• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.283-291
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the levels of depression experienced by clients (N=152) with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(DM), and to compare the levels of self care activity, metabolic control and cardiovascular risk factors between depressed and non-depressed clients. Method: Participants aged 50 and above were conveniently recruited in B city. The levels of depression, self-care activity, metabolic control of glucose and lipids, and cardiovascular risk factors of the participants were measured by using questionnaires and blood tests from November, 2003 to June, 2004. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, Spearman rho and t-test using the SPSS WIN 10.0 program. Result: The prevalence of depression(CES-D=16) among the participants was $44.1\%$. The levels of self-care activities(p=.012), glucose(p=.019), total cholesterol(p=.022), LDL(.007) and cardiovascular risk factors(p=.012) were significantly higher in the depressed group than those in the non-depressed group. Conclusion: Based on the findings, we concluded that many DM patients experience depression and the depression of type 2 DM clients is significantly related with self care activities, diabetic control, and cardiovascular complications. However, this study did not address causality among these variables. Therefore, further research, such as a longitudinal cohort study, is needed to identify causality among these variables.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.45-45
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• 2001

종이 표변에 전분 사이징을 하는 목적은 종이가 액체에 대하여 침투저항성을 부여하 여 종이의 인쇄적성을 향상시키며 아울랴 종이의 표면적성과 종이강도 등의 물리적 특 성을 향상시키기 위해서 사용된다. 표면 사이징은 기본적으로 종이 표면에 전분을 이용 한 필름을 형성하여 종이 표면의 공극크기를 줄여 인쇄잉크 등과 같은 액체의 침투속 도를 늦여준다. 현재 국내에서 널리 사용되는 표면 사이징용 전분으로는 산화전분과 자 가변성용 일반전분이 있다. 자가변성용 전분은 효소나 APS로 전분의 chain 길이를 적 당한 점도로 잘라주는 것으로 전분 호액의 노화가 쉽게 일어나는 경향이 있다. 산화전 분은 전분회사에서 산화제를 이용하여 전분의 점도를 사용자의 요구에 따라 조절한 것 으로 water holdout이 개선되고 자가변성용 전분보다는 노화 안정성이 개선되지만 종 이 내부로의 칩투가 많이 일어나 전분 필름 강도가 약해지며 표면 강도 향상 효과가 적고 종이의 광학적 특성을 저하시키는 단점을 지니고 있다. 또한 약 10 ~ 20% 정도 사 용되는 파지의 재활용시 펄프 섬유에 흡착되지 않는 전분으로 인해 백수 내의 COD 및 B BOD를 증가시키는 원인이 된다.따라서 본 연구에서는 펄프 섬유와 친화력이 높아 지료 내첨용 지력증강제로 널리 사용되고 있는 양성 전분의 양이온 치환도 및 점도를 사이즈 프레스에 적합하게 조절 하여 백상지 제조업체의 라언에 적용하였다. 결과분석 항목으로는 파지 재활용에 따른 백수내 COD, 칼숨 이온함량 등의 백수 시스템의 변화와 종이의 물리적, 광학적 특성 및 ink jet 용지의 인쇄적성 등을 측정하여 산화전분과 비교하였다. 그 결과 약 20%의 C COD 감소 효과와 10%정도의 OPR 향상 효과를 얻을 수 있었다. 종이 물성의 경우 인 장강도와 뺏뺏이(stiffness) 및 지분 등을 측정한 결과 산화전분 보다 향상되었다. 특히 지분의 경우, 참여한 회사의 지분관련 complain이 약 80% 정도 감소하는 결과를 나타 내었다. 또한 백상지의 경우 ink jet 프린터에 많이 사용됨으로 ink jet 프린터의 인쇄 적성을 image analyzer로 측정한 결과 산화전분 보다 향상된 결과를 나타내었다.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.242-252
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to explore self management of pain by folk remedies in patient with chronic arthritis. The participant of this study were 90 volunteers who were visit C hospital and who want to counsel with researcher for their pain control by convenient sampling method. The results of this study were summarized as follows : The subjects were the 90 patients who had been diagnosed rehumatoid arthritis(52.5%)and osteoarthritis(47.8). 93.3% of participants were women. Mean age of participants was 53.7 and duration of arthritis was 7 years. Mean pain score was 5.5cm. Eighty five kinds of folk remedies were used for pain management. The mean cost for folk remedies was 3,723,207 won and the patients with rheumatoid arthritis paid to folk remedies as much as 3 times. The perceived effect score of pain management by folk remedies was 2.932(the range of perceived effect score were 0-10cm). Percentage of discontinue to use folk remedies was 82.8% and the major reason of discontinue to use folk remedies was no effect to pain control(50.4%). Some participants(30.5%) were experienced side effect such as exacerbation of pain(50.5%). In conculusion, chronic arthritis patients have been experienced various kind of folk remedies for the management of their pain. But the effect of pain control was very low. The important weakness of folk remedies were economical waste and loss of opportunity to treatment for arthritis. The nurse who care for arthritis should be teach about weakness of folk remedies for their pain control to the patients with arthritis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.670-675
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• 2010

Autoimmune regulator gene (Aire) is expressed in the thymus and controls the expression of peripheral self-antigens, known as promiscuous genes. Aire and promiscuous genes are involved in T cell tolerance and autoimmunity in the thymus. Here, we identified Aire-expressing fibroblastic reticular cell (FRC), which was derived from mouse lymph node and also expressed in insulin promiscuous antigen. The expression of insulin was increased in cultured FRC over-expressed with Aire. These data suggest that Aire regulates promiscuous gene expression in FRC, and that this function might be under peripheral selection control.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2016

It has been generally accepted that obesity and overweight are associated with metabolic diseases and cancer incidence. In fact, obesity increased risks of cancers i.e. breast, liver, pancreatic and prostate. Celastrol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from Thunder god vine, was used as a Chinese traditional medicine for treatment of inflammatory disorders such as arthritis, lupus erythematosus and Alzheimer's disease. Also, celastrol has various biological properties of chemo-preventive, neuro-protective, and anti-oxidant effects. Recent studies demonstrated that celastrol has anti-proliferation effects in different type of obesity-related cancers and suppresses tumor progression and metastasis. Anticancer effects of celastrol include regulation of $NF-{\kappa}B$, heat shock protein, JNK, VEGF, CXCR4, Akt/mTOR, MMP-9 and so on. For these reasons, celastrol has shown to be a promising anti-tumor agent. In this review, we will address the anticancer activities and multiple mechanisms of celastrol in obesity-related cancers.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.771-777
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• 2021

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) were inserted into the human genome millions of years ago but they are currently inactive and non-infectious due to recombinations, deletions, and mutations after insertion into the host genome. Nonetheless, recent studies have shown that HERV-derived elements are actually involved in physiological phenomena and certain diseases including cancers. Among the various physiological phenomena related to HERV-derived elements, it is necessary to focus on inflammatory response. HERV-derived elements have been reported to be directly involved in various inflammatory diseases, including autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Sjogren's syndrome. As a mechanism for regulating inflammation through HERV-derived elements, the possibility that HERV-derived elements may cause nonspecific innate immune processes and that HERV-derived RNA or proteins may cause selective signaling mechanisms through specific receptors can be considered. However, the mechanism through which HERV-derived elements regulate inflammatory response, such as how silent HERV elements are activated in inflammatory response and what factors and signaling mechanisms are involved in HERV-derived elements, have not been identified to date, making it difficult to study the onset of HERV-related inflammatory disease. In this review, we introduce HERV-related autoimmune diseases and propose the mechanisms of HERV-derived elements at the molecular level of HERV in inflammatory response.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.433-442
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• 2014

This study investigated effects of elementary school students' use of smartphone upon not only reading but also self-regulated reading. The subject was 6th year students of elementary school. The study investigated the students by smartphone addict self-diagnosis, reading conditions and self-regulated reading test. The findings were: The students' ownership of smartphone and addiction had influence upon reading quantity, reading time and self-regulated reading, and had no influence upon time of use of smartphone. To help elementary school students make use of smartphone correctly and prevent smartphone addiction, the students should be educated at school and home, and also, proper way to teach students how to read books should be researched in the era of smartphone.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.13-19
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• 2021

In this study, the relationship between R&D investment and firm value was approached from ESG's G(governance) perspective to verify the moderating effect of the corporate governance and ownership structure. To this end, a panel analysis was conducted on a total of 2,825 samples of 405 manufacturing companies listed on the KOSPI market during 2013~2020. The main analysis results are as follows. First of all, we found that R&D investment has a negative impact on firm value, at least in the short term, and that these relationships are moderated by corporate governance and ownership structure. When professional CEO with high level of expertise in business and management does lead R&D investment, the negative impact of R&D investment on firm value is mitigated compared to owner-manager. Also, the stronger the power of outside blockholders, the more transparent the management and disclosure of information, alleviating the information asymmetry between internal and external shareholders, which mitigates the negative impact of R&D investment on firm value. The findings suggest that the factors of ESG may not only have a direct impact on firm value, but also have a moderating effect on firm value.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.18-29
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• 2005

Purpose: Aroma therapy is one modality of alternative medicine. It was well known to have an analgesic, antidepressive and anxiolytic effects. This study is designed to investigate the effect of aroma self hand massage on vital signs, pain, depression, anxiety and stress in breast cancer patients. Methods: 32 female patient over 20 years old were divided into two groups by a non-blinded randomized controlled method. Patient in the aroma group (n=15) massaged their hands twice a day using aroma oil by themselves in their home for 2 weeks. However, those in control group (n=17) had not received my intervention during the study periods. Pain intensity, state anxiety, depression and stress of subjects were evaluated three times (0, 1, 3 weeks) using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS, $0{\sim}10cm$), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Depression Inventory Scales (BDIS), Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument (BEPSI revised edition). Also the change of patients' accompanying symptoms after aroma massage were analyzed using a structured questionnaire. Results: Pain Intensity decreased in the aroma group compared with control group (VAS changes $-0.83{\pm}1.01\;vs\;0.38{\pm}0.86$, P=0.005). The numbers of accompanying symptoms (P=0.044), depression score (P=0.001) and anxiety score (P=0.008) were significantly decreased in the aroma group, while in control group they increased after 2 weeks. However, the stress score showed no significant changes in both groups ($0.05{\pm}0.85\;vs\;0.04{\pm}0.20$, P=0.1519). The depression, anxiety and stress score showed negative correlation with compliance of aroma massage, but statistically no significant. The systolic blood pressure was a little increased in aroma group ($4.53{\pm}14.43\;vs\;0.0{\pm}7.22$, P=0.026), but was not significant clinically. Patients in the aroma group complained of several symptoms such as headache (20%), paresthesia (6.75%) and nausea (6.7%). However, there were no drop-out patients for those side effects. Conclusion: Aroma self massage during two weeks in breast cancer patients alleviates the pain intensity, depression and anxiety significantly.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.125-135
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify pain intensity according to activities over postoperative days and to identify factors of patient satisfaction with pain management after abdominal surgery. Methods: The subjects were 123 patients who were admitted at a general surgical ward and had abdominal surgery from Mar. 2005 to June 2005. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 12.0 program. Results: The average postoperative pain scores were 6.13 at POD 1, 5.46 at POD 2, and 4.22 at POD 3. In stepwise multiple regression analysis a total of 40% of variance in satisfaction with pain management was accounted for by pain intensity on POD 3 at rest (29.4%) and attitude toward using pain medicine (6.6%), and side effects of pain medicine (4.0%). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, patients had inadequate pain management after abdominal surgery. Therefore, nurses need to provide educational programs focused on changing attitudes toward using pain medicine, to reduce side effects of pain medicine, and to develop nursing intervention for relieving pain.