• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
• /
• 2006.04a
• /
• pp.77-78
• /
• 2006

급속소결방법인 고주파유도가열 소결법과 펄스전류활성 소결법을 이용하여 습식 볼밀링으로 혼합한 WC-8wt.%Ni분말에 60MPa의 압력과 고주파유도가열장치의 경우 전체 용량 (15kw)의 90%에 해당하는 고주파출력을, 펄스전류활성 소결장치의 경우 2800A의 펄스전류를 가하여 치밀한 소결체를 2분이내의 짧은 시간에 제조하였다. WC 초기입자크기가 증가함에 따라 제조된 소결체의 입자크기와 평균자유행로는 증가하였다. 또한 WC 결정립 크기가 증가함에 따라 경도는 증가하였으며, 파괴인성은 감소함을 알 수 있었다. $0.5{\mu}m$의 분말을 60MPa의 압력하에서 고주파유도가열 소결법에 의해 얻어진 소결체의 파괴인성과 경도는 각각 $1813kg/mm^2$과 $8.9MPa{\cdot}m^{1/2}$ 이었고, 펄스전류활성 소결법에 의해 제조된 소결체의 경도와 파괴인성은 각각 $1839kg/mm^2$과 $8.5MPa{\cdot}m^{1/2}$ 이었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.29-33
• /
• 2005

In the fuel of the solid fuel ramjet there are metal particles in order to improve the Isp like as solid rocket propellants. Because of the short combustion residence time these metallized fuels have low combustion efficiencies. Therefore it is necessary to increase the combustion efficiency and the inlet air temperature does an important role to this. The effect of the inlet air temperature to the performance is investigated through the semi-empirical method by adopting the experimental combustion efficiency. There are two factors to affect the inlet temperature, free stream temperature and the flight Mach number.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.282-284
• /
• 1994

A theoretical expression for determining the effective magnetic moment of hematite(${\alpha}-Fe_{2}O_{3}$) particle of the parasitic ferromagnetism by the proton relaxation in water is derived. In deriving the expression it is found that the mathematical procedures are exactly the same as those applied for aqueous solutions containing free paramagnetic ions, except that the distance between the proton spin of water molecule and the corresponding electronic spin of the particle must be considered to be a radius vector rather than a relative distance. And it is also found that the average effective magnetic moment of the particle calculated by the expression is in good agreement with the experimental value determined by Hirai.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
• /
• v.19 no.8
• /
• pp.81-87
• /
• 2020

A stable rotational-to-linear motion transformation structure using a driving mechanism with 2 degrees of freedom was developed for an orthogonal mechanism to prevent the interference of each axis in 2D motion. In this mechanism, a step motor was used for precise position control. This structure was developed to maneuver workparts in micro particle blast machining experiments. To determine the real-time performance of micro particle blast machining, the control, input, and output were operated simultaneously and precise position control was implemented, using a timer interrupt with multiple execution codes. The two step motors obtained precise position control by removing backlash with a ball-screw mechanism. The device has menu-type control codes for user-friendliness, and real-time sequence control was simultaneously adopted for user control input.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.271-274
• /
• 2007

In the fuel of the solid fuel ramjet there are metal particles in order to improve the Isp like as solid rocket propellants. Because of the short combustion residence time these metallized fuels have low combustion efficiencies. Therefore it is necessary to increase the combustion efficiency and the inlet air temperature does an important role to this. The main factors to affect the inlet air temperature is the free stream temperature and the flight Mach number. Also the flow velocity in the combustor does an important role, therefore entire range of the air flow; from the stagnation to the sonic velocity in the ramjet combustor is considered.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.38-42
• /
• 2009

Recently, various particle based simulation techniques, which solve the Navier Stokes and continuity equations, have been developed and applied to complicated engineering problems. However, although progress is being made on their visualization or rendering techniques, these are still insufficient. In this study, to render a smooth configuration for a free surface, a rendering technique was developed that included the generation of density fields from the location information for simulated particles and the creation model for a polygonal surface. The developed rendering technique was applied to the visualization of a dynamic free surface flow interacting with a structure using a particle based simulation technique.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2011.05a
• /
• pp.38-42
• /
• 2011

토석류는 산간지역에서 발생할 수 있는 가장 위험한 자연재해 중 하나로 입자-유체 혼합물인 토석류가 중력에 의해 매우 빠른 속도로 이동하는 현상을 의미한다. 산간지역에서의 토석류 발생은 도로의 횡단 배수 구조물의 통수능을 저하시키게 되며 그 결과 도로의 유실 등 막대한 피해를 발생시킨다. 잠재적인 토석류 발생 지역에서의 피해 저감을 위해서는 진보된 설계 기준이 마련되어야 하며 이를 위해 토석류의 횡단 배수구조물 내에서 토석류의 동적 거동 특성을 파악하는 것이 선행되어야 할 것이다. 이번 연구에서는 수리 실험을 통하여 횡단 배수구조물 내에서 토석류의 퇴적 특성을 파악하고자 한다. 수리 실험 장비는 폭이 일정한 사각형 수로로 접근 수로와 하류부 수로로 구성되어 있으며 접근수로의 상단부에서 일정한 유량의 토석류를 연속적으로 유입시켜 경사가 급변하는 하류부 수로 내에서의 토석류 퇴적 특성을 파악하였다. 실험 결과로 토석류의 거동 특성은 토석류의 체적 농도, 입자의 특성, 그리고 접근수로와 하류부 수로의 바닥 경사에 종속됨을 정량적으로 알 수 있었다. 또한, 토석류의 체적 농도나 수로 바닥경사 등과는 상관없이 토석류의 퇴적은 하류부 수로의 종단부인 자유 낙하 지점에서부터 시작되었고 시간이 경과함에 따라 퇴적 지점이 접근 수로 쪽으로 이동하며 퇴적량이 크게 증가하는 현상을 보였다. 이 때, 하류부 수로 내 퇴적된 토석류는 약 $12{\sim}15^{\circ}$의 경사를 보였다.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.265-269
• /
• 2010

In this study, we varied emulsifiers and oils for obtaining nano-emulsions with low viscosity using solubilization method. We obtained the stable nano-emulsions with 100 nm droplet size composed with hexyl laurate, ceteareth-20, PEG-40 hydrogenated caster oil, glyceryl stearate, and stearic acid. This nano-emulsion was stable against time. The stability of nano-emulsions was measured through the change of particle size. The cooling process was an important factor for obtaining stable emulsions by solubilization method. Stability of nano-emulions was maximum only when cooled rapidly.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2022.05a
• /
• pp.21-21
• /
• 2022

충적하천의 하상과 제방은 흐름에 의해 쉽게 침식되는 사립자들로 구성되어 있다. 흐름이 더욱 강해지면 커다란 입자들도 움직이게 되고 더욱 커지면 결국 모든 입자들이 움직인다. 이렇게 흐름에 의해 하상과 제방을 구성하는 사립자들이 움직이기 시작하는 상태를 한계운동이라 하며, 이때의 흐름조건을 한계조건이라 한다. 한계조건은 이동상 수리학의 시작으로, 이때부터 흐름은 물과 유사의 혼합이라는 이상류가 되어 순수한 물의 흐름보다 더 복잡하게 된다. 개수로는 관수로와 달리 반드시 자유수면이 있으며, 따라서 물과 공기와의 마찰은 상대적으로 매우 작으므로 개수로의 전단응력 분포는 관수로와 달리 근본적으로 비대칭이다. 따라서 전단응력은 수로 바닥이나 측벽에서만 작용하게 된다. 한계조건은 이러한 추상적인 의미에 앞서 바닥이 침식되지 않는 하도나 수로의 설계 등에 기본적인 자료가 된다. 개수로에서 경계면의 전단응력을 힘으로 표시하는 것을 통상 소류력이라 하며, 개수로 경계면에서 전단응력의 분포도; 이른바 단면의 평균 전단응력의 개념을 도입하여 해석하고 설계기준으로 제시되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 자연하천과 유사한 조건의 건설기술연구원 하천실험센터의 급경사수로에서 연구를 진행하였으며, 기존 연구를 바탕으로 제작된 소류력 측정장치를 이용하였다. 하천의 설계나 평가에 적용되는 평균 소류력 개념은 복잡한 난류흐름에서 평가지표로써 대표하기 힘들기 때문에 유사 하천환경의 바닥에서 발생하는 소류력을 직접 측정하고자 연구를 진행하였고, 연구결과를 기존의 소류력 산정방법과 비교하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 장치는 실규모 실험을 위해 제작되었으며, 실규모 적용성 검토를 위해 실험실에서 충분한 검증실험을 거친 후 실규모 실험에 적용하였다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.39-46
• /
• 2003

Purpose : To develop a theoretical model for magnetic relaxation behavior of the superparamagnetic nano-particle agent, which demonstrates multi-functionality such as liver- and lymp node-specificity. Based on the developed model, the computer simulation was performed to clarify the relationship between relaxation time and the applied magnetic field strength. Materials and Methods : The ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) was encapsulated with biocompatiable polymer, to develop a relaxation model based on outsphere mechanism, which was resulting from diffusion and/or electron spin fluctuation. In addition, Brillouin function was introduced to describe the full magnetization by considering the fact that the low-field approximation, which was adapted in paramagnetic case, is no longer valid. The developed model describes therefore the T1 and T2 relaxation behavior of superparamagnetic iron oxide both in low-field and in high-field. Based on our model, the computer simulation was performed to test the relaxation behavior of superparamagnetic contrast agent over various magnetic fields using MathCad (MathCad, U.S.A.), a symbolic computation software. Results : For T1 and T2 magnetic relaxation characteristics of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide, the theoretical model showed that at low field (<1.0 Mhz), $\tau_{S1}(\tau_{S2}$, in case of T2), which is a correlation time in spectral density function, plays a major role. This suggests that realignment of nano-magnetic particles is most important at low magnetic field. On the other hand, at high field, $\tau$, which is another correlation time in spectral density function, plays a major role. Since $\tau$ is closely related to particle size, this suggests that the difference in R1 and R2 over particle sizes, at high field, is resulting not from the realignment of particles but from the particle size itself. Within normal body temperature region, the temperature dependence of T1 and T2 relaxation time showed that there is no change in T1 and T2 relaxation times at high field. Especially, T1 showed less temperature dependence compared to T2. Conclusion : We developed a theoretical model of r magnetic relaxation behavior of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO), which was reported to show clinical multi-functionality by utilizing physical properties of nano-magnetic particle. In addition, based on the developed model, the computer simulation was performed to investigate the relationship between relaxation time of USPIO and the applied magnetic field strength.