• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.334-343
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• 2014

The number of malaria cases has been undulating for the past 10 years in Korea since the reemergence of malaria in early 1990's. Considering the spatial variations of malaria incidence across the northmost border areas near the demilitarized zone (DMZ), the occurrence of the disease seems to be influenced by the natural and human environment in the region. Malaria is an infectious disease that is transmitted to humans by the bites of vector-mosquitoes that carry malaria parasites, and its incidence rate depends on specific climatic and sociodemographic factors. This study found that the spatial characteristics of malaria incidence have varied depending on relative proportions of mosquito habitats, distance between mosquito habitats and human residence, the physical and sociodemographic environments of the city by urbanization, and local topography.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.98-106
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• 2011

Establishing conservation programs to protect and maintain populations of endangered species are not only a global trend, but also a pursuit endorsed by the Korean Environmental Conservation Act. This study evaluates the feasibility of alternative habitat patches for the endangered butterfly Parnassius bremeri. A portion of habitat of P. bremeri is expected to be fragmented and damaged due to the scheduled construction of the Sangju-Yongduk Highway. A trans fer of the habitat patches of P. bremeri is also scheduled. In order to select an alternative habitat patch, the Mark-Release-Recapture (MRR) method was used to simulate a patch transfer model. The connectedness between habitat are as and the survival of local populations were evaluated for each candidate habitat. It was found that metapopulations with patch distances of <250m showed a 50% connectedness and survival rate in local populations. P. bremeri were expected to migrate at an average distance of 300m. In addition, P. bremeri formed a metapopulation that exhibited intimate patch dynamics that promoted persistence among these patches. Possible candidate habitats including those recommended by local governing bodies were evaluated along with habitats that may counter problems arising from the damage done to the original habitat and habitats that may have a compensatory value equal to that of the original habitat. Based on these criteria, Ansa-myeon township office was selected due to its high scores. This scoring was based on a consideration of a wide range of variables that mark a successful transfer of habitat. These include the amount of funding available, the governing bodies of the possible alternative habitat, and the Expected collaborative effort of local citizens. This decision was collaborated on by incorporating the expertise of various fields of study including biology, ecology, biogeography, ecological engineering, landscape architecture, and social sciences. Therefore, it is suggested that in order to evaluate an alternative habitat for organisms, many social issues as well as ecological issues must be considered.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.2085-2089
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• 2008

수자원 개발이 자연 하천 생태계에 미치는 다양한 악영향들은 하천에 서식하는 동 식물의 생태서식지의 변화를 초래할 수 있다. 하천생태계를 보전하고 복원하기 위해서는 수리학과 생물학이 연계된 생태수리학적 모형을 지속적으로 연구 개발하여 수자원 개발에 따른 장래의 물리적인 거동을 비교적 정확하게 분석 및 예측하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 21세기 프론티어 연구사업 'RAMS (River Analysis and Modeling System) 적용' 과제 중 개발된 RAM2, RAM4, RAM6 해석 모형으로부터 유속, 수위, 수온, SS, 하상고, 하상재료 데이터를 받아들여 GIS와 연계하는 2차원 하천 생태 모형 (RAM 8)을 개발하는 것이다. 그리고 개발에 따른 모형 검증을 위해서 우리나라 4대 강 중 유일하게 하구둑이 설치되어 있지 않아 자연적인 하천지형과 기수역 생태계가 잘 보존된 한강 하구부를 적용구간으로 선정하여, 서식지 적합성을 판단하고 그에 따른 적정 유량을 산정하여 1차원 서식처 모형인 PHABSIM을 이용한 결과와 비교한다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.52-67
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• 2011

The research investigates the identification of necessary geographic information needed by forest fire suppression helicopter pilots, and the ways to acquire the required information from public institutions. Firefighting helicopter pilots demand 7 physical geographic and 13 human geographic data. Applying the geographical information acquired from Korean public institutions, the following 15 characteristics (3 physical geographic, 12 human geographic) can be found: altitude and highlands, river, high population and urban areas, roads, national park and state boundaries, fuel re-supply facilities, freshwater areas, cultural assets, (LPG)gas charging stations, gas stations, ammunition storage areas, ground power cables, and steel towers. Within the database of physical geography, there is a need for improvement on bird habitat details. Also, the availability of visibility, wind directions, and wind velocity data is limited and therefore requires refining. The location of refueling areas can be obtained by applying information received from institutions to the GIS spatial analysis.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.95-105
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• 2004

우리나라의 비무장지대는 북위 38도를 중심으로 동서로 띠 모양을 이루고 있으며 총 면적이 $907.3km^2$에 이른다. 비무장지대외곽에는 민통선이 비무장지대의 남쪽 5-20km 아래에 위치하고 있으며 이곳에는 15개의 시, 군, 98개 읍, 면이 있다. 또한 동해에서 서해로 이르는 내륙의 접경지역은 약 248km에 이르며 이곳에는 2,800여종의 동식물과 146종의 희귀 동식물이 다양하게 분포하는 우수한 생태계를 이루고 있다. 하지만 이 지역은 남북교류 및 협력의 강화로 인해 향후 남북교류와 통일을 위한 전략지역으로 활용되기 위한 방안이 논의되고 있다. 그 결과 남북접경지원법(2000)이 제정되었고 각종 개발사업의 시행이 이 지역의 우수한 생태계를 훼손하려하고 있다. 철원의 비무장지대를 비롯한 습지지역은 세계적인 희귀 철새이며 우리나라의 멸종위기종인 두루미의 서식지공간으로 활용되고 있다. 철원지방의 두루미서식지 보전을 위해 벼농사 추수 후 농경지를 그대로 유지하는 것이 중요하다. 우리나라 비무장지대의 보전을 위해 유네스코의 접경지원보전방안의 도입이 필요하다. 보전계획을 수립한 후, 보전지역 확보를 위한 자금이 조성되어야 하며, 지역주민의 참여를 유도하는 생태관광의 도입이 필요하고, DMZ를 교육 및 연구의 중심지역으로 발전시키는 방안이 강구되어야 한다. 국제사회의 주목을 받고 있는 자연생태계우수지역의 유지, 발전을 위해 정부, 학계는 같이 노력하여야 한다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.625-641
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• 2013

This study is analyzed the environmental ecological status of Suncheon Bay and its applicable possibility to the selection criteria of UNESCO World Natural Heritage (hereafter Criteria). The study shows that the formation process of the tidal-flats in Suncheon bay could apply to the Criteria VIII, "to be outstanding examples representing major stages of earth's history." The landscape pattern of Suncheon Bay is deduced various patterns based on 5 biotope types: tidal-flat, rice-paddy, field area, coniferous natural forest, and broadleaf natural forest. Its landscape characteristic is a harmonized composition of various landscape including mountains, rivers, fields, and tidal-flats. It is judged that the unique landscape of Suncheon Bay falls under the criteria VII, "areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance." In addition, Suncheon Bay, the habitat of the Hooded Crane as internationally endangered species, comes under the criteria X, "the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of threatened species." The study shows, however, that any other designation for protected area including national park or biosphere reserve is a prerequisite for designation of World Nature Heritage. In particular, it could evaluate whether it is qualified of the Criteria after the integrated conservation and management to the Sucheon bay as well as the southwestern tidal-flat is preceded.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.611-618
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• 2009

Road construction has been worked on by focusing on cost effectiveness such as the reduction of construction costs without understanding the natural environment and ecosystems. In addition, since ecosystems have been destroyed and the habitats of animals and plants have been isolated, wild animals have sought other habitats or have moved into isolated habitats. Thus, issues such as roadkills or the extermination of species are increasingly occurring. Based on this background, the development and application of a general assessment method need to be researched in order to verify whether or not spaces or habitats where animals can be inhabited and their species can be maintained exist. The purpose of this study is to develop an ecosystem map where a conservation value evaluation method considering the functions of an ecosystem where animals live as well as the naturalness of ecosystems is used and can be made into a drawing. The items applied to evaluate the habitat conservation values were naturalness, rarity, and functionality, and sub-items for evaluation were created. GIS as well as the evaluation items were used to create a digital map about the level of importance based on the evaluation criteria. The created digital map showed that it was not limited to the adjustment or distribution of the fauna and flora but was applicable for a general ecosystem evaluation method for the conservation of habitats. It is expected that the isolation of habitats would be able to be minimized if the digital map is used for road construction projects. The digital map is deemed to be able to be used for the construction of environmentally friendly roads, which will minimize the destruction of ecosystems and the isolation of habitats for creatures.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2006

In this study, environmental parameters of natural habitat were measured to find out suitable place for release and improve the productivity of Protothaca jedoensis in Gamak Bay. Water temperature, salinity of the habitat ranged from 5.4 to 27.6 and from 26.5 to $34.5\%_{\circ}$, respectively. Range of pH, DO, COD, Chl-a, T-N and T-P were $7.82{\sim}8.39,\;5.31{\sim}11.28mg/L,\;0.13{\sim}1.38mg/L,\;3.05{\sim}11.55mg/L,\;0.005{\sim}0.180mg/L\;and\;0.007{\sim}0.028mg/L$ respectively. Dominant grain size was fine silt and the IL of sediment was ranged from $0.75{\sim}7.26%$. The water content was $20.16{\sim}53.65%$ and highest value was observed in Baegyado. The COD and AVS in the sediments ranged from $0.53{\sim}8.67mg/g-dry$ and $0.002{\sim}0.113mg/g-dry$ respectively. The bottom condition of Baegyado was higher than other area.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.105-113
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• 1999

This study was measured environmental factors of flat oyster habitats and biomass of flat oyster to improve the productivity of flat oyster. Water temperature and salinity of the flat oyster habitat ranged from 5.5 to 27.4$^{\circ}C$ and from 31.2 to 33.4 , respectively. Average concentrations of DO, COD, DIN and PO$\_$4/$\^$3/ -P were 7.11 mg/l, 4.55 $\mu\textrm{g}$-at./l and 0.36 $\mu\textrm{g}$-at./l respectively. Surface sediments at the sampling area were composed of coarse sand, sandy silt and silty sand. Average level of IL, COD and AVS in the surface sediments were 2.6%, 13.70 mg/g dry and 0.33 mg/g dry respectively. In each sampling station, total standing crops of phytoplankton showed peaks twice in February and August. Dominant species of phytoplankton occurred in Haechang Bay throughout the year were Skeletonema costatum, Paralia sulcata, Eucampia zodiacus, Chaetoceros curvicetus, C. affinis, C. debilis, C. decipiens, Asterionella glacialis, Pseudonitzschia longissima, Pseudonitzschia seriata, Ceratium furca and C. fusus. Ten species of the bivalves were collected at the flat oyster habitat. Most of bivalves were the eutrophic species Ostrea denselamellosa, Crassostrea gigas, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scaphraca subcrenata, Scapharca broughtonii, Atrina pectinata, Fulvia mutica, Mytilus edulis, Protothaca jedoensis and Megacardita ferruginosa. The mean density of them was 21 inds./㎡ (479.14 g/㎡), while that of the flat oyster was at 0.25 inds./㎡ (231.25 g/㎡).

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.323-330
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• 2000

Early life history and spawning for Odontobutis interrupta were observed in the laboratory during May-August 1999 with a condition of natural habitats in the field. Optimal water temperature for spawning was between 17.5 and 22.$0^{\circ}C$ and appropriate water depth and current velocity in the natural habitat ranged 0.3-0.6 m and 0.1-0.3 m/sec, respectively. Ovary maturation index peaked at about 100mm in the total length and their values gradually decreased after the size. Male fishes showed a territory and courtship behavior to adult females and the males frequently pushed upper-ventral part of females for egg releases. After females spawned, the males guarded the egg masses and supplied dissolved oxygen using pectoral fins. According to observation of egg development in the laboratory, blastodisc formed in 1hr 17 min after the fertilization, cleavaging at 36-minute interval regularly. Blastulation occurred in 7 hr 12 min after the fertilization, with gastrulation after 11 hr 11 mins and formation of york plug after 32 hr 48 min. Embryo was formed in 33 hr 45 min after fertilization and optic vesicles appeared in 47 hr 27 mins when 30-31 somites were formed. Cardiac primordium was formed in 65 hr 15mins and its beat averaged 44- 48 time/min. Pectoral fins were formed in 138 hr 40 min, air-bladder and black vesicles were observed in lower portion of young fish. Embryo hatched from she-11 membrane after about 10 days and juvenile was 5.8$\pm$0.2mm in total length 3.0$\pm$0.5mg in weight.