• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.113.1-113.1
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 중 소형 SOFC에 적용할 수 있는 연료 변환 시스템으로 자체 기동 및 독립운전이 가능한 천연가스 자열개질(ATR) 반응기를 $10Nm^3/hr$급으로 개발하고자한다. 설계된 천연가스 자열개질기는 자열개질 촉매를 코팅한 금속 모노리스형 촉매체를 반응기 내에 장착함으로써 반응열을 신속하게 제거 또는 공급할 수 있는 시스템으로 구성되었다. 이는 금속 모노리스의 뛰어난 열전도 능력에 의해 반응기 내의 촉매층 전체 온도 분포를 균일하게 유지할 수 있는 저에너지형 자열개질 반응기이다. 또한 빠른 기동 특성을 실현하기 위하여 전기 발열식 촉매체(EHC ; Electically Heated Catalyst)를 장착한 start-up 시스템을 적용하여 천연가스 자열개질 반응기의 신속한 기동과 장치 간편화를 실현하였으며, 합성 syngas의 배열 회수를 위한 최적 열교환 시스템을 설계/적용함으로써 에너지 효율 향상을 도모하였다. 이와 같은 촉매 및 구조 시스템을 가지는 천연가스 자열개질 반응용 소형 연료변환 시스템을 원통형의 이중관 구조로 구성하고, 독립운전 모드로 개발함으로써 소형 SOFC의 연료 변환장치의 적용에 용이하게 하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.110-115
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• 2007

Solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC) has high fuel flexibility due to its high operating temperatures. Hydrocarbonaceous fuels such as diesel has several advantages such as high energy density and established infrastructure for fuel cell applications. However diesel reforming has technical problems like coke formation in a reactor, which results in catastrophic failure of whole system. Performance degradation of diesel autothermal reforming (ATR) leads to increase of undesirable hydrocarbons at reformed gases and subsequently degrades SOFC performance. In this study, we investigate the degradation of SOFC performance(OCV, open circuit voltage) under hydrocarbon(n-Butane) feeds and characteristics of diesel performing under various ratios of reactants($H_2O/C,\;O_2/C$ molar ratios) for improvement of SOFC performance. Especially we achieved relatively high performance of diesel ATR under $H_2O/C=0.8,\;O_2/C=3$ condition.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.663-668
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• 2007

The autothermal reforming reaction of methane was investigated to produce hydrogen with $Ni/CeO_2-ZrO_2$ catalysts. Alumina-coated honeycomb monolith was applied in order to obtain high catalytic activity and stability in autothermal reforming of methane. Metallic monolithic catalyst showed better methane conversion than that of powder type at high reaction temperature. It was confirmed that $H_2O/CH_4/O_2$ ratio was important factor in autothermal reforming reaction. $H_2$ yield was increased as $H_2O/CH_4$ ratio increased. Methane conversion was improved as $O_2/CH_4$ ratio was increased, whereas, the yield of $H_2$ was decreased. The catalytic activity for $Ni/CeO_2-ZrO_2$ catalyst with 0.5 wt% Ru loading was improved at low reaction temperature.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.802-807
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• 2012

The autothermal reforming of methane to syngas has been carried out in a reactor charged with both a Ni (15 wt%)-Ru (1 wt%)/$Al_2O_3$-MgO metallic monolith catalyst and an electrically-heated convertor (EHC). The standalone type reactor has a start-up time of less than 2 min with the reactant gas of $700^{\circ}C$ fed to the autothermal reactor. The $O_2/CH_4$ and $H_2O/CH_4$ ratio governed the methane conversion and temperature profile of reactor. The reactor temperature increased as the reaction shifted from endothermic to exothermic reaction with decreasing $H_2O/CH_4$ ratio. Also the amount of $CO_2$ in the products increases with increasing $H_2O/CH_4$ ratio due to water gas shift reaction. The 97% of $CH_4$ conversion was obtained and the reactor temperature was maintained $600^{\circ}C$ at the condition of $GHSV=10,000\;h^{-1}$ and feed ratio ($H_2O/CH_4=0.6$ and $O_2/CH_4=0.5$). In this condition, the maximum flow rate of the syngas generated from the reactor charged with 170 cc of the metallic monolith catalyst is $0.94\;Nm^3/h$.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.507-510
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• 2008

Characteristics of an autothermal reformer at various operating parameters have been studied in this paper. Numerical method has been used, and simulation model has been developed for the analysis. Full Combustion reaction, Steam Reforming(SR) reaction, Water-Gas Shift(WGS) reaction, and Direct Steam Reforming(DSR) reaction are assumed as dominant chemical reactions in the autothermal reformer. Simulation results are compared with experimental results for code validation. Operating parameters of the autothermal reformer are inlet temperature, Oxygen to Carbon Ratio(OCR), Steam to Carbon Ratio(SCR), and Gas Hourly Space Veolcity(GHSV). SR reaction rate decreases with low inlet temperature. If OCR is increased, $H_2$ yield is increased but optimal point is suggested. WGS reaction is activated with high SCR. When GHSV is increased, reforming efficiency is increased but pressure drop may decrease the system efficiency.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.76-85
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• 2016

This study introduces the system layout and control strategy necessary to start and operate a fuel processor in a wide range of temperatures where a gasoline was selected as the fuel of fuel processor considering logistic support of Korea Army. The autothermal reformig(ATR) catalyst is heated to light-off temperature by combustion method in the initial stage. In order to ignite the gasoline and air mixture stably, the glow plug is installed after ATR catalyst. When the catalyst is increased to light-off temperature, the reformer is operated from initiation to steady state conditions as follows: Partial oxidation(POX) mode, partial ATR mode, full ATR mode. Finally the start-up and control strategy is validated by the operational test of gasoline fuel processor at low and room temperature. As a result the gasoline fuel processor is able to start-up within 40 min and to produce the reformate gas which has 37 ~ 42 vol.%(dry basis) of $H_2$ and 0.3 vol.% of CO.

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.97-100
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• 2003

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.277-280
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• 2004

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.218-221
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• 2009

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), as high-temperature fuel cells, have various advantages. In some merits of SOFCs, high temperature operation can lead to the capability for internal reforming, providing fuel flexibility. SOFCs can directly use CH4 and CO as fuels with sufficient steam feeds. However, hydrocarbons heavier than CH4, such as ethylene, ethane, and propane, induce carbon deposition on the Ni-based anodes of SOFCs. In the case of the ethylene steam reforming reaction on a Ni-based catalyst, the rate of carbon deposition is faster than among other hydrocarbons, even aromatics. In the reformates of heavy hydrocarbons (diesel, gasoline, kerosene and JP-8), the concentration of ethylene is usually higher than other low hydrocarbons such as methane, propane and butane. It is importatnt that ethylene in the reformate is removed for stlable operation of SOFCs. A new methodology, termed post-reforming was introduced for removing low hydrocarbons from the reformate gas stream. In this work, activity tests of some post-reforming catalysts, such as CGO-Ru, CGO-Ni, and CGO-Pt, are investigated. CGO-Pt catalyst is not good for removing ethylene due to low conversion of ethylene and low selectivity of ethylene dehydrogenation. The other hand, CGO-Ru and CGO-Ni catalysts show good ethylene conversion, and CGO-Ni catalyst shows the best reaction selectivity of ethylene dehydrogenation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.636-644
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• 2008

The objective of this paper is to investigate characteristics of an autothermal reformer at various operating conditions. Numerical method has been used, and simulation model has been developed for the analysis. Pseudo-homogeneous model is incorporated because the reactor is filled with catalysts of a packed-bed type. Dominant chemical reactions are Full Combustion reaction, Steam Reforming(SR) reaction, Water-Gas Shift(WGS) reaction, and Direct Steam Reforming(DSR) reaction. Simulation results are compared with experimental results for code validation. Operating parameters of the autothermal reformer are inlet temperature, Oxygen to Carbon Ratio(OCR), Steam to Carbon Ratio(SCR), and Gas Hourly Space Velocity(GHSV). Temperature at the reactor center, fuel conversion, species at the reformer outlet, and reforming efficiency are shown as simulation results. SR reaction rate is improved by increased inlet temperature. Reforming efficiency and fuel conversion reached the maximum at 0.7 of OCR. SR reaction and WGS reaction are activated as SCR increases. When GHSV is increased, reforming efficiency increases but pressure drop from the increased GHSV may decrease the system efficiency.