• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2005

To elucidate the roles of phospho-IkB expression in the development and progression of EAE, we investigated the expression of phospho-IkB in the central nervous system (CNS) of rats during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. In Western blot analysis, the increased expression of phospho-IkB went parallel to severity of EAE. The expression of phospho-IkB increased significantly at the peak stage of EAE followed by gradual decrease. Immunohistochemical studies showed that the phospho-IkB immunoreactivity was mainly expressed in inflammatory cells (macrophages, T cells) and glial cells (astrocytes, microglial cells) at the peak stage of EAE and disappeared at the recovery stage. These findings suggest that the phosphorylation of IkB is closely associated with autoimmune inflammation in the CNS and plays an important role in the initiation and progression of EAE.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.65-73
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• 2002

OBJECTIVE: This study was Far infrared(FIR) irradiating to a rat collagen-induced autoimmune arthritis and observed nitric oxide level of spine. METHODS: Type II collagen(CII) in adjuvant was injected into rats on day 0. The results showed that rats injected with CII plus adjuvant had signs of autoimmune arthritis on day 14. Thereafter, Far infrared(FIR) irradiation was begun on day 15. The rats were irradiated FIR twice per day for 20 min each time. RESULTS: Seven days later(Day 22), the level of NO at FIR irradiated group(FRG; Arth+FIR) was decreased more than FIR-non irradiated group(FNRG; Arth). Twenty-one days later(Day 36), the level of NO at FRG was more closed to the control group's NO level than the FNRG. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that Far infrared irradiating appears to reduce the nitric oxide level at a rat model of autoimmune arthritis induced.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.107-112
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• 2024

Objectives : This case report aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of incisional needle therapy in treating facial scars resulting from autoimmune disorder. Methods : A single case of a 29-year-old female patient with facial scars due to systemic sclerosis was treated with incisional needle therapy. The treatment was applied over 14 sessions from February to September 2023. The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated using clinical photographs and the Physician's Global Assessment(PGA). Results : The treatment significantly improved scar appearance and reduced blood vessel visibility. The PGA scores, with an average of 2.66, indicating moderate improvement. Conclusions : Incisional needle therapy demonstrated potential as an effective treatment for scars caused by autoimmune disorders, due to minimal side effects and non-interference with ongoing treatments. It offers a promising alternative to conventional treatments, suggesting a need for further research for wider applications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.2
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• pp.453-458
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• 2020

Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by a high serum concentration of antithyroid antibodies without evidence of cerebral disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in HE patients are nonspecific, although diffuse or focal white matter changes have been reported in several cases. We present a rare case involving a 79-year-old woman with elevated antithyroid antibody levels and abnormal imaging findings similar to meningoencephalitis. Serial MRI initially showed multiple T2 hyperintense lesions with diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement that disappeared after steroid therapy.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.654-658
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• 2002

Purpose : Endocrine and immune systems are connected and interdependent. Adrenal glands play an important role in this network and control the balance between serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate(DHEAS) and cortisol. These steroids have an antagonistic effect on the T cell progression into Th1 and Th2 cells and on the induction of correlated interleukins. Therefore we evaluated the role of adrenal androgen and cortisol as immune modulators in Kawasaki disease( KD) with changes of T cell immunity. Methods : From April to August in 2001, we examined serum DHEAS and 24 hour urine free cortisol(F) before administration of immunoglobulin and steroids by radioimmunoassay in 14 KD patients. It's clinical severity was determined by Harada score and coronary lesion. Results : The age of the patient group ranged from 4 months to 4 years; its average age was 2.3 years. Three patients(21.4%) were below 1 year, 2(14.3%) between 1 and 2 years, 5(35.7%) between 2 and 3 years, 4(28.6%) between 3 and 4 years of age. Male to female ratio was 1:1.3. DHEAS was significantly decreased in patients($11.1{\pm}6.0{\mu}g/dL$) more than controls($81.6{\pm}13.3{\mu}g/dL$)(P<0.05). Twenty-four hour urine free cortisol was significantly increased in patients($36.9{\pm}21.9{\mu}g/dL$) more than controls($13.6{\pm}5.5{\mu}g/dL$)(P<0.05). Ratio of DHEAS/F was decreased remarkably in patients($0.33{\pm}0.20$) more than controls($6.65{\pm}2.56$)(P=0.016). There was no difference between ratio of DHEAS/F and Harada score, but its ratio was very low in patients with coronary aneurysm. Conclusion : These data demonstrate that there are changes of DHEAS and cortisol in acute stage of KD and the dis-equilibrium between two steroids may be relevant in the T cell immune response induction of Kawasaki disease. These changes support the use of DHEAS/F ratio as one of the predictive factors of coronary arteries complication.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.113-116
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• 2011

Purpose: Acetylcholine receptor antibodies cause acetylcholine receptor loss, which is responsible for failure of the neuromuscular junction in the acetylcholine receptor autoantibody. The disease characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue, myasthenia gravis(MG) occurs when the body inappropriately produces antibodies against acetylcholine receptors, and thus inhibits proper acetylcholine signal transmission. And this reason, the measurement of acetylcholine receptor antibodies can be of considerable value in disease diagnosis. Methods: From 2010. August to September, we tested orderd AchRAb 19 samples to get the results. 1. Pipette $5{\mu}{\ell}$ undiluted patient sera and kit control and add 125I AChR $50{\mu}{\ell}$ and incubate at R.T for 2 hours. 2. Pipette $50{\mu}{\ell}$ of anti-human IgG into each tube, and incubate at $2{\sim}8^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. 3. Pipette $25{\mu}{\ell}$ precipitation enhancer into each tube and add 1mL washing solution into all tubes. 4. Centrifuge each tube for 20minutes at $2{\sim}8^{\circ}C$ at 1500g. 5. Aspirate or decant the supernatant. 6. Pipette 1 mL washing solution into all tubes and resuspend the pellet and repeat centrifugation. 7. Aspirate or decant the supernatant and count all tubes on a gamma counter. Results: Cut off value is 0.2 nmol/L and the results taken below 0.2 nmol/L are negative, the results above that identified as being positive values. We assayed the 19 patients samples and got 7 positive results. Of which, 6 patients were diagnosed as MG.(85.7%). Conclusions: Acetylcholine Receptor autoantibody test is intended for use by persons only for the quantitative determination of it in human serum. Even if measurement of the antibodies is not a routine test, it can be of considerable value in disease diagnosis.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2003

The biological activities of extracts from Rubus coreanus Miq. were compared. About 70% of the growth of human hepatocarcinoma and 79% of human gastric cancer cell was inhibited in adding 1.0 mg/ml of the extracts of Rubus coreanus Miq. respectively. The growth of human breast cancer cells was also inhibited in adding 1.0 mg/ml of the extracts as well as 78% of the human cancer cells. It was proved that the growth of human normal lung cell, scored as 15% for the extracts. Overall selectivity of the extracts on several human cancer cell line was over 5, which is higher than those from the Rubus coreanus Miq. The growth of both human immune B and T cells was enhanced up to 1.4 to 1.8 times by adding the extracts, compared to the controls. The secretion of tumor necrosis $factor-alpha(TNF-{\alpha})$ from T cell was also increased up to 78.8 pg/ml in adding the ethanol extract (0.5 mg/ml). Ethanol extract also increased up to about 70 pg/ml of interleukin-6(IL-6) from B cell. For screening regulate function of blood pressure, angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) activity was inhibited up to 25% by adding the ethanol extract (1.0 mg/ml). In testing the hypoglycemic activity, 20% of ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ activity was inhibited for the extracts (0.5 mg/ml). GST activity was increased in the range of 1.2 to 1.6 times by adding extracts.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.246-252
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• 2009

Rice cells were transformed to express human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4-immunoglobulin (hCTLA4Ig) using RAmy3D promoter. hCTLA4Ig was produced and secreted into culture media inducibly when sugar was depleted. The obstacles of this system are the cell death and release of proteases by sugar starvation. These problems resulted in the losses of stability and productivity of hCTLA4Ig. Therefore, the effects of proline as an inhibitor of cell death were investigated. When 4 mM proline was added in sugar-free media, the cell death and release of proteases were reduced. As a consequence, the production of hCTLA4Ig was enhanced. In addition, the effects of protein stabilizers such as gelling agents were studied. It was found that the application of 0.01 g/L gelatin led to an increase in hCTLA4Ig production. This increase might be originated from the stabilization of hCTLA4Ig. In conclusion, the production of hCTLA4Ig could be enhanced by the additions of proline and gelatin in transgenic rice cell cultures.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.72-78
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• 2023

Objectives : This study aims to identify various psychiatric symptoms and psychosomatic symptoms caused by COVID-19 infection and investigate their long-term impact. Methods : A systematic literature review was conducted, selecting papers from domestic and international databases using keywords such as "COVID-19" and "psychosomatic." A total of 16 papers, including those using structured measurement tools for psychosomatic symptoms, were included in the final analysis. Results : Psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms have been reported in acute COVID-19 infection, while long-term post-COVID symptoms include chest pain and fatigue. The frequency of long-term psychosomatic symptoms has been estimated to be 10%-20%. Factors contributing to these symptoms include psychological and social stress related to infectious diseases, gender, elderly age, a history of psychiatric disorders, and comorbid mental illnesses. It is suggested that systemic inflammation, autoimmune responses, and dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system may be involved. Conclusions : Psychosomatic symptoms arising after COVID-19 infection have a negative impact on quality of life and psychosocial functioning. Understanding and addressing psychiatric aspects are crucial for symptom prevention and treatment.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.399-407
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• 2024

Angiogenesis is the process by which new blood vessels form from existing blood vessels. This phenomenon occurs during growth, healing, and menstrual cycle changes. Angiogenesis is a complex and multifaceted process that is important for the continued growth of primary tumors, metastasis promotion, the support of metastatic tumors, and cancer progression. Impaired angiogenesis can lead to cancer, autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and delayed wound healing. Currently, there are only a handful of effective antiangiogenic drugs. Recent studies have shown that natural marine products exhibit antiangiogenic effects. In a previous study, we reported that the hexane extract of H. fusiformis (HFH) could inhibit the development of new blood vessels both in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study was to describe the inhibitory effect of chloroform extracts of H. fusiformis on angiogenesis. To investigate how chloroform extract prevents blood vessel growth, we examined its effects on HUVEC, including cell migration, invasion, and tube formation. In a mouse Matrigel plug assay, H. fusiformis chloroform extract (HFC) also inhibited angiogenesis in vivo. Certain proteins associated with blood vessel growth were reduced after HFC treatment. These proteins include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal transduction kinase, and serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT). These studies have shown that the chloroform extract of H. fusiformis can inhibit blood vessel growth both in vitro and in vivo.