• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2013.07a
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• pp.359-360
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 외부 자극과 내적인 교감신경의 변화에 따라 나타나는 땀 반응으로 얻어진 생체신호를 다루었다. 즉, 땀 반응을 지칭하는 피부전도도를 측정할 수 있는 시스템과, 더불어 차량 운전시 혹은 운동 등의 동적 자극에 의한 영향을 최소화하여 교감신경에 의한 피부전도도의 신뢰도를 높일 수 있는 방안을 강구하였다. 기존의 두 개의 전극 간 리지스턴스(Resistance)를 측정하는 방식을 내부에서 분리된 한 개의 전극을 사용하여 신체적 움직임의 제한점을 해소하고 피부전도도로 나타난 생체신호가 외적인 움직임에 따른 영향인지 내적인 신경의 변화에 따른 영향인지를 추정할 수 있는 모듈을 개발하였다. 20명의 건강한 청년을 대상으로 피실험하여 기존의 생체신호 측정 장비인 MP-150의 EDA모듈과 동시 측정한 결과, 두 데이터가 약 88% 일치하는 것으로 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.55-60
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• 2000

연속재인과제에서 자극을 즉각적으로 반복 제시하거나 지연 반복 제시할 경우 사건관련전위에 차이가 나타나는지, 만약 차이가 관찰되면 자극 제시 후 어느 시점에서 차이가 두드러지게 나타나는지를 조사하였다. 실험 결과 즉각적 재인이 지연 재인에 비해 더 높은 반응정확율과 더 빠른 반응시간을 보였고 사건관련전위에서는 P300의 진폭이 더 컸고 잠재시간도 더 빨랐다. 그리고 지연재인에서 관찰되는 N400이 즉각적 재인에서는 나타나지 않았다. 지연재인에 비해 즉각적 재인에서 P300의 진폭이 더 크고 잠재시간이 더 빠르게 나타난 것은 P300이 template matching을 통한 정보처리 과정을 반영해 준다는 주장을 지지해 준다. 즉 즉각적 재인에서는 지연 재인에 비해 template matching이 훨씬 더 정확하고 빨리 일어나며 이 결과 P300의 진폭이 커지고 잠재시간이 더 빨라진 것으로 이해된다. 즉각적 재인에서는 방금 제시된 자극(시간 간격은 2초)을 재인하기 때문에 기억의 탐색 과정이 요구되지 않는 반면 5개의 간섭 단어 후에 반복 제시되는 단어를 재인하는 지연 재인에서는 단어에 대한 탐색 과정이 필요하며, 이에 따라 N400이 초래된 것으로 여겨진다. 이 결과는 N400이 기억 탐색 과정을 반영한다는 주장을 지지해 준다. 사건관련 전위에서 즉각적 재인과 지연 재인의 차이는 자극 제시 300ms에서 450ms사이에 가장 두드러지게 나타났다.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.186-201
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• 2002

Fructan(Levan)은 식물체 및 미생물에서 발견되는 탄수화물로 이는 과당(fructose)이 $\beta$-2, 6 결합으로 연결되어 있는 polysaccaride 이다. 본 연구에서는 Fructan을 생성하는 미생물(Zymomonas mobilis)과 10% sucrose(기질), 1-2% 효모 추출물을 주성분으로 하는 배지를 사용하여 30-37$^{\circ}C$, pH 5.0-7.0에서 20-24시간 동안 배양한후 원심분리하여 균체를 제거하고 3배량의 알코올을 가하여 침전, 건조하여 얻은 Fructan의 화장품 원료로서의 가능성을 조사하였다. 보습효과에 있어서는 Hyaluronic acid와 유사하였으며, keratinocyte에 대한 세포증식 효과를 나타내었다. 또한 3-D culture에 의해 구축된 생인공 피부내에 0.05%의 sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)를 사용하여 피부자극에 의한 초기 염증 반응을 유도한후 0.01mg/m1, 0.05mg/m1의 Fructan을 각각 처리하였을 때, SLS만을 처리한 생인공피부와 비교하여 세포증식효능을 보였고, SLS 자극물질로 유도된 전염증성 조절인자인 interleukin-l$\alpha$(IL-l$\alpha$)의 분비량을 조사 하였을때 0.01mg/ml, 0.05mg/ml의 Fructan을 처리한 생인공피부의 IL-l$\alpha$ 양이 Fructan을 처리하지 않은 것보다 상대적으로 감소하였다. 이러한 결과로 Fructan이 생인공 피부내 피부 세포의 증식효과를 나타낼 뿐만 아니라, 또한 피부자극물질에 의한 염증반응에 대해 자극완화효능이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 섬유아세포 및 동물을 이용한 안전성 시험에서도 독성이 없는 안전한 원료로 평가되었다.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 2001

Stress has been linked to the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of various psychiatric illnesses. Over the past few years, our understanding of the brain and neuroendocrine systems that are linked to stress responses has increased enormously. This article reviews a series of animal and human studies to understand what are the central pathways by which stress is perceived, processed, and transduced into a neuroendocrine response. We focus on the limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(LHPA) axis and several neurotransmitter systems such as norepinephrine, CRF, serotonin, acetylcholine, and dopamine. LHPA stress circuit is a complex system with multiple control mechanisms which are altered in pathological states. CRF and related peptides in the central nervous system appear to enhance behavioral responses to stressors. Norepinephrine systems are also activated by stressors and cause the release of catecholamines from the autonomic nervous system. CRF-norepinephrine interaction makes a feed-forward system which may be important for an organism to mobilize not only the pituitary system but also the central nervous system, in response to environmental challenges. The interactions among several neurotransmitters and endocrine systems appear to play key roles in mediating various behavioral and psychological stress responses involving abnormal responses to stressors such as anxiety and affective disorders.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 1985

It is important to minimize the electric power consumption to stimulate the marine fish, for the much electric power consumption is required to induce the response. The experiment was made to find out the threshold value for the electrotaxis or electronarcosis on amber fish, Seriola aureovitta(TEMMINCK et SCHLEGEL). The impulse rate and width which minimize the electric power consumption were examined. The experiment was carried out in the acryl tank(49W$\times$175L$\times$50Hcm) which is equipped with the two electrodes. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The electric power consumption which is required to induce the electorates and electronarcosis is tended to decrease as the lower impulse rate. 2) The mean electric power consumption for the electronarcosis is about 4.5~10 times of the electrotaxis. 3) The impulse width which minimize the electric power consumption is 0.5msec.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2001

Human arousal represents one of human emotion dimension. Its effort on human performance has been generally accepted at a invert-cup trend. h optimal range of human arousal enhances human performance However, definition of arousal is not Vet clear. Human arousal has different types depending on the causes. This paper observes different reponses based on different arousals such as cognitive arousal and physical arousal. Twenty undergraduate students participated and experienced cognitive and physical arousals. Their physiological response were analyzed and differentiated between cognitive and physical arousal. Finally, significant difference between them are not shown in autonomic responses but in central nervous responses.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.15-24
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• 2024

Previous studies on texture and emotion have focused on identifying precisely which tactile stimuli trigger specific emotions. Despite the significant role of vision in tactile perception, research has so far only focused on the singular aspect of texture. In this study, we used tactile stimuli to investigate the effects of three variables-roughness, hardness, and visual blocking-on the affective responses to tactile perception. The experimental stimuli that can be encountered in daily life were selected based on the four conditions of "rough/hard," "rough/soft," "smooth/hard" and "smooth/soft" by crossing two roughness conditions (rough, smooth) and two hardness conditions (hard, soft). The experiment was divided into two sessions depending on whether or not visual blocking existed. Participants completed a session in which they evaluated a tactile stimulus after touching it without seeing it and then proceeded with a session in which they evaluated a stimulus after touching it with sight of it. The results of the repeated-measures ANOVA showed that individuals reported a more positive perception when touching stimuli with visual cues and more negative when touching stimuli without visual cues. Furthermore, the inclination to perceive smooth and soft stimuli more positively and rough stimuli more negatively was stronger when touching without visual cues. The results of this study suggest implications for enhancing the understanding of the interaction between emotion and visual information processing by elucidating how emotions are experienced differently in situations where visual information is provided and where it is not.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.279-282
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• 2002

자율신경계 반응은 인간의 각성을 측정하는 변수가 될 수 있다(황민철 외, 2001). 본 연구에서는 자율신경계 반응만으로 인간의 2차원 감성 분류를 할 수 있는지를 살펴보았다. 5명의 피험자에게 대중가요나 효과음 등과 같은 다양한 청각자극을 제시하여 감성을 유발한 후, 자율신경계의 반응을 3가지 생리신호(GSR, SKT, PPG)를 통해 측정하여 반응 패턴을 분석하였다. 결과적으로, 자율신경계 반응 패턴은 각성/이완뿐만 아니라 쾌/불쾌간 감성 구분의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.18 no.2 s.92
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• pp.267-274
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• 2006

Greenhouse gas reduction will be highlighted as the most pending question in the cement industry in future because the production of Portland cement not only consumes limestone, clay, coal, and electricity, but also release waste gases such as $CO_2,\;SO_3$, and NOX, which can contribute to the greenhouse effect and acid rain. To meet the increase of cement demand and simultaneously comply with the Kyoto Protocol, cement that gives less $CO_2$ discharge should be urgently developed. This study aims to manufacture non-sintering cement(NSC) by adding phosphogypsum(PG) and waste lime(WL) to granulated blast furnace slag(GBFS) as sulfate and alkali activators. This study also Investigates the hydration reaction of NSC through analysis of scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), differential thermal analysis(DTA), and pH. Results obtained from analysis of the hydrate have shown that the glassy films of GBFS are destroyed by the activation of alkali and sulfate, ions eluted from the inside of GBFS react with PG and produce ettringite, and consequently the remaining component in GBFS slowly produced C-5-H(I) gel. Here, PG is considered not only to play the role of simple activator, but also to work as a binder reacting with GBFS.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.147-156
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• 2011

Basic emotions such as happiness, sadness, anger, fear, and disgust have been widely used to investigate emotion-specific autonomic nervous system activity in many studies. On the contrary, surprise emotion, Suggested also as one of the basic emotions suggested by Ekman et al. (1983), has been least investigated. The purpose of this study was to provide a description of cardiovascular responses on surprise stimulus using electrocardiograph (ECG) and photoplethysmograph (PPG). ECG and PPG were recorded from 76 undergraduate students, as they were exposed to a visuo-acoustic surprise stimulus. Heart rate (HR), standard deviation of R-R interval (SD-RR), root mean square of successive R-R interval difference (RMSSD-RR), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), finger blood volume pulse amplitude (FBVPA), and finger pulse transit time (FPTT) were calculated before and after the stimulus presentation. Results show significant increase in HR, SD-RR, and RMSSD-RR, decreased FBVPA, and shortened FPTT. Evidence suggests that surprise emotion can be characterized by vasoconstriction and accelerated heart rate, sympathetic activation, and increased heart rate variability, parasympathetic activation. These results can be useful in developing an emotion theory, or profiling surprise-specific physiological responses, as well as establishing the basis for emotion recognition system in human-computer interaction.