• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.117-125
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• 2020

PURPOSE: Aging causes changes in the postural alignment and gait due to changes in the nervous and musculoskeletal systems. On the other hand, the relationship between the changes in posture alignment and gait is unclear. This study examined the relationship between the postural alignment and spatiotemporal gait parameters in Korean elderly women. METHODS: Thirty-two-healthy elderly women participated in this study. All subjects were assessed for their posture alignment and gait ability. Stepwise multiple linear regression was performed to determine to what extent the postural alignments could explain the spatiotemporal gait parameters. RESULTS: Coronal head angle was moderately correlated with the velocity (r = -.51), normalized velocity (r = -.46) and gait-stability ratio (r = .58) (p < .05). The trunk angle was moderately correlated with the normalized velocity (r = -.32) and gait-stability ratio (r = .32) and weakly correlated with the velocity (r = -.28) (p < .05). The coronal shoulder angle was moderately correlated with the swing phase (r = -.57), stance phase (r = .56), single limb stance (r = -.56) and double limb stance (r = .51) (p < .05). The coronal head angle and trunk angle accounted for 36% of the variance in velocity, 33% variance in normalized velocity and 46% variance in the gait-stability ratio (p < .05). The coronal shoulder angle accounted for 32% variance in the swing phase, 32% variance in the stance phase, 31% variance in the single limb stance and 26% variance in the double limb stance (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Changes in posture alignment in elderly women may serve as a biomarker to predict a decrease in walking ability due to physical aging.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2007년도 제28회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.281-285
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• 2007

추력기의 성능 등을 예측하려면 기하학적 모양과 압력비를 고려한 노즐 유동 특성을 해석해야 한다. 이 논문에서는 연속체 역학 역학의 가정이 성립하는 한계를 파악하기 위해서 인공위성 자세 제어용으로 사용되는 실제 축대칭 노즐에서의 유동을 계산하였다. 유동은 정상 상태의 비반응 압축성 유동이고 비정렬 격자계를 사용하였다. 추력기의 면적비는 56이고 주위 압력의 진공도를 변경하면서 해석하였는데 그 압력이 $10^{-3}$ 기압 이하가 되면 연속체 역학은 더 이상 타당하지 않게 된다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.237-245
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a 12-week Balanching Exercise on posture alignment, and foot plantar pressure balance in female middle students. Method: The subjects consisted of 26 female middle students, Among of 26 people exercise group is 13 persons (age: 14.69±0.48 yrs, height: 156.62±6.96 cm, weight: 50.72±9.94 kg) and control group is 13 persons (age: 14.85±0.38 yrs, height: 158.93±4.44 cm, weight: 54.25±6.60 kg) and they played Balanching Exercise for 12 weeks for 60 minutes a day, three times a week. Results: In this study, the changes of posture alignment of female middle students were analyzed. The results were as follows: head tilt, the shoulder tilt, the pelvis tilt in experimental group and there was statistically significant. Control group was head tilt, the shoulder tilt, the pelvis tilt but there was not statistically significant difference. The changes of foot pressure balance of female middle students were analyzed. The change of the foot pressure balance difference before and after the experimental group decreased by 29.3% from 6.69±3.86% to 4.73±3.57%, which was statistically significant. Control group was increased by 17.6% from 6.30±4.43% to 7.41±3.69% there was not statistically significant difference. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that Balanching Exercise has a positive effect on improving the posture alignment and has a positive effect on foot pressure balance Research should be continued.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 직접모사법을 이용하여 고 고도 희박 영역에서 로켓의 자세 제어에 필수적인 측면 제트 분사와 그에 따른 자유 흐름 유동과 측면 제트의 상호 작용에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 밀도 차가 큰 자유 흐름 유동과 제트 유동을 동시에 모사하기 위해 입자 가중치 기법을 사용하였다. 두 수직한 평판 사이의 유동 및 측면 제트 분사에 의한 상호 작용 해석을 수행하였고 그 결과를 실험치와 비교하여 프로그램을 검증하였다. 좀 더 실제적인 로켓 모델로 blunted cone cylinder 형상에 대하여 받음각을 변화시켜가며 자유 흐름 유동과 측면 제트의 상호 작용에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 표면 압력 차이의 분포를 기준으로 람다(lambda) 충격파와 후류의 영향을 토의하였다. 받음각이 있는 유동의 경우 leeward 방향으로는 제트와 자유 흐름 유동의 상호 작용이 약해지며, windward 방향으로는 상호 작용이 매우 강해지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2015

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of three interventions (intervention by passive range of motion exercise plus manual cervical traction, Mulligan's joint mobilization, and strengthening exercises) after Kaltenborn's joint mobilization on the cervical spine alignment, and muscle activity in patients with a forward head posture. METHODS: The subjects were 39 students from H University in Chungnam and C University in Jeonbuk. The subjects in each group attended training sessions three times a week for four weeks. We used one-way ANOVA and Scheffe's post hoc test to compare values between groups, and used paired t-test to compare the values of the dependent variables within groups. RESULTS: The results showed that the active intervention group experienced a significant increase compared to the passive intervention group in terms of the craniovertebral angle, cervical lordosis angle, and had significant decreases compared to the passive intervention group in terms of the upper trapezius muscle activity. The active intervention group also had significant increases in craniovertebral angle and decreased anterior scalene muscle activity than the active-assistive intervention group. The active-assistive intervention group had significant decreases compared to the active intervention group in terms of the serratus anterior, levator scapulae, and splenius capitis muscle activity. CONCLUSION: It appears that the subjects with a forward head posture had significant improvements in the cervical lordosis angle, cranial rotation angle, craniovertebral angle, and muscle activity after intervention by Mulligan's joint mobilization (active-assistive intervention component) and strengthening exercises (active intervention component) after applying Kaltenborn's joint mobilization.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the effect of cranio-cervical flexion based trunk stabilization exercise on gross motor function and posture alignment change in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Methods: Twenty-six children participated in this study. All subjects were randomly assigned to either the Cranio-Cervical Flexion Based Trunk Stabilization Exercise (CCFTS) group (n=13) or the Trunk Stabilization Exercise (TS) group (n=13). In both groups were trained general physical therapy for 10 minutes, in the CCFTS group was trained cranio-cervical flexion based trunk stabilization exercise for 20 minutes and in the TS group was trained trunk stabilization exercise for 20 minutes. The training was provided 2 times a week during 8 weeks. All subjects were measured with the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and Cranio-Vertebral Angle (CVA) before and after intervention. Results: The results showed that the CCFTS have increased significantly in GMFM (B, C, D and E-dimension) and CVA, and the TS group have increased significantly in GMFM (B, C D and E-dimension). In particular, the CCFTS group improved significantly than TS group in GMFM (B, C and D-dimension) and CVA. Therefore, the cranio-cervical flexion based trunk stabilization exercise improved gross motor function and posture alignment in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Conclusion: These results suggest that cranio-cervical flexion based trunk stabilization exercise is feasible and suitable for individuals with a spastic cerebral palsy and can be used in addition to conventional physical therapy.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of neck stabilization exercise with PNF for neck alignment, neck disability index, and sitting balance in adults with forward-head posture. Methods: Forty participants were randomly assigned to two groups. Patients in the neck stabilization exercise group (NSG, n = 20) and the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation neck pattern exercise group (PNFG, n = 20) were studied 30 minutes a day three times a week for four weeks. Outcomes were measured using cranial vertical angle (CVA), the Korean version of the neck disability index (KNDI), anterior limit of stability (ALOS), and posterior limit of stability (PLOS) before and after the intervention period. Results: There were significant effects in the CVA and the KNDI of both groups pre- and post-intervention. There were significant effects in ALOS and PLOS in the PNFG pre- and post-intervention compared with the NSG. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that PNF with neck exercise could be beneficial to the static balance of adults with forward-head posture.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2021

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate basic data about the effects of muscle energy technique on the shoulder complex range of motion and posture alignment in the round shoulder posture. Methods: The subjects included 15 women that gave consent to participate in the study voluntarily. They performed the muscle energy technique for 30 minutes twice. The round shoulder posture was measured with a straight edge ruler. The shoulder complex range of motion was measured with the apley scratch test. The forward head posture was measured with ImageJ. The pectoralis minor muscle length was measured with a tape measure. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the round shoulder posture both right and left (p<.05). The experiment group showed statistically significant differences in the pectoralis minor muscle length (p<.05). There were significant differences in the shoulder complex range of motion including flexion, left lateral flexion, right lateral flexion, left side bending, and right side bending (p<.05), but no significant differences were found in extension (p>.05). The forward head posture showed significant differences in CVA changes (p<.05) and no significant differences in CRA changes (p>.05). Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that the muscle energy technique relaxed muscles around the shoulders and increased the shoulder complex range of motion. The technique is also expected to prevent pain in the neck and shoulders and lower injury risk. In conclusion, the muscle energy technique can be applied as an effective intervention for round shoulder posture.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.251-260
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to adjust the craniovertebral angle and shoulder alignment through shoulder and abdominal stabilization exercises in adults with a forward head posture. Methods: The study participants were 29 adults with a forward head posture, and they were randomly divided into the following groups: 14 participants in a combined exercise group that used shoulder and abdominal stabilization exercises and 15 participants in a shoulder exercise group that used just shoulder stabilization exercises. The participants performed the stabilization exercises for 30 minutes per day, three times a week for five weeks. Results: There were significant differences in the craniovertebral angle after intervention in the shoulder stabilization exercise group (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in the craniovertebral angle and location of the right root of the spine and both inferior angles before and after intervention in the shoulder and abdominal stabilization exercise group (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the location of the right root of the spine and the left inferior angle between the groups at the post-test (p < 0.05), and there was a larger change in the shoulder and abdominal stabilization exercise group. Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the craniovertebral angle and a partially significant difference in shoulder alignment before and after intervention in both groups.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of the contact-relax (CR) intervention on pelvic alignment in subjects with habitual poor posture. Methods: Fifteen subjects who have habitual poor posture participated in this study. The subjects received an intervention inducing pelvic posterior depression with the elevated pelvic side. Pre- and post-intervention, and two weeks after intervention, the pelvic alignment was measured with a palpation meter (PALM) and a three-dimensional diagnostic imaging system. Results: Measuring with PALM, the pelvic height and anterior tilt angle were significantly decreased immediately after and were still decreased two weeks after intervention, compared to the pre-measurement (p<0.05). Three-dimensional pelvic alignment was also significantly different between measurement points, while the pelvic position (pelvic lateral tilt) was significantly decreased after intervention (p<0.05). Conclusion: By applying the intervention generating CR on an elevated pelvis, frontal pelvic alignment can be improved.