• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.281-304
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• 2018

This paper aims at analysing what impacts the experience of self-employed business have had on the income mobility. Since 2000s, the flexibilization of labor market and the population aging led to the increase of the number of self-employed job as many retirees at the age of early 50s has set up the self-employed business as a bridge job. However, previous researches just have emphasized on the impoverishment of the self-employed, but not focused on what different effects the experience of self-employed had on the income class mobility by age group. This paper compares the difference in the income class mobility by age group and employment status, and analyses its longitudinal trends. According to the result, as a whole the experience of self-employed has positive effect on the upper mobility of income class, but it become disadvantageous for the upper mobility as the age goes up. When belonging to the age group over 60s, the experience of self-employed rather increases the risk of lowering income class. Just as the experience of self-employed has different effects on income class mobility by age group, so the differentiated measures for age groups are demanded.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.55-83
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• 2012

Self-employment rate is high in Korean labor market, while the income gap within self-employed is also high. Although, there are very few studies that addressed on the income inequality of self-employed. Thus, this study has measured the earnings inequality of self-employed by generalized entropy indices and decomposed inequality factor and trend. The empirical study is based on Korea Welfare Panel Study wave 1~4. The main result from this analysis is summarized in three points. Firstly, earnings inequality of self-employed is severely high and the earnings polarization within self-employed has become more serious in Korea. Secondly, this study provides the evidence that the main factor of earnings inequality of self-employed is the status of self-employment, education level, age group, workplace scale and industry. Thirdly, the contribution of relative changes in the incomes of the status of self-employment is the largest to the inequality trend. In terms of education level, age group and industry, the increase of inequality within group(pure effect) mainly attributes to the rise of earnings inequality of self-employed and the change effect of group composition contributes to deterioration of inequality.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.135-156
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• 2005

This paper analyzes the distribution and determinants of income of the self-employed, in comparison with salaried workers. Relative to salaried workers, in general, the self-employed tend to have a larger dispersion of income and larger heterogeneity. In this regard, the quantile regression analysis was used, along with a typical OLS regression analysis. According to the empirical findings, the income of the self-employed is larger than that of salaried workers, and this difference is larger for higher income group. The marginal effect of education is larger for higher income groups for both the self-employed and salaried workers, implying the return on education is larger for higher income groups. In contrast, for self-employed women, the marginal effect of education is smaller for higher income groups. Put differently, the return on education in the labor market is larger for salaried workers and self-employed men of high income groups as compared to those of low income groups, whereas the opposite holds for self-employed women.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.149-179
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• 2003

This study is analysing the factors determining individuals' behavior of selecting self-employment not only at the micro-level but also at the macro-level to put a particular emphasis on the financial constraint and unemployment rate representing business cycle. The data used in this study are "Korean Labor and Income Panal Study" of the Korea Labor Institute and "Economically Active Population Survey" of National Statistical Office. The main findings are as follows. First, human capital such as educational attainment and job experience has positive effects on male's selection of self-employment. The effects of job experience, however, changed negative for female's selection of self-employment. Second, real estate is significantly enhancing the selection probabilities of employer selection while the income from financial assets has negative effects. Third, entrepreneurial culture and environment are also raising the self-employment selection probability. Lastly, the regional unemployment rate representing the business cycle has positive effects on the self-employment selection after the financial crisis in 1997 both at the micro and macro level. Moreover, the coefficient of regional unemployment rate has changed positive in the structural model of self-employment selection controlling for selection bias and income opportunities, which means that individual's behavior of self-employment selection is rather complex when accounting for the uncertainties of income opportunities and diverse characteristics of self-employment workforce.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.135-164
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• 2010

This paper compares the earnings effect of inter-industry technology differences between the self-employed and wage earners. It is assumed that primary skills utilized by the self-employed and paid workers differ in nature, and thus the earnings effect of technology differences and its skill-biasness also differ for each type of workers. For the empirical analysis. Heckman's two-stage method and quantile regressions are fitted to Korean panel data. The earnings effect of technology differences turns skill- biased for wage earners (job-specific skills), but prevails for all self-employed workers (entrepreneurial skills) regardless of their schooling level. This sectoral difference holds for each different quantile of earnings distribution.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.281-296
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• 2009

This study examines the job and life satisfactions of the self-employed. It uses the Korean Labour and Income Panel Study(KLIPS, hereafter) data for 1998 and 2004. We examine the phases of satisfaction and what variables influence satisfaction for both years and compare the results in order to see what changed between the two regimes. We make use of k-means clustering to divide self-employed into similar degrees of satisfaction. As a result, we are able to classify the self-employed into three groups(low, medium and high) both for the two regimes. High groups consists of relatively younger, well-educated, low working dates, higher proportion of woman than other groups. As a result of regression analysis, we have some evidence that women are more satisfied than men for job satisfaction and that the existence of income is more important than the amount of income for life satisfaction. The age, education, satisfaction for working place, and health are significant to both satisfactions.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.3 s.75
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• pp.115-126
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• 2005

The purpose of this study were to analyze the factors that influence the economic outcomes of small self-employed business and the job satisfaction among self-employed workers. A sample of 321 was selected from self-employed workers living in Daegu. For data analysis, multiple regression was used. The major findings were as follows: 1. The self-employed workers' income was affected by their gender, age, perception of present economic status, and working years of business, and amount of capital at the beginning, as well as whether they hired other employees. 2. The factors that influence job satisfaction for self-employed workers were previous experience in self-employed business, level of positive vision with future household economy, level of income, length of working hours per day, and the level of empowerment with their self-employed work.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.41-73
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• 2006

Using 1998~2003 data of the Korea Labor and Income Panel Survey, we analyze the scale, characteristics, and dynamic transition of working poors. The result shows that more than half of the poor families are working poors and that a considerable portion of economically active households is in poverty. However, compare to other kinds of poor families, working poors can easily escape from poverty once after they entered into poverty. When household head is elderly and less educated, the risk of working poor is relatively high. Also, self-employed households have high risk of working poor compare to households having wage worker(s). To ease the problem of working poor, creation of decent jobs and human resource development for vulnerable groups are important. Especially, the creation of decent jobs will do critical roles not only in solving employment issues but also in moderating income inequality among families. Policy development for self-employed in the brink of poverty and establishment of a solid social security system for working poors are also recommended.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.139-173
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• 1996

This study is an attempt to identify factors affecting korean immigrants concentration in small business enterprises in the middleman minority sector including the priphery and core sectors, with the private wage and self-employed worker examined in each sector, employing the 5 percent public use sample from the 1980 United States census. One out of five koreans aged 25∼64 years is engaged in self-employed small businesses, while the majority of koreans (4 out of 5) are in the private wage sector. In contrast to expectations, English language difficulties and inferior education are not the prime factors affecting self-employment small businesses. The korean self-employed small business owners both in the periphery sector and in the core sector showed the 'middle' strata of their position in the social structure in terms of their industry, occupation, earnings, etc.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.323-346
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• 2013

The main purpose of this study is to analyze job sequences according to poverty profiles that the working poor have had. For the stated purpose, this study examines characteristics and patterns of job sequences by diving the subgroups, using the 10 year data of KLIPS and the sequence analysis. Major findings are as follows. The working-transient poor have different characteristics, such as longer working term, less job change, less number of gap and length, and relatively higher monthly income, from the working-recurrent poor and the working-persistent poor. However, there are no different characteristics between the working-recurrent poor and working-persistent poor, except for monthly income. Job sequences are divided into 5 clusters and job sequences types according to the working poor subgroups are quite different. Such analysis results would contribute to planning poverty policies based on job sequences differently seen in subgroups and finding specific policy alternatives to relieve the working poor.