• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.270-277
• /
• 2021

Veronica rotunda var. subintegra (Nakai) T. Yamaz. is perennial herb belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae, native to Korea. Plant growth regulators, cutting mediums, cutting position, and leaf size were examined to investigate the requirements for cutting propagation of V. rotunda var. subintegra. This study was conducted over a period of 6 weeks from March to May 2017 in the Division of Plant Resources, Korea National Arboretum. For all treatments, survival and rooting percentage was 100%. In PGRs experiment, the number of roots and shoot length treated with 100 mg/L IBA treatment was significantly higher than that of NAA treatment. The shooting percentage was decreased with an increase of the PGRs concentration. In growing substrates experiment, the number of roots on commercial soil (61.2) was the highest, followed commercial + kanuma soil (45.7), and the lowest was kanuma soil (41.8). The shoot length treated with commercial soil (8.9 cm) was significantly greater than that of kanuma soil (4.1 cm). In cutting positions experiment, the number of roots treated with apical (56.6) was significantly higher than that of basal (38.8). In leaf-cut experiment, the number of roots and of shoot length treated with full leaf was significantly higher than that of half leaf. As a result, we recommend treating cuttings with 100 mg/L IBA treatment, commercial soil, apical position, and full leaf for successful cutting propagation of V. rotunda var. subintegra.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.87 no.4
• /
• pp.601-610
• /
• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the possibility of supplemental UV-B application to the hardening phase of container-grown Betula platyphylla seedlings. The containerized seedlings were grown in a growth chamber for four months and then treated with UV-B(UV-$B_{BE}$ $3.2KJ\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$ and $5.2KJ\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$) radiation and water stress regime(irrigation in one week interval) for four weeks. The differences in growth and physiological responses of the seedlings before and after the treatments were analyzed. UV-B radiation and water stress reduced height growth and leaf dry mass accumulation of the seedlings. The root collar diameter growth was reduced by UV-B radiation but increased by water stress. The reduction in leaf dry weight by UV-B radiation and water stress reduced T/R ratio of the seedling. The reduction in T/R ratio was the most apparent by water stress. Chlorophyll index observed by a chlorophyll meter was the lowest in the $5.2KJ\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$ of UV-B radiation, and those in the $3.2KJ\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$ and water stress were similar. UV-B radiation and water stress reduced both water content in the seedlings and leaf water potential, and increased leaf osmatic pressure. The water content of leaves and shoots was reduced more rapidly by UV-B radiation than by water stress treatment. In conclusion, growth responses and physiological changes in water relation by supplemental UV-B radiation which was applied to the hardening phase of container-grown Betula platyphylla seedlings were similar results to the water stress treatment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.113 no.2
• /
• pp.143-152
• /
• 2024

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth and nutrient dynamics in response to fertilization of four tree species (LT: Liriodendron tulipifera L.; PY: Prunus yedoensis Matsumura; QA: Quercus acutissima Ca rruth; a nd PT: Pinus thunbergii Parl.) planted in a fire-disturbed urban forest in Bongdaesan (Mt.), Ulsan Metropolitan Area, South Korea. The trees were planted in 2009, and compound fertilizers (N₆P₄K₁) were applied in April 2013 and March 2014. Tree growth, soil, and foliage nutrients were examined from March 2013 to October 2016. The regression coefficients for the increment of the diameter at breast height (DBH) significantly differed between the fertilized and unfertilized plots, suggesting the significant effects of fertilization. By contrast, fertilization did not affect the coefficients for height increments. Regarding soil nutrient contents, organic carbon and total nitrogen concentrations were lower in the fertilized plots than in the unfertilized plots, whereas available phosphorus, exchangeable calcium, and magnesium concentrations were higher in the fertilized plots than in the unfertilized plots. In foliage, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were higher in the fertilized plots than in the unfertilized plots, whereas potassium, calcium, and magnesium concentrations were not affected by fertilization. Nutrient concentration of foliage among the tree species were higher in LT and PY than in QA and PT. These results suggest that fertilizers may be used to enhance soil fertility and the growth and nutrient status of tree species planted in a fire-disturbed urban forest.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.279-288
• /
• 2014

To understand changes in composition and distribution of nutrients during early shoot growth of persimmon, organic compounds and inorganic elements of terminal shoots were analyzed for about 40 days from the time of foliation. Sample shoots were collected from mature 'Fuyu' trees for this three-year experiment and they were divided to stem, leaves, and the fruits including flower buds at the earliest stage. During shoot growth, concentration of soluble sugars increased in both leaves and fruits, but that of starch increased only in leaves. Those of amino acids tended to decrease in all the parts but there was no consistent change in proteins. As shoots grew, contents of all the organic compounds in a shoot increased, and they were especially higher in May leaves accounting for more than 60% of the shoot total for each nutrient. Along with shoot growth, concentrations of N and P gradually decreased in all three parts, while K decreased only in stem. However, those of Ca and Mg did not show notable changes in all the parts with wide variations depending on the year. Due to the quantitative increase in growth, contents of inorganic elements in a shoot increased in all the parts and the leaves accounted for 54-82% of the shoot total. At the cessation time of extension growth, a shoot contained 526-768 mg of soluble sugars, 245-844 mg of starch, 26-31 mg of amino acids, and 66-103 mg of proteins for three years. On the other hand, a shoot contained 203-388 mg of K, the greatest among the inorganic elements, followed by 132-159 mg of N. Changes of the nutrients in a shoot were much greater during the earlier stage of growth after foliation than during the later stage toward growth cessation, suggesting the importance of mobilizing reserve nutrients for the early growth of the shoots. The results of this study also suggested that the rate of nutrient changes, especially during the earlier stage of shoot growth, could be affected by environmental and cultural conditions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.87 no.3
• /
• pp.429-444
• /
• 1998

Objective of this study was to select ectomycorrhizal fungi for black spruce(Picea mariana) inoculation to overcome the growth inhibitory effects of Kalmia angustifolia. Nineteen isolates representing 11 species of ectomycorrhizal fungi were tested for their abilities to grow and form mycorrhizae with black spruce seedlings in the presence of water leachate of leaves of Kalmia. Mycelium growth of 9 isolates were inhibited by the leaf leachate. Colony diameter and biomass of the other 10 isolates were either increased or unaffected under the same conditions. Acidic pH of the culture medium(pH 3 and 4) inhibited some of the fungi, but a combination of acidic pH and the leaf leachate was more inhibitory. Thirteen isolates were able to form ectomycorrhizae with black spruce in presence of 25% leaf leachate in pure culture. Four isolates, Paxillus involutus(NF4), Cenococcum geophilum(GB12), Laccaria laccata(GB23), and E-strain(GB45) formed mycorrhizae more successfully than the others in presence of up to 50% Kalmia leaf leachate. Black spruce seedlings pre-inoculated with these fungi were grown with Kalmia leaf leachate and live Kalmia plants during a four month greenhouse experiment. Abundant mycorrhizae(77-91% of root tips) were developed on seedlings pre-inoculated with P. involutus, L. laccata and E-strain but relatively poor mycorrhization(32% of root tips) resulted with C. geophidum. Over 90% of the short root mycorrhizae were attributed to the inoculated fungi although indigenous mycorrhizae also occurred on most seedlings. Persistence of the mycorrhizae was not affected by living Kalmia plants. Over 80% of the mycorrhizae on seedlings inoculated with P. involutus, L. laccata and E-strain and 53% of the mycorrhizae on seedlings inoculated with C. geophilum were attributable to the inoculant fungi. Control seedlings formed about 45% ectomycorrhizal short roots with indigenous fungi. The L. laccata and C. geophilum inoculated seedlings exhibited enhanced mycorrhizae formation in presence of Kalmia leaf leachate. Mycorrhizae formation with inoculant fungi was 4-15% lower at pH 4 than at pH 5, with the greatest inhibition occurring for L. laccata. Seedlings inoculated with P. involutus had the greatest shoot and root growth followed by L. laccata and E-strain inoculated seedlings. The P. involutus and L. laccata inoculated seedlings were significantly taller with more shoot dry biomass than the uninoculated(control) seedlings. E-strain inoculated seedlings had significantly higher shoot dry biomass and significantly lower number of first order lateral roots compared to the control but other growth parameters such as height, root dry weight and number of short root tips were not significantly different from the control. Seedlings inoculated with C. geophilum were not significantly different from the uninoculated seedlings in any of the growth parameters except for the number of first artier lateral roots which was significantly less than the control seedlings.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.19-24
• /
• 1994

낙동강 삼각주에 있는 Phragmites communis 초지에서 광차단과 흡수, 생산구조의 계절적 변화, 생산성 현존량을 1982, 1983 그리고 1993년에 각각 조사했다. 황충화된 수피를 통과하는 빛은 S자형으로 감소한다. 한 식물의 누층적 앞면적은, 그 시기의 수피의 잎면적 생장과 같다. 잎 면적이 log식에 따라 자랄 때, 잎면적의 수직적 누층은 일반적인 역동식에 의해 계산된다. 잎면적의 최대생장률에서의 광차단식은 식(1)에 의해 생산구조는 윗부분은 광합성계에 의해, 아래부분은 비광합성계에 의해 차지되어진다. 그러므로, 광차 단의 패턴은 S자형에서 지수함수적 패턴으로 변하게 된다. P.communis의 지상부 현존량은 $3,3660g/m^2$이상이었고, 순 생산성은 $142g/m^2$이었다. 갈초지대의 년중 순 생산은 각각 4.10,4.25,$4.47kg/m^2$/year 이었고, 촤대면적 지수는 각각 4.10.3,11.0,10.4이엇다. 이 결과는 일만초지보다 매우 높은 값이었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
• /
• 2003.05a
• /
• pp.257-258
• /
• 2003

애기장대를 실험재료로 사용하여 인공산성비의 주요 성분인 황산과 질산 중 어느 성분이 식물 생장과 종자 발아에 영향을 미치는가를 조사하였다. 질산과 황산성분이 모두 첨가된 인공산성비를 처리한 애기장대는 정상식물에 비하여 줄기와 뿌리 생장이 각각 28%, 30% 정도 감소되었고, 잎 표면에는 많은 괴사반점이 관찰되었다. 인공질산비를 처리한 식물은 정상식물에 비하여 줄기와 뿌리 생장이 각각 14%, 17% 정도 감소된 반면 인공황산비를 처리한 식물은 각각 24%, 25% 정도 감소되었다. 종자의 발아율은 인공산성비 배지에서는 80%, 인공황산비 배지에서는 88%, 인공질산비 배지에서는 93%로 나타났다. 이와 같이 성분이 다른 3 종류의 인공산성비를 애기장대에 처리하였을 때 식물 생장과 종자발아율은 질산보다 황산성분에 의해서 더 큰 영향을 받는 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.89 no.1
• /
• pp.105-115
• /
• 2000

This study was conducted to test a hypothesis that sensitivity of trees to ozone exposure was related to their growth rates. Two cultivars of Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa with different genetic growth potential were used for the comparison. Two clones(72-30, 72-16) of cultivar No. 4 with fast growing potential and three clones(71-28, 72-27, 72-19) of cultivar No. 2 with slow growing potential were propagated in early spring by cutting in $2-{\ell}$ plastic pots. They were grown outdoor for 5 months and exposed in late August for 30 days to 70 and 130ppb ozone in a open-top chambers(2.5m in diameter and 2m in height). Ozone concentration in a control chamber was maintained below 30ppb by filtering with activated charcoal. Each treatment was replicated twenty times. In a control chamber, cultivar No. 4 grew 73%, 64%, and 38% faster than cultivar No. 2 in leaf weight, root weight, and total dry weight, respectively. Visible injury was observed only in cultivar No. 4 in 130ppb treatment. Ozone treatment at both 70 and 130ppb decreased height growth, dry weight of leaf, root, and entire plants in all five clones. Particularly root growth was reduced by 39.7% and 13.8% in cultivar No. 4 and No. 2, respectively, in 70ppb treatment. Consequently, shoot/root ratio of cultivar No.4 was increased by 63.4%, while that of cultivar No.2 was increased by 22.1%. Stomatal conductance decreased more in cultivar No.4 than in cultivar No.2. Net photosynthesis of cultivar No.4 at 130ppb ozone decreased by 69.5%, while that of cultivar No.2 decreased by 31.5%. Above mentioned physiological responses of two cultivars to ozone strongly suggested that fast growing cultivar No.4 was more sensitive to ozone than slow growing cultivar No.2. It was concluded that sensitivity of trees to ozone exposure was closely related to their growth rates.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.44-49
• /
• 2000

Objective of this study was to determine the Si distribution and extent of control of powdery mildew diseases of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.). The distribution of silicon in the leaf epidermis of cucumber plants grown in hydroponic nutrient solutions supplemented with soluble silicates was examined using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The silicate absorbed from nutrient solution was translocated into cucumber leaves, and accumulated mainly in the cells surrounding the base of trichome hairs. Base cells surrounding the trichomes also had high levels of Si, Ca, and K. Si levels in the epidermal cells for low Si treatment were not detectable except in the trichome bases. Hyphal lengths of powdery mildew occurring on cucumber leaves cultivated in medium with high concentration of silicate were remarkably shorter than those of cucumber leaves cultivated with low concentration of silicate. There was a negative correlation between hyphal length of S. fuliginea and silicate concentrations.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.63-67
• /
• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of remained leaf number on leaf, stem and root growth of leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Chungchima). Plants were grown hydroponically in $0.45\pm0.15\pm3.0m$ growth channels using a recirculating DFT (Deep Flow Technique) system. The growth response to remained leaf number was evident in leaf and stem than root of leaf lettuce. Leaf fresh weight increased and leaf quality was lowered with increasing of remained leaf number. Results indicate that 4 to 6 leaves could be optimum remained leaf number of hydroponically grown leaf lettuce.