the level of hand hygiene practices and influencing factors. A total of 222 seafarers were surveyed at a seafarers' educational institution between July and August 2017. Their hand hygiene practice were examined by a modified method using the guidelines which are recommended by the World Health Organization, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Hand Hygiene Australia. The mean of hand hygiene practice was 47.97 out of 75 points. By category, the most frequent hand hygiene practice was measured as 4.04 on a 5-point scale as 'after working'. Factors affecting hand hygiene practices were ship tonnage relating to in job characteristics, exercise in health-related characteristics, and soap in relation to the characteristics of the hand hygiene environment on board. To improve hand hygiene among seafarers, it is necessary to raise awareness of hand hygiene among seafarers who work on small ships in particular, and to improve the systems of hand hygiene on ships with continuous education, hygiene practice evaluation and feedback.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.69-81
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of prosody of ambiguous sentences in patients with right hemisphere damage(RHD). Methods: Sentences with each word prosodically focused were used to investigate. Several acoustic parameters such as intensity, F0, and duration were measured to identify characteristics of prosody in patients with lesions in the right hemisphere and normal controls. All speech samples were recorded using the Praat 4.3.14 software. Data were analyzed with the independent sample t-test using SPSS 18.0. Results: The results of this study are as follows: First, intensity of the first syllable of the focus word was different between the two groups in several sentences. Second, F0 was different between the two groups in all sentences. Third, duration was different between the groups in several sentences. Accordingly, prosody were varied and values of acoustic parameters differed due to the focus of utterance. The group with right hemisphere damage showed restricted prosody. Conclusions: Intensity, duration, and F0 are all used as elements of prosody in emphasizing structural and pragmatic meaning, but according to the focus, strength and duration were related to F0. In contrast, F0 has a significant linguistic difference, but there was a significant difference between the RHD and normal people, so F0 can be a discriminatory factor of rhyme evaluation of the right hemisphere damaged and it is necessary to accumulate more strong evidence through future research.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.148-165
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• 2015

Iron was one of the most influential factors for formation and development of ancient countries. The diffusion of ironware had increased agricultural productivity and brought about military technical revolution. Needless to say, the rise and fall of the countries depended on the possession of stable iron production. Raw materials and fuels are the key factors for mass production of iron and a transportation route is essential to supply the goods. Jungwon area satisfies the three factors. There are many iron manufacture sites such as Jincheon Seokjang-ri Gusan-ri, and Chunju Chilgeum-dong Tangeumdae earthen ramparts in the Jungwon area. In order to study the ancient iron manufacture technique, reconstitution experiment was carried out using restored furnace which was made based on the Jincheon Seokjang-ri B-23 furnace. Some notable results were identified with the experiment as in the followings. Firstly, a roasting process has a connection with the decrease of hardness of the iron ore. Secondly, melting of the blast pipe as well as the formation of product within the furnace had a crucial effect on the cessation of the experiment. Thirdly, reduced iron in various locations within the furnace prove that there was enough reducing environment during the working. Not only melting point but also properties of iron can vary depending on the carbon contents. For the reason, formation of approximate environment in which iron can react to the chalcoal is the most important factor in terms of iron manufacture.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.36-46
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• 2021

With an increasing trend toward high-rise modular construction, the simultaneous use of tower cranes at a modular construction site has recently been observed. Tower crane layout planning (TCLP) has a significant effect on cost, duration, safety and productivity of a project. In a modular construction project, particularly, poor decision about the layout of tower cranes is likely to have negative effects like additional employment of cranes and redesign, which will lead to additional costs and possible delays. It is, therefore, crucial to conduct thorough inspection of field conditions, lifting materials, tower crane capacity to make decisions on the layout of tower cranes. However, several challenges exist in planning for a multi-crane construction site in terms of safety and collaboration, which makes planning with experience and intuition complicated. This paper suggests a multi-objective optimization model for selection of the number of tower cranes, their models and locations, which minimizes cost and conflict. The proposed model contributes to the body of knowledge by showing the feasibility of using multi-objective optimization for TCLP decision-making process with consideration of trade-offs between cost and conflict.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.185-214
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• 2012

After the introduction of the three welfare regimes by Esping-Andersen, discussion on 'other' types of welfare regimes was facilitated and the scholarly focus on East Asian economic development gradually shifted to the East Asian welfare states discussion from the late 1990s. Literature on East Asian welfare states increased our understanding on the characteristics of not only the East Asian welfare state as a whole but also of each country in the region. However, compared the attention given to developing variables and empirical studies on the East Asian welfare state, less attention has been given to the concept of East Asian welfare states. Recognizing the limitation in developing comparable variables without a concept analysis of the East Asian welfare states, this study highlights the importance of conceptualization and concept analysis in comparative social policy studies. This paper first discusses on the concepts, conceptualization and on the use of set theory in comparative social policy research. Next, the study argues the validity of 'functional equivalence' in the East Asian welfare state studies and critically reviews the existing literature. Lastly, this paper suggests how the concept of functional equivalence can be successfully employed for the East Asian welfare states studies with a concept analysis and by applying a set theory including the fuzzy set theory.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.104-112
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• 2021

In this study, emotional analysis was conducted based on the basic attribute data of music and the emotional model in psychology, and the result was applied to the visualization rules in the formative arts. In the existing studies using musical parameter, there were many cases with more practical purposes to classify, search, and recommend music for people. In this study, the focus was on enabling sound data to be used as a material for creating artworks and used for aesthetic expression. In order to study the music visualization as an art form, a method that can include human emotions should be designed, which is the characteristics of the arts itself. Therefore, a well-structured basic classification of musical attributes and a classification system on emotions were provided. Also, through the shape, color, and animation of the visual elements, the visualization of the musical elements was performed by reflecting the subdivided input parameters based on emotions. This study can be used as basic data for artists who explore a field of music visualization, and the analysis method and work results for matching emotion-based music components and visualizations will be the basis for automated visualization by artificial intelligence in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.161-171
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• 2021

This paper presents the findings of a comparative study on minimum weight design and sensitivity evaluation using different experimental design methods for the structural design of an active-type deck support frame (DSF) developed for the float-over installation of an of shore plant topside. The thickness sizing variables of the structural members of a passive-type DSF were considered the design factors, and the output responses were defined using the weight and strength performances. The design of the experimental methods applied in the comparative study of the minimum weight design and the sensitivity evaluation were the orthogonal array design, Box- Behnken design, and Latin hypercube design. A response surface method was generated for each design of the experiment to evaluate the approximation performance of the design space exploration according to the experimental design, and the accuracy characteristics of the approximation were reviewed. Regarding the minimum weight design, the design results, such as numerical costs and weight minimization, of the experimental design for the best design case, were evaluated. The Box- Behnken design method showed the optimum design results for the structural design of the passive-type DSF.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.6_1
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• pp.1277-1290
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• 2020

Water resources which is formed of surface and groundwater, are considered as one of the pivotal natural resources worldwide. Since last century, the rapid population growth as well as accelerated industrialization and explosive urbanization lead to boost demand for groundwater for domestic, industrial and agricultural use. In fact, better management of groundwater can play crucial role in sustainable development; therefore, determining accurate location of groundwater based groundwater potential mapping is indispensable. In recent years, integration of machine learning techniques, Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) are popular and effective methods employed for groundwater potential mapping. For determining the status of the integrated approach, a systematic review of 94 directly relevant papers were carried out over the six previous years (2015-2020). According to the literature review, the number of studies published annually increased rapidly over time. The total study area spanned 15 countries, and 85.1% of studies focused on Iran, India, China, South Korea, and Iraq. 20 variables were found to be frequently involved in groundwater potential investigations, of which 9 factors are almost always present namely slope, lithology (geology), land use/land cover (LU/LC), drainage/river density, altitude (elevation), topographic wetness index (TWI), distance from river, rainfall, and aspect. The data integration was carried random forest, support vector machine and boost regression tree among the machine learning techniques. Our study shows that for optimal results, groundwater mapping must be used as a tool to complement field work, rather than a low-cost substitute. Consequently, more study should be conducted to enhance the generalization and precision of groundwater potential map.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.6_1
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• pp.1435-1447
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• 2020

The seasonal variations in weather parameters can significantly affect the atmospheric transmission characteristics. Herein, we propose a novel augmented multiple regression algorithm for the accurate estimation of atmospheric transmittance and solar irradiance over highly localized areas. The algorithm employs 1) adaptive atmospheric model selection using measured meteorological data and 2) multiple linear regression computation augmented with the conventional application of MODerate resolution atmospheric TRANsmission (MODTRAN). In this study, the proposed algorithm was employed to estimate the solar irradiance over Taean coastal area using the 2018 clear days' meteorological data of the area, and the results were compared with the measurement data. The difference between the measured and computed solar irradiance significantly improved from 89.27 ± 48.08σ W/㎡ (with standard MODTRAN) to 21.35 ± 16.54σ W/㎡ (with augmented multiple regression algorithm). The novel method proposed herein can be a useful tool for the accurate estimation of solar irradiance and atmospheric transmission characteristics of highly localized areas with various weather conditions; it can also be used to correct remotely sensed atmospheric data of such areas.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.29-36
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• 2022

The importance of subsurface information is becoming crucial in urban area due to increase of underground construction. The position of underground facilities should be identified precisely before excavation work. Geophyiscal exporation method such as ground penetration radar (GPR) can be useful to investigate the subsurface facilities. GPR transmits electromagnetic waves to the ground and analyzes the reflected signals to determine the location and depth of subsurface facilities. Unfortunately, the readability of GPR signal is not favorable. To overcome this deficiency and automate the GPR signal processing, deep learning technique has been introduced recently. The accuracy of deep learning model can be improved with abundant training data. The ground is inherently heteorogeneous and the spacially variable ground properties can affact on the GPR signal. However, the effect of ground heterogeneity on the GPR signal has yet to be fully investigated. In this study, ground heterogeneity is simulated based on the fractal theory and GPR simulation is carried out by using gprMax. It is found that as the fractal dimension increases exceed 2.0, the error of fitting parameter reduces significantly. And the range of water content should be less than 0.14 to secure the validity of analysis.