• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.278-286
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• 2013

Phellinus xeranticus is an medicinal mushroom belongs to Family Hymenochaetaceae of Polyporales, Basidiomycota. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of methanol and hot water extracts prepared from fruiting bodies of Phellinus xeranticus. Besides measuring of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, a reducing power and a chelating activity on ferrous ions were also measured to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extracts. To measure the anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts, nitric oxide(NO) production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and carrageenan-induced acute hind paw edema of rats were investigated. The results showed that the extracts have excellent DPPH scavenging and chelating activity on the ferrous ions compared with positive controls. The nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were decreased as the concentration of the mushroom extracts increased. Significant reduction of paw edema of rats were observed at 2~6 h after treatment of methanol and hot-water extracts with 50 mg/kg concentration to the rats which are induced acute hind paw edema by carrageenan administration. The anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of the methanol extract of the mushroom showed 83.34% inhibition on AcHE which is lower than that of positive control galanthamine. The experimental results suggested that methanol and hot-water extracts of Phellinus xeranticus fruiting bodies might be used for good sources of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-acetylcholinesterase agents.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.39-53
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• 2006

This studies investigated the effect of concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) on occurrence and growth of fruitbody in oyster mushrooms, Pleurotus spp. Our experiments divided into two parts. When the water contents in substrate were added with sodium chloride solution in cotton waste box cultivation as a first experiment, the growth of mushroom was damaged as the concentration was increased, even though there was a little difference according to the strains. The yield in 1.0% NaCl solution was decreased to 72% compared to non-treated plot while that in 3.0% solution was only 2% of the non-treated plot. Morphological characteristics of mushrooms cultivated in substrate with the different concentration of the solution showed different results. For example, the size and thickness of pilei were not influenced by NaCl concentration, but the length of stipes and individual weight were much influenced. In plastic box cultivation filled with cotton waste, watering treatment with the different concentrations of sodium chloride solution, the second experiment, did not show any difference according to the concentration until 1.0% solution but there was a little difference according to the strains. The productivity of fruitbody started to decrease at 2.0% of the solution and the yield and quality of mushroom in 3.0% solution treatment were generally low. After the second flush, days for mushroom sprouting were generally prolonged in proportion to the solution concentration. Taken altogether, the second experiment did not show a clear effect as the case of the first experiment.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 2018

A edible mushroom, Clitocybe maxima (Lentinus giganteusis) commercially cultivated in China and Taiwan. However, the researches of cultivation and cultural characteristics were not reported in Korea. In this study, we conducted on cultural characteristics and artificial cultivation of C. maxima. Six isolates were collected from China(3 isolates, commercial strain), Taiwan(1 isolate, commercial strain) and Korea(2 isolates, wild type). C. maxima and L. giganteus collected in China and Taiwan, respectively, are the same in China and are estimated to be of the same species as cultured characteristics. The mycelial growth of the collected strains was not significantly different in agar medium but it showed the best growth in YPMG in liquid culture. Optimum temperature for mycelial growth and induction of fruit body were 25℃ and 30℃, respectively. In order to artificial cultivation of C. maxima, cultural characteristics and artificial cultivation were carried out using agricultural by-products and forestry by-products materials. Mycelial growth was suitable in rice straw, cottonwood sawdust, corncob and rice seed medium, and it was selected as a cultivation medium. The suitable medium for artificial cultivation of C. maxima was selected to mixed medium 2(compounding ratio(v/v): 55% of hardwood sawdust, 5% of cottonseed pellets, 10% of cottonseed, 15% of beet pulp, 15% of swollen rice husks). It took about 30 days to be able to harvest, it was faster than oyster mushrooms. The cultivation period was about 30days. A isolate, CMA-002 was not initiation to fruit body primordiuma on the used cultivation substrate. Other 5 isolates were initiate and development to fruit body on the substrate used in this study. The strain CMA-003 was initiated to be fruiting body by 8~10 days after induction of fruiting body in all of the substrates. Isolate CMA-003 was generate to a bundle fruit body. Other isolates, however, were form fruit body individually. The CMA-003 strain was likely highly recommendable strains for farming. The optimum conditions for the induction and growth of C. maxima fruit body were 25~30℃, 8 hr illumination per day with white fluorescent lamp, 90~95% relative humidity, and 1,500 ppm of CO₂ concentration in a cultivation room.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.109-114
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• 2012

To develop new variety of oyster mushroom, 63 intra-specific hybrids between the strain Suhan and #Nongi201 were developed using hyphal anastomosis technique in 2004. The Po2008-275 hybrid between the dikaryon strain 04-154(Suhan x #Nongi201) and the monokaryon strain derived from ASI2487 were developed using hyphal anastomosis in 2008. The Po2008-275 was shown the best cultural characteristics, selected to be a new variety and named as 'Guseol'. The new commercial strain, 'Guseol' had dark grey pilei and grows well under spring and autumn conditions in Korea. The fruiting bodies of 'Guseol' were of an excellent quality in that not only the stipe was thick and long but also the pileus was small and hard. The optimum temperatures for mycelial growth and fruiting body development were $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ and $10{\sim}16^{\circ}C$, respectively. Time period required for the initiation of the first fruiting body was about 3 to 5 days depending on the temperatures. The shape of fruiting body was thin funnel shape. Fruiting body production per box($43{\times}43{\times}12cm$) was about $1545{\pm}400.9g$ which was almost 137% quantity compared to that of parental strain 04-154. Relatively low temperature incubation ($11^{\circ}C$) resulted in the development of better quality of 'Guseol' mushrooms. When two different media including potato dextrose medium and mushroom complete medium were compared, the mycelial growth of this mushroom were much faster in mushroom complete medium. Similar results were observed with other variety '#Chunchu2'. Analysis of the genetic characteristics of the new commercial strain 'Guseol' showed a major DNA profile as that of the parental 04-154 when primer URP 1, primer URP 2 and primer URP 5 were used, but different to '#Chunchu2' that was used as a control. This new variety of the dark grey oyster mushroom had smart and high quality image that corresponds well to "health food". We therefore expect that this new strain will satisfy the consumers demand for variety and excellent mushrooms.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.212-216
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• 2015

A new commercial strain "Mongdol" of oyster mushroom was developed by hyphal anastomosis. It was improved with hybridization between monokaryotic strain derived from Pleurotus ostreatus ASI 0627 and dikaryotic strain derived from P. ostreatus ASI 2929. The optimum temperature of mycelial growth and fruiting body development were $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ and $12{\sim}18^{\circ}C$, respectively. When two different media including PDA (potato dextrose agar medium) and MCM (mushroom complete medium) were compared, the mycelial growth of this mushroom was faster in MCM than in PDA. Similar result was observed with the control strain P. ostreatus ASI 2504. Analysis of the genetic characteristics of the new cultivar "Mongdol" showed a different DNA profile as that of the control strain ASI 2504, when RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) primer URP3 and URP6 were used. Fruiting body production per bottle was about 106 g using demonstration farms. The color of pileus was blackish gray and the stipe was long. Therefore, we expect that this new strain "Mongdol" will satisfy the consumer's demand for high quality mushrooms.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.130-134
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• 2009

To develop new white variety of Oyster mushroom, all white varieties which have been collected and kept in the lab were revived and screened their cultural characteristics. 84 intra-specific Oyster mushroom hybrids between the white-colored mutants Suhan and Wonhyeong were developed using hyphal anastomosis technique in 2007. The Po2007-63 ($2842-7{\times}0205-7$) was shown the best cultural characteristics, selected to be a new variety and named as 'Goni'. The new commercial strain, 'Goni' has white pilei and grows well under spring and autumn conditions in Korea. The fruiting bodies of 'Goni' are of an excellent quality in that not only the stipe is thick and long but also the pileus is small and hard. The optimum temperatures for mycelial growth and fruiting body development were $25-30^{\circ}C$ and $10-16^{\circ}C$, respectively. Time period required for the initiation of the first fruiting body is about 3 to 5 days depending on the temperatures. The shape of fruiting body is thin funnel shape. Fruiting body production per bottle was about $91{\pm}13$ g which is almost 97% quantity compared to that of other variety 'Miso'. Relatively low temperature incubation ($11^{\circ}C$) resulted in the development of better quality of 'Goni' mushrooms. When two different media including potato dextrose medium and mushroom complete medium were compared, the growth of mushroom were much faster in mushroom complete medium at $20-25^{\circ}C$, but not at $25^{\circ}C$. Similar results were observed with other variety 'Miso'. Analysis of the genetic characteristics of the new commercial strain 'Goni' showed a major DNA profile as that of the parental Suhan when primer URP 1 was used, but different to 'Miso' that was used as a control. When screens were performed with primer URP 2, DNA patterns were similar both to that of the parents and 'Miso'. This new variety of the white Oyster mushroom has a clean and fresh image that corresponds well to "health food". We therefore expect that this new strain will satisfy the consumers demand for variety and excellent mushrooms.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.123-129
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• 1986

These studies were conducted to elucidate the effect of storage conditions on the changes of chemical components in fruit bodies of oyster mushroom(Pleurotus ostreatus), and the results obtained were as follows. 1. The fruit bodies of oyster mushroom sealed with polyethlene film 0.03 mm thickness maintained their freshness for 15 days at $1^{\circ}C$, 10 days at $5^{\circ}C$ and 3 days at $20^{\circ}C$. 2. The respiration rates of the fruit bodies grown in the rice-straw substrate was 29.7mg $CO_2/kg$ F.W/hr. at $1^{\circ}C$, 32.7mg at $5^{\circ}C$, and 46.3mg at $20^{\circ}C$ during the storage, respectively. The respiration rate showed the highest level at the second day during the storage. 3. The contents of total and reducing sugar during the storage of oyster mushroom rapidly increased at $5^{\circ}C$ until the fifth day following slowly decreased. 4. The content of protein in the oyster mushroom was reduced during the storage, while the free amino acid slightly increased. 5. The change of RNA and DNA contents during the storage of oyster mushroom showed inconsistency on the temperature and the storage period.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.277-282
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• 2010

This study was performed to investigate the composition of amino acids and biological properties with the ethanol extract of fruiting bodies of Pleurotus eryngii grown on the sawdust compost mix (400 g sawdust plus 200 g rice bran) supplemented with various dosages of monosodium glutamate (MSG). Amino acid composition analyses showed that arginine, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine increased as the dosage of MSG was increased, whereas histidine, serine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine did not increase. $\gamma$-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) content increased significantly up to 1.18 mg/g extract when 6 g MSG was supplemented to the sawdust mix. Antioxidant activity of the extract was estimated and compared to the standard antioxidant (ascorbic acid). The antioxidant property such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity increased with the extract samples of increasing dosage of MSG. Although the extract showed low levels of nitrite scavenging activity, this activity increased up to 1.5-2.0 fold when MSG was supplemented to the sawdust mix above a dosage of 0.5 g. The results obtained from the present investigation would appear that Pleurotus eryngii grown on the MSG-enriched sawdust mix can be used more effectively as one of potential sources of functional foods.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the suitability of various agricultural by-products as basal substrates for the mycelial growth and fruiting body formation of Hericium erinaceum. For this aim, oak sawdust, cotton waste, sugarcane bagasse, Job's tears, rice hull, Chinese cabbage, and coconut waste were used as sole or mixed substrate(s). Corn waste and rice bran were used as nutrient supplements. The growth and density of mycelium, yield of fruiting body, and biological efficiency were compared among tested substrates colonized by Hericium erinaceum. The best measurement of mycelial growth and density, yield of fruiting body, and biological efficiency in a laboratory test was found in a spawn substrate composed with oak sawdust 80% and rice bran 20%. The suitability of this spawn substrate composition for Hericium fruiting body production was testified through practical tests in plastic bottles (850 ml) in a mushroom farm which had bottle cultivation facility. However, test in a mushroom farm which had plastic bag cultivation facility, best production of Hericium fruiting body (520 g per one bag) was observed in a spawn substrate composed of cotton waste 40%, saw dust 40%, corn waste 10%, and rice bran 10%.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.1290-1298
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• 2008

Tricholoma matsutake, one of edible and medicinal mushroom belonging to Tricholomaceae of Agaricales, has been known to contain some curing effect on gastric cancer and ulcer, and inhibitory effect on sarcoma 180 and Ehrlich sarcoma. Neutral salt soluble (0.9% NaCl), hot water soluble and methanol soluble substances (hereinafter referred to Fr. NaCl, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH, respectively) were extracted from fruiting body of the mushroom. In vitro cytotoxicity tests, crude polysaccharides were not cytotoxic against cancer cell lines such as Sarcoma 180, HepG2, HT29 and NIH3T3 at the concentration of 2.0 mg/ml. Intraperitoneal injection with crude polysaccharides showed life prolongation effect of 23.4$\sim$37.2% in mice previously inoculated with Sarcoma 180. Fr. MeOH and Fr. HW exhibited the immuno-potentiating activity of B lymphocyte by increasing the alkaline phosphatase activity by 2.2$\sim$11.9 folds compared with control at the concentration of 0.2$\sim$0.5 mg/ml. In case of Fr. NaCl, the numbers of peritoneal exudate cells and circulating leukocytes were increased by 6.0 and 1.5 folds at the concentration of 50 mg/kg, respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that crude polysaccharides extracted from fruiting body of Tricholoma matsutake showed antitumor and immuno-potentiating activity against Sarcoma 180 of mouse.