• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
• /
• 2000.10a
• /
• pp.52-53
• /
• 2000

실제로 어류는 자연 발생적인 잡음과 인위적 잡음이 혼재하는 환경에서 서식하기 때문에 어류의 청각은 수중에서 발생하는 주위의 잡음에 의해서 영향을 받으며 잡음이 클 경우는 작은 음이 듣기 어렵게 되는 마스킹 현상이 발생하게 된다. 따라서 수중에는 각각의 요인에 의해서 발생하는 매경 잡음들이 항시 혼합되어 있고, 그 음압의 레벨도 변동하기 때문에 수중음을 이용하여 어류를 유집하고 어획하기 위해서는 대상 어종에 의한 청각문턱치뿐만 아니라 배경 잡음에 의한 마스킹 효과를 충분히 조사하는 것이 중요하다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1998.06d
• /
• pp.56-59
• /
• 1998

머리전달함수(Head-Related Transfer Function, HRTF)를 이용한 영상 음원법(Image Model Method, IMM)을 적용하여 3차원 음장을 제어하기 위한 요소결정 방법을 제안한다. 제어 요소들은 직방체 내부에서의 음 에너지에 관한 이론을 토대로 결정하였다. 각 제어요소를 3차원 음장 모델에 적용하고, 헤드폰을 사용하여 청취자에 의한 심리음향 실험한 결과, 제어된 음장에서는 음상의 두외 정위, 거리감, 공간감이 실내에서와 같이 자연스럽게 형성됨을 나타냈다.

• 주택과사람들
• /
• s.193
• /
• pp.50-53
• /
• 2006

도예의 경계를 무너뜨리고 흙을 이용해 새로운 예술 장르를 개척한 홍익대학교 미술대학장 신상호 교수. 그는 다른 이들이 발견하지 못한 가능성을 끌어내고 끊임없이 새로운 것을 만들어내는 자유로운 예술가다. 흙내음 물씬 풍기는 자연에 취한 신상호 교수의 삶과 공간을 만나본다.

• 공원문화
• /
• s.74
• /
• pp.83-94
• /
• 1998

'부리'와 '불(뿔)'과 음이 비슷해서 땅이름에서는 각의 한자로 들어가기도 했다. 백운대, 인수봉, 만경대의 세 부리가 있는 북한산이 삼각산이었던 것은 그 대표적인 예이다.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.55-66
• /
• 2021

Proper prosody in reading allows the reader to naturally convey the meaning, which manifests as changes in pitch, loudness, and speech rate. Children with reading disability face difficulty in delivering information due to poor prosody. This study identified the difference in prosodic features between children with reading disabilities and nondisabled children through means of reading tasks. Reading tasks, according to sentence types (short sentences, assumptions/conditions, intentions, relative-clause), were recorded by 15 children studying in the 3rd to 6th grade in elementary school. Children with reading disability had a statistically significant wider range of pitch, slower speech rate, more frequent usage of pauses, longer total pause duration, and steeper pitch slope than nondisabled one in sentence-final and -medial words. Children with reading disability, therefore, exhibited a less natural and expressive reading than nondisabled children. Through this study, the characteristics of prosody observed in children with reading disability were identified and the need for an approach for effective intervention was also suggested.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.54 no.4
• /
• pp.378-385
• /
• 2003

Background : Wheezing is an important clue in the diagnosis of asthma. Previously, a Korean National asthma survey used a written questionnaire, containing the question, "Have you ever experienced a breathing sound-like 'sack-sack' or a flute sound (the Korean description for wheezing) during the last 12 months?" The response to this question showed a large discrepancy between the prevalence of wheezing and physician diagnosed asthma. This might have resulted partly from a misunderstanding of the question, due to an inadequate description for wheezing. This study was aimed at finding how well the layman understands the term "wheezing" when described as a breathing sound-like 'sack-sack', a whistle or a flute. Subjects and method : Sixty subjects, without experience of wheezing(group I), and 45 subjects, with chronic cough alleging wheezing(group II), were recruited from the Hallym University's Sacred Heart Hospital, in Anyang, Korea. Four different breathing sounds; vesicular, wheezing, tracheobronchial and crackle, were played for the subjects, without any experience with wheezing, and they were asked "which sound is most like that you would imagine when asked about a breathing sound-like 'sack-sack', a whistle or a flute?" This was followed by replaying the true wheezing sound, and then a global assessment was requested for the concordance between the real wheezing sound and the imagined wheezing sound. The wheezing sound was played for those subjects alleging wheezing, and they were asked, "have you really experienced that sound". Results : Only 46.7% of group I answered correctly, with 13.3% choosing the vesicular sound, 16.7% the tracheobronchial sound, 5.0% the crackle and 18.3% failed to answer. The concordance between their imagined wheezing and the real sound was $69.3{\pm}22.4%(mean{\pm}S.D.)$. 77.8% of group II recognized the correct sound as the one they had experienced. Conclusions : Language is not sufficient to the layman for describing natural sounds, such as wheezing.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.71-83
• /
• 1994

This paper deals with the improvement of the synthesized speech quality and naturality in the Korean TTS(Text-to-Speech) system. We had extracted the parameters(table2) such as its amplitude, duration and pitch period in a syllable through the analysis of speech waveforms(table1) in the time domain and synthesized syllables using them. To the frequencies of the Korean pronunciation large vocabulary dictionary we had synthesized speeches selected 229 syllables such as V types are 19, CV types are 80. VC types are 30 and CVC types are 100. According to the 4 Korean syllable types from the data format dictionary(table3) we had tested each 15 syllables with the objective MOS(Mean Opinion Score) evaluation method about the 4 items i.e., intelligibility, clearness, loudness, and naturality after selecting random group without the knowledge of them. As the results of experiments the qualities of them are very clear and we can control the prosodic elements such as durations, accents and pitch periods (fig9, 10, 11, 12).

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.28 no.3C
• /
• pp.239-247
• /
• 2003

This paper presents a dual-rate (2.4/4.0 kbps) Improved Harmonic-CELP(IHC) speech coder based on the EHC(Efficient Harmonic-CELP) which was presented by the authors. The proposed IHC employs the harmonic coding for voiced and the CELP for unvoiced segments. In the IHC, an initial voiced/unvoiced estimate is obtained by the pitch gain and energy. Then, the final V/UV mode is decided by using the frame energy contour. A new harmonic estimation combining peak picking and delta adjustment provides a more reliable harmonic estimation than that in the EHC. In addition, a noise mixing scheme in conjunction with an improved band voicing measurement provides the naturalness of the synthesized speech. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed IHC coder, the coder has been implemented and compared with the 2.0/4.0 kbps HVXC(Harmonic excitation Vector Coding) standardized by MPEG-4. Results of subjective evaluation showed that the proposed IHC coder and produce better speech quality than the HVXC, with only 40% complexity of the HVXC.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.82-95
• /
• 2015

This study is intended to obtain a guideline for creating a therapeutic garden soundscape in a psychiatric hospital by analyzing the psychological and physiological effects of auditory components on mental patients. The subjects were 27 inpatients at a psychiatric institute located in Jeollabuk-do. They were recommended by their doctors and had been diagnosed with mild cases of schizophrenia. The survey was carried out in October 2011. With regard to the study, the subjects listened to single sounds(the sound of flowing water, birdsong, wind chimes and music) and 4 sounds composed of some of these, and then Electroencephalography(EEG) and psychological effects were measured. The moving water sound was perceived as pleasing and revitalizing and the birdsong as sonorous and delightful. When designing a healing garden in a psychiatric hospital, the vitality of sound should be considered. In comparison to other single sounds, water sounds were highly preferred and had greater effects on psychological vitality. Music sounds had a significant effect on enhancing tranquility while water sounds affected on both psychological vitality and tranquillity. When comparing single sounds with combined sounds, single sounds such as running water for vitality and music for tranquility had a greater psychological effect than combined sounds. In terms of combined sound preferences, the combination of water and bird sounds had higher preference rates. Generally, combined sounds including water tended to have higher preference rates. The physiological effects of single sounds showed that music had a greater therapeutic effect than natural sounds such as water sounds and birdsong in promoting tranquility. As for combined sounds adopted to enhance physiological tranquility, it is most appropriate to combine music and birdsong or music and water sounds. However, a single music sound is more effective than combined sounds. Overall, analyses of both psychological and physiological reactions showed music and water sounds to be most calming while water sounds promoted the greatest vitality.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1998.06c
• /
• pp.265-268
• /
• 1998

본 논문에서는 1채널(mono)이나 2채널(stereo)의 오디오 입력을 5채널(center, left, right, left side, right side)로 출력시키는 음장 시스템을 설계하고 그 성능을 분석하였다. 가정의 리스닝 룸 같이 작은 공간에서 콘서트 홀 같은 커다란 공간의 음장을 재현하기 위한 멀티 채널 음장 시스템은 지연기, 초기 반사음처리기, 잔향기를 이용해 설계하였다. 초기 반사음 처리기의 지연과 이득은 실제 공간에서 측정한 암펄스 응답을 이용하여 결정하였으며, 구현된 초기 반사음을 전방 30$^{\circ}$방향에서 재생함으로써 확장감을 증가시킬 수 있도록 하였다. 잔향기는 자연스러운 주파수 및 감쇠 특성을 갖도록 설계되었으며, 후방 60$^{\circ}$방향에서 재생되는 잔향의 상관 계수를 작게 함으로써 청취시 공간감을 느끼게 하였다. 설계된 음장 시스템은 무향실 데이터를 입력으로 시뮬레이션되었고, 그 결과로 얻어진 5개의 PCM 출력은 멀티 트랙 재생 장치에 의해 일반 리스닝 룸에서 재생된다.