• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.1043-1058
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• 1990

The Strain rate effect in electro-magnetic forming, which is one of the high velocity forming methods, is studied by the finite element method in this paper. The forming process is simplified by neglecting the coupling between magnetic field and work-piece deformation, and the impulsive magnetic pressure is regarded as inner pressure load. A rate-dependent elasto-plastic material model, of which tangential modulus depends of effective strain rate, is proposed. The model is shown to well describe the transient increase of yield stresses, the decreases of the final displacement and yield stress, the decrease of the difference in the distribution of deformation along the axial direction, and the change of deformation mechanism due to strain rate effect. As a result, displacement, final deformed shape, radial velocity, deformation energy, and the changes of effective stress, effective strain and effective strain rate through plastic working are given. Based on the results, the effectiveness of this model and the strain rate effect of the deformation process of the work-piece are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1214-1220
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• 2012

Vibration assisted cutting (VAC) is one of the promising methods for precision machining, which has been normally equipped with piezoelectric materials. In this paper, a feasibility of applying magnetostrictive materials to VAC as a cutting device instead of piezoelectric materials was studied. For this, the vibrational characteristics of a magnetostrictive material was investigated with respect to a coil design, a preload, and the effects of a biasing and an exciting magnetic fields. The output strain of a magnetostrictive material is restricted due to an increasing inductive impedance as the exciting frequency increases and the heat of coil, etc. Through the experimental results, it was found that the biasing and the exciting magnetic field affected the output performance significantly but not the preload. In conclusion, the magnetostrictive material could be used only in the low frequency range but not a good candidate for high frequency actuating application.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.483-490
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• 2015

This paper presents a proof-of-concept of a wheel-based magnetostrictive energy harvester (EH), which is a vibration-based EH. Coil-wound Galfenol cantilevers with two permanent magnets (PMs) act EH, while rotating wheels provide a forced vibration to EH. Four different cantilevers are designed and simulated for various end deflection. As expected from the simulation, the cantilever end deflection with triple cavity is the most. Three experiments are conducted to characterize the EH: the first with a magnetostrictive actuator, the second with a motor-driven wheel, and the third with the dummy weights. From the first experiment, the power reaches about 50 mV due to the relatively small displacement of the magnetostrictive actuator. From the second experiment, the power reaches about 120 mW. The power from the Galfenol cantilever is estimated to be about 60% of the total power from the wheel-based magnetostrictive EH.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.283-285
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 기존 광 스위치의 기계적 거동 방법과 달리 유체 자체의 거동만으로 광 진행을 차단시킬 수 있는 광 스위치를 제작하였다. 본 연구에서 광의 진행을 차단시키기 위해 사용한 자성 유체란 자성 재료로써 자기 특성과 액체의 유동성을 갖고 있으며, 자기장에 즉각 반응하여 자기장 인가시 고체와 같은 형태를 갖게 된다. 한편, 기존 광 스위치에서 빛의 방향을 변화시키는 스위칭의 원리로 대부분 마이크로 미러의 구동 기술이 사용되고 있다. 그러나 이 방식은 기계적인 거동에 의한 마모와 Crack 등이 발생할 수 있는 단점이 있으며, 마모와 Crack의 단점을 극복하기 위해, 본 연구에서는 포화 자화도가 600G인 자성 유체의 유극 거동을 이용하여 기계적 거동에 의한 문제점을 개선하는데 목적을 두었다. 또한 실험적으로 영구 자석을 이용하려 광 스위칭작용과 광 스위치로의 적용가능성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.527-533
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• 1999

Hertzian indentation tests with spherical indenters in water were conducted to examine the contact fatigue in three dental ceramics, such as feldspathic porcelain, micaceous glass-ceramic (MGC) and glass-infiltrated alumina, which was used as dental restorations, and evaluated the effect of contact damage on strength. Initial damage was dependent of microstructure, showing cone cracks of brittle behavior in the feldspathic porcelain and deformation of quasi-plastic behavior in the MGC, with an intermediate case in the glass-infiltrated alumina. However, as increasing the number of cyclic loading (n=1~n =$10^6$)all materials showed an abrupt strength degradation, at which fracture was originated from damage in the contact fatigue. There were two strength degradation with increasing the number of cyclic loading in specific loads (200N, 500N, 1000N):first was from the cone cracks, and second was from the radial cracks created by cyclic loading. The radial cracks, once formed, led to rapid degradation in strength properties, Finally the material was failed at the high number of cyclic loading. Strength degradation with indentation load at fixed number of cyclic loading indicated that the feldspathic porcelain should be highly damage tolerant to the contact fatigue.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.405-413
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• 2017

In this paper, we study the biaxial buckling analysis of nonlocal MEE(magneto-electro-elastic) nano plates based on the first-order shear deformation theory. The in-plane electric and magnetic fields can be ignored for MEE(magneto-electro-elastic) nano plates. According to magneto-electric boundary condition and Maxwell equation, the variation of magnetic and electric potentials along the thickness direction of the MME plate is determined. In order to reformulate the elastic theory of MEE(magneto-electro-elastic) nano-plate, the nonlocal differential constitutive relations of Eringen is used. Using the variational principle, the governing equations of the nonlocal theory are discussed. The relations between nonlocal and local theories are investigated by computational results. Also, the effects of nonlocal parameters, in-plane load directions, and aspect ratio on structural responses are studied. Computational results show the effects of the electric and magnetic potentials. These computational results can be useful in the design and analysis of advanced structures constructed from MEE(magneto-electro-elastic) materials and may be the benchmark test for the future study.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.49.2-49.2
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• 2009

최근, 플루이딕스칩 제작에 있어서 가격이 저렴하며 구조물 형성이 쉽다는 장점으로 인하여 유리 기판을 플라스틱 기판으로 대체하려는 연구가 많이 진행하고 있다. 하지만 플라스틱 기판은 유리 기판에 비하여 많은 장점을 갖고 있음에도 불구하고, 기판 표면이 소수성이기 때문에 유체의 흐름을 저하시키는 문제점이 있다. 기존의 플라스틱 기판을 친수성으로 개질하는 방법으로는 화학적처리, 자외선 조사, 산소플라즈마 처리 등의 방법이 있었으나, 화학적처리 방법은 공정의 민감성과 폐기물로 인한 양산적용의 한계가 있고, 자외선 조사법 및 산소 플라즈마 처리는 친수성이 영구적이지 않다는 결정적인 문제점이 있다. 이는 플라스틱 플루이딕스칩의 신뢰도를 크게 저해하여 상용화에 큰 문제점으로 작용한다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위한 새로운 방법의 친수성 표면처리가 요구되어 지고 있다. 본 연구에서는, 기존 플라스틱 기판의 친수성 표면처리 방법들의 문제점들을 개선하고자 플라스틱 기판의 변형을 야기하지 않는 저온 PE-CVD 방식을 이용하여 균질한 두께의 $SiO_2$박막을 형성 하였으며, 형성된 박막을 liquid self-assembled monolayer(L-SAM)방식을 이용하여 아민 표면으로 개질하였다. 이를 통해, 플라스틱 채널 상에서 유체의 원활한 흐름, 형성된 아민 표면에 단백질 및 DNA와 같은 생체 물질 고정화의 용이성 및 영구적 표면개질의 특성을 얻을 수 있었다. 이뿐만 아니라, 플라스틱 기판 외에도 재료에 관계없이 모든 물질의 표면을 생체 안정성이 뛰어난 친수성 표면으로 개질 할 수 있으며, 알데히드 및 카르복시산 등의 다양한 작용기로 변형이 쉽다는 장점이 있다. 개질된 친수성 표면의 평가를 위하여 시간에 따른 접 촉각 및 형광 스캐너(Fluorescence Scanner)를 이용하여 영구적인 친수성 특성 및 생체물질 적합성을 파악하였다. 또한, L-SAM 조건에 따른 아민의 형성정도를 측정하기 위하여 XPS(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) 분석을 실시 하였다. 최적화된 표면처리를 실제 플라스틱 플루이딕스칩에 적용하여, 유체의 흐름을 관찰 하였다.

• Composites Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.21-26
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• 2007

This paper summarizes the design procedure and constructibility of an ECC (Engineered Cementitious Composite), which is a synthetic fiber-reinforced composite produced with the Portland cement-based mortar matrix. This study employs a stepwise method to develop useful ECC in construction field, which possesses different fluid properties to facilitate diverse types of processing (i.e., self-consolidating or spray processing). To control the rheological properties of the composite, the aggregates and reinforcing fibers were initially selected based on micromechanical analysis and steady-state cracking theory. The stability and consequent viscosity of the suspensions were then mediated by optimizing the dosage of the chemical and mineral admixtures. The rheological properties altered through this approach were revealed to be effective in obtaining ECC-hardened properties, represented by pseudo strain-hardening behavior in uniaxial tension, allowing the readily achievement of the desired function of the fresh ECC.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 2012

In order to improve the dimensional stability and mechanical performance of cement-based composites, the effect of an expansive admixture based on calcium sulphoaluminate (CSA) on the shrinkage and mechanical properties of strain-hardening cement-based composite (SHCC), which exhibits multiple cracks and pseudo strain-hardening behavior in the direct tension, is investigated. Polyethylene fibers reinforced SHCC mixtures with three levels (30, 70, and 100MPa) of compressive strength were compared through free shrinkage, compressive strength, flexural strength, and direct tensile strength measurements. The SHCC mixtures were cast with and without replacing 10% of Portland cement content with CSA admixture. According to test results, CSA admixture is effective in reducing shrinkage of SHCC material. SHCC mixture with CSA admixture exhibited a little higher strength than companion mixture without CSA admixture.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.444-450
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• 1997

기계적합금화 한 AI-Ti합금의 상온 및 고온 인장강도는 25at.% Ti을 Ce으로 치환함에 따라 증가하였다. 그러나 25at.% 이상의 Ce첨가는 합금의 인장강도를 감소시켰다. 이는 Ce이 적은 고용도 효과에 의해 금속간화합물의 초대화를 억제하여 합금의 강도를 증가시키지만 다량 첨가시에는 Ti에 비해 무거운 원자량으로 인해 분산상의 부피분율을 감소시켜 합금의 강도가 오히려 저하시킨 것으로 생각된다. Ce의 첨가는 40$0^{\circ}C$와 51$0^{\circ}C$에서 합금의 열저안정성을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 300-51$0^{\circ}C$ 온도범위에서 측정된 AI-8wt.%(Ti+Ce)합금의 변형에 필요한 활성화에너지는 AI의 자기확산에 필요한 에너지 (142kJ/mode)의 1.3-1.9배로 나타났다. 이로부터 AI-Ti-Ce 합금의 고온 변형은 Orowan기구에 의한 것을 생각된다.