• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.525-534
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• 2022

In this study, we investigated the psychological and physiological effects of experiences in real natural forests and virtual forests using artificially controllable VR. The experiment tested 60 adult college students in a natural forest and a graduate seminar room where external light was blocked. It evaluated the effects of the natural and the VR forest environments by comparing the psychological and physiological recovery of the subjects. Psychometric testing using the PANAS psychological index showed increased positive emotions and decreased negative emotions after experiencing forest scenery in the natural and VR forest environments. And a stress index, based on measuring cortisol in saliva, decreased significantly in the subjects in both environments. The experiment results can be used to support the creation of a psychological and physiological recovery environment with VR for those who cannot go to the natural forest due to certain restrictions such as physical distance, mobility difficulties, etc. It is expected that the results will be the basis for further research into the visual effects of forest healing and also for widening the use of VR, a technology of the fourth industry, in the field of forestry.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.12
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• pp.1021-1030
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• 2022

Currently, South Korea implements water resources management policies focusing on integrated water quantity, quality and hydro-ecology management. In particular, rehabilitation of natural rivers has become a major issue. As for reservoir operation during non-flood season, efforts have been made continuously to apply the Deficit Supply Method that can maximize water supply to address droughts and increase in water demand. When Deficit Supply Method is applied, the water supply capacity of reservoir can be maximized. However, downstream water flow would remain constant. In consideration that a natural stream, a long-time-created hydro-ecology, can be significantly influenced by flow variability, the Deficit Supply Method-based reservoir operation can generate effective water supply. Still, it may trigger adverse effects from the aspects of natural rehabilitation and hydro-ecology recovery. The main objective of this study is to analyze impacts on downstream flow duration through reservoir simulation by comparing the Firm Supply Method, the Deficit Supply Method and the Selective Deficit Supply Method, and examining each method's effects on reservoir operation. This study found that the Firm Supply Method could maintain water flow variability, but could not maximize water supply capacity. When the Deficit Supply Method was applied, water supply capacity could be increased while remaining vulnerable regarding water flow variability, as a difference between average flow and low flow was negligible at downstream. In comparison, the Selective Deficit Supply Method was found to sustain time-based reliability at 95% or higher, whereas downstream flow duration could be maintained at a level similar to the level generated by the Firm Supply Method.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 1998

Video-assisted thoracic surgery(VATS) is emerging as a viable alternative to thoracotomy when surgical treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax is required. 20 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax underwent bullectomy between July 1995 and May 1996. The patients were divided into two groups : Control group ; the patients who received with mid-axillary approach(n=10), Experimental group ; the patients who received with VATS (n=10). The results were as follows ; 1. The total sex distribution was male predominance (male:female=17:3). Mean age of control group was 29.6$\pm$9.8 years and experimental group was 27.2$\pm$11.9 years. 2. The mean period of postoperative chest tube indwelling duration and hospital stay were 3.3$\pm$0.8 days and 7.9$\pm$1.2 days in control group and 2.1$\pm$0.9 days and 5.2$\pm$3.1 days in experimental group(p=0.005 and p=0.02). 3. The mean time of operation, vital signs and arterial blood gas analysis did not showed any statistical differences between the groups. 4. Percent recovery of tidal volume and forced vital capacity were significantly improved in experimental group comparing with control group (p<0.05). 5. The patients undergoing VATS experienced significantly less postoperative pain and limitation of motion. In conclusion, VATS is safe and offers the potential benefits of shorter postoperative hospital stays and less pain with cosmetic benefits.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.119-130
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• 2004

Decrease in cardiac function after open heart surgery is due to an ischemia induced myocardial damage during surgery, and ischemic preconditioning, a condition in which the myocardial damage does not accumulate after repeated episodes of ischemia but protects itself from damage after prolonged ischemia due to myocytes tolerating the ischemia, is known to diminish myocardial damage, which also helps the recovery of myocardium after reperfusion, and decreases incidences of arrythmia. Our study is performed to display the ischemic preconditioning and show the myocardial protective effect by applying cardioplegic solution to the heart removed from rat. Material and Method: Sprague-Dawley male rats were used, They were fixed on a modified isolated working heart model after cannulation. The reperfusion process was according to non-working and working heart methods and the working method was executed for 20 minutes in which the heart rate, aortic pressure, aortic flow and coronary flow were measured and recorded. The control group is the group which the extracted heart was fixed on the isolated working heart model, recovered by reperfusion 60 minutes after infusion and preserved in the cardioplegic solution 20 minutes after the working heart perfusion and aortic cross clamp, The thesis groups were divided into group I, which ischemic hearts that were hypoxia induced were perfused by cardioplegic solution and preserved for 60 minutes; group II, the cardioplegic solution was infused 45 seconds (II-1), 1 minutes (II-2), 3 minutes (II-3), after the ischemia induction, 20 minutes after working heart perfusion and aortic cross clamp; and group III, hearts were executed on working heart perfusion for 20 minutes and aortic cross clamp was performed for 45 seconds (III-1), 1minute (III-2), 3 minutes (III-3), reperfused for 2 minutes to recover the heart, and then aortic cross clamping was repeated for reperfusion, all the groups were compared based on hemodynamic performance after reperfusion of the heart after preservation for 60 minutes. Result: The recovery time until spontaneous heart beat was longer in groups I, II-3, III-2 and III-3 to control group (p<0.01). Group III-1 (p<0.05) had better results in terms of recovery in number of heart rates compared to control group, and recovered better compared to II-1 (p<0.05). The recovery of aortic blood pressure favored group III-1 (p<0.05) and had better outcomes compared with II-1 (p<0.01). Group III-1 also showed best results in terms of cardiac output (p<0.05) and group III-2 was better compared to II-2 (p<0.05). Group I (p<0.01) and II-3 (p<0.05) showed more cardiac edema than control group. Conclusion: When the effects of other organs are dismissed, protecting the heart by infusion of cardioplegic solution after enforcing ischemia for a short period of time before the onset of abnormal heart beats for preconditioning has a better recovery effect in the cardioplegic group with preconditioning compared to the cardioplegic solution itself. we believe that further study is needed to find a more effective method of preconditioning.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.166-177
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• 2016

This essay explores the problems with applying the concept of "original form" to natural heritage when it is based on originality and diachronic, historical period. It also suggests an alternative perception that the concept of "original form" can be considered based upon "integrity". First, the conceptual framework for applying the concept of "original form" falls into three types: one that centers on the time point at which heritage originated; another that respects the diachronic characteristics of the concept of "original form"; and the last that bases original form on a particular time after the heritage originated. Second, the national policy for the conservation of natural monuments and scenic sites stayed at the level of consulting the Decree on the Preservation of Treasures, Historical Remains, Scenic Sites, and Natural Monuments of Joseon, under Japanese colonial rule. And after the legal framework was established through enacting and proclaiming of the Cultural Heritage Protection Act in 1962, 564 cases have been designated as natural monuments. Third, the natural conservation movement, the first national policy for natural heritage, was initiated from the heritage field, but the Environment Ministry subsumed all nature-related policies and ever since the heritage agency (Cultural Heritage Administration) has implemented only heritage policies regarding "cultural" heritage. The present state of the coexisting policies about the natural heritage by the Environment Ministry and the Cultural Heritage Administration resulted in leading the public confused about official terms and main policy agency of natural heritage. Fourth, the difficulty of applying the concept of "original form" to natural heritage stems from the fact that natural heritage is inherently distinct from cultural heritage, which is placed at the center of the heritage policies implemented by the heritage agency. In addition, natural heritage, similarly distinct from the overall natural environment, has evolved in a way that incorporates human culture and thus diversely includes characteristics of originality, diachrony, and historical period. Under these circumstances, an incorporative, professional approach is required rather than independent approaches for each type of natural heritage. In conclusion, this essay suggests that issues related to the restoration of original conditions of natural heritage should be resolved through the application of the "integrity" concept by restoring "the characteristics of an object or a place that imbue it with meaning and value," with consideration given to efforts for alleviating logical contradictions within the concept of "original form" through the preparation of standards and guidelines for the restoration of original condition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2010.06b
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• pp.289-293
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• 2010

21C 현대 문명사회에서는 도시의 고밀도 및 팽창으로 인하여 도시 내 생태계가 파괴되면서 생물서식처의 환경 악화 및 엄청난 감소가 초래되었으며, 그 결과로 인하여 인간과 생물이 접촉할 수 있는 공간이 현저하게 줄어들고 있다. 또한 도시 영역의 확장을 위하여 산림 및 녹지의 감소, 녹지의 분절 및 단절화, 해안 매립 등이 계획 없이 무분별하게 진행됨으로써, 각종 동식물의 개체 수 감소 및 토양의 건조화 등이 발생하고 있으며, 그 영향으로 생물종의 다양성이 떨어지고, 도시 생태계의 교란이 심해지고 있다. 이러한 도시 생태계의 교란은 도시에 거주하고 있는 시민들의 생활의 질이 떨어지게 하고 많은 환경 문제들의 주원인이 되고 있다. 지속적이면서도 자연친화적인 도시발전을 위해서는 도시 내 자연생태계를 회복하고 생물서식공간을 종합적으로 보전하면서 복원해야 한다는 요구가 높아지고 있지만, 이를 체계적으로 이루기 위한 방법론의 부재에 시달리고 있었다. 이러한 가운데 유럽을 중심으로 생겨난 비오톱(Biotope)과 비오톱 지도화 방법이 생태계를 보전하며, 시민들에게 다양한 자연체험과 휴양 기회를 제공하고 친환경적인 도시계획을 위한 핵심적인 역할을 하는 것으로 인식되고 있다. 하지만, 기존의 비오톱 지도는 이미지 기반의 2차원 지도로 제공되고 있어, 거리 및 공간 분석에 취약하고 정보전달력이 부족하여, 익숙한 전문가가 아닌 경우 비오톱을 이해하는데 상당한 정도의 시간이 필요하였다. 이에 본 논문에서는 공간정보가 결여된 2차원 형태의 GIS 데이터를 기반으로 3차원 공간 데이터를 자동으로 생성하고, 위성영상과 DEM(Digital Elevation Model)을 이용하여 3차원 지형을 만들어 각 주제도별로 입체적인 분석이 가능하도록 하였다. 또한 동영상 녹화 기능과 3차원 객체 추가 기능을 이용하여, 자연생태계를 고려한 도시의 설계를 진행하는 경우 3차원적인 모델링을 제공함으로써 효과적이면서도 사용자의 이해도를 향상 시킬 수 있는 정보 전달력을 가질 수 있도록 설계 및 구현하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.471-471
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• 2022

도시화로 인한 하천 건천화가 심각해짐에 따라 생태계 종 다양성 감소와 서식처 파괴 등 다양한 생태학적 문제가 발생한다. 건강한 하천 생태계를 유지하기 위해서는 유량 감소로 인한 수생태계 건강성 회복을 위해서는 어류 종에 따른 적합한 생태 유량을 산정해야 한다. 특히 발전방류로 인한 유량 변화는 하류에 서식하는 어류에 직접적인 영향을 미치므로 댐 방류량에 의한 서식처 면적 변화에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 1) 낙동강 상류 구담교 유역을 대상으로 안동댐과 임하댐 유입량을 활용한 BBM (Building Block Methodology)을 구축하고, 2) 대상 하천의 River2D 모형을 구축하여, 3) 대표·대리 어종에 대한 자연유황과 BBM에 따른 가중가용면적(Weighted Usable Area, WUA)을 산정하였다. 2006년 ~ 2020년 자료를 기반으로, 시나리오1은 실측 유량을 활용하였으며, 시나리오2는 전체기간, 홍수년, 갈수년 그리고 평수년으로 구분하여 댐 유입량을 기반으로 산정한 BBM을 활용하였다. 시나리오 분석 결과, 가중가용면적이 감소하는 일부 기간도 존재하였으나, 전반적으로 BBM을 반영한 시나리오 2에서 서식처 면적이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 대표 어종 피라미의 경우 최대 약 18% 가중가용면적이 감소하는 기간이 존재하였으나, 최대 79%의 서식처 향상 효과가 나타났다. 대리어종 모래무지의 경우 마찬가지로 최대 약 18%의 서식처 감소 효과가 나타나는 기간이 존재하였으나, 최대 78%의 서식처 향상 효과가 나타나는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 자연유황을 모방하여 댐 방류 패턴을 변경하는 것이 하류에 서식하는 어류의 서식처 개선에 더 효과적인 것으로 판단된다. 다만 서식처에 영향을 주는 물리적 요인(댐 방류량 등) 외에도 생물·화학적 요인이 존재하므로, 향후 다양한 요인을 고려한 연구를 통해 효과적인 서식처 개선 방안을 모색할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.83-96
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of natural degrading polymer film covering in rice paddies on the benthic macroinvertebrate community structure in Dangsu-dong, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do from May 2009 to September 2009. We compared 5 treatments: golden apple snail farming (GF), natural degrading polymer film + organic farming (NOF), natural degrading polymer film + chemical farming (NCF), conventional farming (CF), and no fertilization (NF) as the control. The total number of species was highest in NOF followed by GF, NF, NCF, and CF. The total number of individuals was highest in NOF followed by NCF, CF, NF, and GF. The Dominance index (DI) ranged from 0.43 to 0.95. The highest dominance index was in GF followed by NCF, NF=CF, and NOF. The species diversity index (H') for each experimental plot ranged from 0.49 to 2.93. The average species diversity index was highest in NOF followed by NF, GF, CF, and NCF. After the natural degrading polymer film covered the paddies, the benthic macroinvertebrates tended to recover, but leeches and aquatic beetles increased. Mollusca and Annelida, which are sensitive taxa, decreased in both species and individual numbers after the soil was covered with the natural degrading polymer film. The number of species tended to recover. However, the number of individuals continued to decrease.d, especially individuals. Since then, the number of species tended to recover. However, the number of individuals decreased.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.37-47
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• 2014

This study aims to examine the usage of and satisfaction with neighborhood parks and university campuses and compare through the RPRS analysis of them to figure out how university campuses, as substitutive green spaces, play the role of curative environment for neighboring people. This study relied on two methods: a descriptive method of researching publications and related scholastic writings and an empirical study of researching how the park and campus has been utilized and researching whether the residents are satisfied with the currently existing space and the environment or not, and finally researching how the university campus open space as a curative environment impacts the satisfaction and utilization through reliability analysis. As a result, contribution of healing environment has a relatively high average contribution of 4 or more points, respectively. These results suggest that urban people think that a relationship between man and nature is very important in the overabundance of stress in modern society. It shows that neighborhoods are higher than university campuses in the explanatory of the Attention Restoration Theory, but the campus is higher than the neighborhood park in similarity of configuration. The result of RPRS analysis shows that the therapeutic qualities of the landscape may be very useful to evaluate a college campus open space in "the Revised Perceived Restoration Scale." The results showed that, in future studies, it will be a great help by widespread use of pre-evaluation of the characteristics of restorative environments in the planning, design and other works. To study the impact of the curative features on evaluating future research locations, the location should provide a variety of purposes and motives. At the same time, it should provide specific design ideas to design-related designers by using perceived restoration scale.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.470-470
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• 2022

서울시 한강본류(이하 한강)의 4대 지류하천인 안양천, 중랑천, 탄천, 홍제천은 한강과 도심을 연결하는 도심 자연생태계의 중심공간이자, 서울시민의 대표적인 친수환경 공간으로서 그 관리의 중요성이 커지고 있다. 한강의 수위변화는 서울시 주요 지류하천의 수리, 수질, 생태, 친수 등 물환경 전반에 영향을 미친다. 최근 기후변화와 관리정책의 변화로 인해 한강의 수위변화 요인이 증가하고 있다. 그 중, 하천의 환경 및 생태적인 기능이 부각됨에 따라 한강의 물길회복을 통한 자연성 회복을 위해 한강하류에 설치된 횡단구조물인 신곡수중보의 해체, 또는 개방이 주요하게 논의 되어오고 있다. 이에 따라, 신곡수중보의 해체 및 개방이 한강에 미치는 영향을 다각적인 측면에서 검토하였지만, 지류하천의 물환경 변화에 대한 영향검토는 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 신곡수중보 개방 및 해체에 따른 한강 본류와 서울시 주요 지류하천의 수위변화를 예측하고, 주요 지류하천에서 발생가능한 물환경 이슈를 분석하였다. 신곡수중보의 개방 또는 해체는 한강의 수위변화에 대한 조석의 영향을 증가시켜 한강의 수위저하와 수위변동성도 크게 증가되는 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 지류하천 중 하류부에 낙차공과 같은 수위유지 기능이 있는 구조물이 설치되지 않은 안양천과 중랑천의 하류부에서 흐름단면 최대 70%이상 감소, 유속 2배이상 증가 등 큰 수리변화를 유발하는 것으로 분석되었다. 이로 인해 안양천과 중랑천에서는 유속 증가에 따른 하상변화와 대규모 노출지 발생, 생태계 훼손 문제, 수위저하에 따른 수심유지 문제, 수체감소에 따른 오염도 증가와 악취문제, 하천경관 및 하천이용 문제 등의 물환경 이슈가 발생할 것으로 예측되었으며. 특히, 1970년 이전 중랑천 한강 합류지점에 위치했던 저자도의 복구/복원이 향후 주요한 이슈로 부각될 것으로 예상되었다.