• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.121-121
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• 2017

오늘날 시장에 유통되는 버섯은 대부분 환경이 조절되는 시설 내부에서 재배된다. 버섯은 다른 식물과 달리 버섯의 종류, 품종 등에 따라 요구되는 환경이 매우 다르다. 특히 대부분의 버섯은 버섯이 생육되는 공간의 온도, 수분, 이산화탄소, 조도 등의 관리가 필수적이다. 버섯의 단위면적당 생산량을 극대화하기 위해서는 이들 버섯이 필요로 하는 환경을 버섯의 생육특성에 따라 적합하게 유지해 주어야만 한다. 현재 대부분의 버섯재배사에는 이들 환경을 컨트롤하는 장치가 설치되어 있고, 이들 시스템의 환경 설정은 농업인이 현장에서 버섯의 상태를 확인 한 후 그때그때 경험에 의해 채득한 정보를 기반으로 환경설정을 하고 있는 실정이다. 이렇다 보니 버섯을 재배하는 기간에는 농업인이 재배사 내부의 환경을 관리하기 위해서 항상 버섯재배사에 머물러야 하고, 재배사의 환경관리 때문에 원거리 또는 장기 출타가 어려운 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 기존에 사람이 버섯재배 현장에서 컨트롤하던 환경관리를 원격에서 컴퓨터 또는 모바일로 구현할 수 있는 시스템을 개발하였다. 시스템에서 모니터링 및 제어하는 환경은 온도, 습도, 이산화탄소, 배기팬 및 입기팬의 가동 등 버섯재배 환경관리에 필요한 모든 요소를 모니터링 및 관리할 수 있도록 하였다. 이들 관리 요소는 인터넷이 연결된 컴퓨터에 접속하여 버섯재배사의 환경을 실시간으로 모니터링 하고 필요에 따라 제어를 할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 컴퓨터에서 볼 수 있는 환경을 스마트폰을 통해서도 볼 수 있고 또한 제어할 수 있도록 하였다. 그리고 버섯배지를 입상 한 후부터 수확시기까지의 관리 환경을 데이터베이스로 만들어 농민이 버섯배지를 입상하고 데이터베이스와 연동한 제어가 되도록 설정하면 버섯재배사 내부의 환경은 데이터베이스의 정보를 읽어 들여 버섯의 생육단계에 따라 자동으로 내부환경이 제어되도록 하였다. 또한 농업인이 원격에서 버섯재배사 내부 버섯의 생육상황을 모니터링 할 수 있도록 재배사 상부에 CCD 카메라를 달아 실시간으로 버섯의 생육상활을 모니터링 할 수 있도록 구성하였다. 이와 같은 시스템을 사용하면 버섯재배 경험이 없는 농업인도 경험자와 같은 재배관리가 가능하고 원격에서 재배사 내부환경을 모니터링하고 제어 할 수 있기 때문에 농업인이 재배사에 매여 있지않아도 될 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.265-276
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• 2020

This study was conducted to provide a basis for raising farm income by increasing the yield and extending the cultivation period by creating an environment where crops can be cultivated normally during high temperatures in summer. The maximum cooling load of the multi-span greenhouse with a floor area of 504 ㎡ was found to be 462,609 W, and keeping the greenhouse under 32℃ without shading the greenhouse at a high temperature, it was necessary to fog spray 471.6 L of water per hour. The automatic fog cooling control device was developed to effectively control the fog device, the flow fan, and the light blocking device constituting the fog cooling system. The fog cooling system showed that the temperature of the greenhouse could be lowered by 6℃ than the outside temperature. The relative humidity of the fog-cooled greenhouse was 40-80% during the day, about 20% higher than that of the control greenhouse, and this increase in relative humidity contributed to the growth of cucumbers. The relative humidity of the fog cooling greenhouse during the day was 40-80%, which was about 20% higher than that of the control greenhouse, and this increase in relative humidity contributed to the growth of cucumbers. The yield of cucumbers in the fog-cooled greenhouse was 1.8 times higher in the single-span greenhouse and two times higher in the multi-span greenhouse compared to the control greenhouse.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.45-52
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• 2020

In the paper, we propose a system that measures various agricultural parameters that affect crop yield and monitors location information. According to an analysis by international organizations, 60% of the world's population lives on agriculture. In addition, 11% of the world's soil is used for growing crops. For this reason, agriculture plays an important role in national development. If a problem occurs in agriculture due to weather or environmental problems, it can be a problem for national development. In order to solve these problems, it is important to modernize agriculture using modern IoT technology. It is possible to improve the agricultural environment by applying IoT technology in agriculture to build a smart environment. Through such a smart environment, it is possible to increase the yield of agricultural products, reduce water waste, and prevent overuse of fertilizers. In order to verify the proposed system, an experiment was performed in a soybean cultivation farm. Experimental results showed that using the proposed system, the moisture in the cultivated soil can be automatically maintained at 40%.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.749-754
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• 2021

In order to solve problems such as a decrease in the agricultural population and an aging population, research on agricultural robots is being actively conducted for the purpose of automating various agricultural tasks. The harvesting process is the most labor-intensive process among farm work and this process consumes about 2-3 times more compared to other processes. Since the transport of agricultural crops requires the most labor costs and there is a risk of injury during the operation, automating the transport operation through an agricultural robot can improve safety and significantly improve productivity. Therefore, this paper proposes an agricultural robot that is optimized for farm worksites and capable of autonomous driving.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.79-94
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• 2009

The research project was conducted to develop a paper bagging machine for grape. This technology was aimed to highly reduce a labor for paper bagging in grape and bakery. In agriculture labor and farm population has rapidly decreased since 1980 in Korea so there was so limit in labor. In particular there is highly population in women and old age at rural area and thus labor cost is so high. Therefore a labor saving technology in agricultural sector might be needed to be replaced these old age with mechanical and labor saving tool in agriculture. The following was summarized of the research results for development of a paper bagging machine for grape. 1. Development of a new paper bagging machine for grape - This machine was designed by CATIA VI2/AUTO CAD2000 programme. - A paper bagging machine was mechanically binded a paper bag of grape which should be light and small size. This machine would be designed for women and old age with convenience during bagging work at the field site. - This machine was manufactured with total weight of less than 350g. - An overage bagging operation was more than 99% at the actual field process. - A paper bagging machine was designed with cartridge type which would be easily operated between rows and grape branches under field condition. - The type of cartridge pin was designed as a C-ring type with the length of 500mm which was good for bagging both grape and bakery. - In particular this machine was developed to easily operated among vines of the grape trees. 2. Field trials of a paper bagging machine in grape - There was high in grape quality as compared to the untreated control at the application of paper bagging machine. - The efficiency of paper bagging machine was 102% which was alternative tool for the conventional. - The roll pin of paper bagging machine was good with 5.3cm in terms of bagging precision. - There was no in grape quality between the paper bagging machine and the conventional method. - Disease infection and grape break was not in difference both treatments.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.191-201
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• 2011

Soybean has widely grown for its edible bean which has numerous uses. Microwave remote sensing has a great potential over the conventional remote sensing with the visible and infrared spectra due to its all-weather day-and-night imaging capabilities. In this investigation, a ground-based polarimetric scatterometer operating at multiple frequencies was used to continuously monitor the crop conditions of a soybean field. Polarimetric backscatter data at L, C, and X-bands were acquired every 10 minutes on the microwave observations at various soybean stages. The polarimetric scatterometer consists of a vector network analyzer, a microwave switch, radio frequency cables, power unit and a personal computer. The polarimetric scatterometer components were installed inside an air-conditioned shelter to maintain constant temperature and humidity during the data acquisition period. The backscattering coefficients were calculated from the measured data at incidence angle $40^{\circ}$ and full polarization (HH, VV, HV, VH) by applying the radar equation. The soybean growth data such as leaf area index (LAI), plant height, fresh and dry weight, vegetation water content and pod weight were measured periodically throughout the growth season. We measured the temporal variations of backscattering coefficients of the soybean crop at L, C, and X-bands during a soybean growth period. In the three bands, VV-polarized backscattering coefficients were higher than HH-polarized backscattering coefficients until mid-June, and thereafter HH-polarized backscattering coefficients were higher than VV-, HV-polarized back scattering coefficients. However, the cross-over stage (HH > VV) was different for each frequency: DOY 200 for L-band and DOY 210 for both C and X-bands. The temporal trend of the backscattering coefficients for all bands agreed with the soybean growth data such as LAI, dry weight and plant height; i.e., increased until about DOY 271 and decreased afterward. We plotted the relationship between the backscattering coefficients with three bands and soybean growth parameters. The growth parameters were highly correlated with HH-polarization at L-band (over r=0.92).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.173-181
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• 2015

Fluxes of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) were measured above crop canopy using the Eddy Covariance (EC) method, and emission rate of methane ($CH_4$) was measured using Automatic Open/Close Chamber (AOCC) method during the 2012-2013 barley and rice growing season in a barley-rice double cropping field of Gimje, Korea. The net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of $CO_2$ in the paddy field was analyzed to be affected by crop growth (biomass, LAI, etc.) and environment (air temperature, solar radiation, etc.) factors. On the other hand, the emission rate of $CH_4$ was estimated to be affected by water management (soil condition). NEE of $CO_2$ in barley, rice and fallow period was -100.2, -374.1 and $+41.2g\;C\;m^{-2}$, respectively, and $CH_4$ emission in barley and rice period was 0.2 and $17.3g\;C\;m^{-2}$, respectively. When considering only $CO_2$, the barley-rice double cropping ecosystem was estimated as a carbon sink ($-433.0g\;C\;m^{-2}$). However, after considering the harvested crop biomass ($+600.3g\;C\;m^{-2}$) and $CH_4$ emission ($+17.5g\;C\;m^{-2}$), it turned into a carbon source ($+184.7g\;C\;m^{-2}$).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.142-142
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 파프리카를 자동 수확하기 위한 시스템 개발의 일환으로 파프리카 재배환경에서 획득한 영상 내에 존재하는 파프리카 영역과 비 파프리카 영역의 RGB 정보를 입력으로 하는 인공신경망을 설계하고 학습을 수행하고자 하였다. 학습된 신경망을 이용하여 영상 내 파프리카 영역과 비 파프리카 영역의 구분이 가능 할 것으로 사료된다. 심층 신경망을 설계하기 위하여 MS Visual studio 2015의 C++, MFC와 Python 및 TensorFlow를 사용하였다. 먼저, 심층 신경망은 입력층과 출력층, 그리고 은닉층 8개를 가지는 형태로 입력 뉴런 3개, 출력 뉴런 4개, 각 은닉층의 뉴런은 5개로 설계하였다. 일반적으로 심층 신경망에서는 은닉층이 깊을수록 적은 입력으로 좋은 학습 결과를 기대 할 수 있지만 소요되는 시간이 길고 오버 피팅이 일어날 가능성이 높아진다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 소요시간을 줄이기 위하여 Xavier 초기화를 사용하였으며, 오버 피팅을 줄이기 위하여 ReLU 함수를 활성화 함수로 사용하였다. 파프리카 재배환경에서 획득한 영상에서 파프리카 영역과 비 파프리카 영역의 RGB 정보를 추출하여 학습의 입력으로 하고 기대 출력으로 붉은색 파프리카의 경우 [0 0 1], 노란색 파프리카의 경우 [0 1 0], 비 파프리카 영역의 경우 [1 0 0]으로 하는 형태로 3538개의 학습 셋을 만들었다. 학습 후 학습 결과를 평가하기 위하여 30개의 테스트 셋을 사용하였다. 학습 셋을 이용하여 학습을 수행하기 위해 학습률을 변경하면서 학습 결과를 확인하였다. 학습률을 0.01 이상으로 설정한 경우 학습이 이루어지지 않았다. 이는 학습률에 의해 결정되는 가중치의 변화량이 너무 커서 비용 함수의 결과가 0에 수렴하지 않고 발산하는 경향에 의한 것으로 사료된다. 학습률을 0.005, 0.001로 설정 한 경우 학습에 성공하였다. 학습률 0.005의 경우 학습 횟수 3146회, 소요시간 20.48초, 학습 정확도 99.77%, 테스트 정확도 100%였으며, 학습률 0.001의 경우 학습 횟수 38931회, 소요시간 181.39초, 학습 정확도 99.95%, 테스트 정확도 100%였다. 학습률이 작을수록 더욱 정확한 학습이 가능하지만 소요되는 시간이 크고 국부 최소점에 빠질 확률이 높았다. 학습률이 큰 경우 학습 소요 시간이 줄어드는 반면 학습 과정에서 비용이 발산하여 학습이 이루어지지 않는 경우가 많음을 확인 하였다.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.118-123
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• 2017

This study was carried out to develop the technology to manage the growth of mushrooms, which were cultivated based on long-term information obtained from quantified data. In this study, hardware that monitored and controlled the growth environment of the mushroom cultivation house was developed. An algorithm was also developed to grow mushrooms automatically. Environmental management for the growth of mushrooms was carried out using cultivation sites, computers, and smart phones. To manage the environment of the mushroom cultivation house, the environmental management data from farmers cultivating the highest quality mushrooms in Korea were collected and a growth management database was created. On the basis of the database value, the management environment for the test cultivar (hukthali) was controlled at $0.5^{\circ}C$ with 3-7% relative humidity and 10% carbon dioxide concentration. As a result, it was possible to produce mushrooms that were almost similar to those cultivated in farms with the best available technology.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.25-38
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• 2021

The aim of this study is to protect workers and pedestrians from accidents at night or bad weather by attaching optical fiber to existing safety clothing that is made only with fluorescent fabrics and retroreflective materials. A safety vest was designed and manufactured by applying optical fiber, and energy-harvesting technology was developed. The safety vest was designed to emit light using the automatic flashing of optical fibers attached to the film, and an energy harvester was manufactured and attached to drive the light emission of the optical fiber more continuously. As a result, first, the vest wearer' body was recognized from a distance through the optical fiber and retroreflection, which helped prevent accidents. Thus, this concept helps in saving lives by preventing accidents during night-time work on the roadside or activities of rescue crew and sports activities, or by quickly finding the point of an accident with a signal that changes the optical fiber light emission. Second, to use the wasted energy, a piezoelectric-element power generation system was developed and the piezoelectric-harvesting device was mounted. Potentially, energy was efficiently produced by activating the effective charging amount of the battery part and charging it auxiliary. In the existing safety vest, detecting the person wearing the vest is almost impossible in the absence of ambient light. However, in this study, the wearer could be found within 100 m by the light emission from the safety vest even with no ambient light. Therefore, in this study, we will help in preventing and reducing accidents by developing smart safety clothing using optical fiber and energy harvester attached to save lives.