• Title/Summary/Keyword: 잎응애

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Control Effect of Botanical Pyrethrum to Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Acari: Tarsonemidae) in Green Perilla (잎들깨에서 차먼지응애에 대한 천연 피레스럼 방제효과)

  • Seo, Youn-Kyung;Chae, Eui-Soo;Ann, Seoung-Won;Choi, Yong-Seok
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.59 no.4
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    • pp.421-425
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    • 2020
  • We investigated an ecologically-sensitive method to control Polyphagotarsonemus latus in a green perilla polyvinyl house using concentrated pyrethrum. The survival rates of Polyphagotarsonemus latus nymphs and adults to 2%, 4%, and 6% pyrethrum 3 days after spraying were 58.1%, 27.5%, and 22.7% respectively, and 73.4%, 37.3%, and 30.6% at 5 days after spraying. These results show that the most effective control occurred using 6% pyrethrum. To investigating the densities of P. latus on a 1 cm diameter leaf-disk of green perilla, we sprayed the leaf every 10 days from May 10 with 6% pyrethrum 1,000 times and milbemectin EC 2% 1,000 times. The period chosen was one where the incidence of P. latus could be predicted. The density was kept low during the treatment period. However, if leaf damage had already occurred from P. latus, the density could not be decreased by spraying 1 or 2 times each week where milbemectin EC 2% was used, but the population could be reduced when sprayed 3 times. Therefore, in order to effectively control P. latus in green perilla greenhouses, it is important to begin treatment at an early stage when P. latus are first observed.

Studies on Eriophyes kuko KISHIDA and its Galls -On the Activity of Enzymes and the Chemical Constituents in Growing Galls- (구기자혹응애(Eriophyes ruro KISHIDA) 및 그 혹(Gall)에 관한 연구 II. 혹의 성장에 따르는 효소활성 및 화학성분에 대하여)

  • Kim Chang Hyo;Ki Woo Kyung;Sung Nack Kie;Park Woo Churl
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.23-30
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    • 1971
  • This work was carried out to study the chemical properties, the activity of several enzymes, chemical components and the respiratory intensity of mite galls on the leaves of Lycium chinense MILL. caused by Eriophyes kuke KISHIDA. The activities of catalase and peroxidase were higher in the gall tissue, when compared to the healthy tissue, and were increased as tile gall developed. The activity of phosphorylase of the healthy tissue seemed to be higher than that of the large gall l tissue, considering the competitive inhibition of phosphomonoeoterase and $\beta-amylase$, The activities of invertase and $\beta-amylase$ were about two times higher in the large sail tissue than those of the healthy tissue. The content of the crude protein was $20\%$ higher in the small gall tissue than that of the healthy leave tissue, and decreased as the gall matured. On the other hand, the reducing sugar level was less in the small gall tissue than that of the healthy leaves, but as the gall grew, the content of reducing sugar of the gall tissue was increased. The contents of phosphorus and tannin were increased gradually as the gall matured, and their content showed about two times higher than those of the healthy. The matured gall tissue showed higher $QO_2$ than the healthy tissue. On the other hand, the matured gall tissue presented lower $QCO_2$ than the healthy tissue, and the RQ of the healthy tissue was higher than that of the gall tissue.

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Exploring on the Defense Strategies against Hervivory of Several Broad-leaved Tree Species in Solomon Islands (솔로몬제도에 생육중인 몇 활엽수종의 초식에 대한 방어전략 탐색)

  • Kim, Gab-Tae
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.24 no.5
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    • pp.611-616
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    • 2010
  • To explore on the defense strategies against hervivory of broadleaved tree species growing in tropical rain forest, Solomon Islands, morphological characteristics of the leaf, leaf domatia structure and the number, herbivores insects and mites on the leaves of 26 tree species, collected from the trees growing in Guadalcanal, New Georgia, and Tetepare islands, were investigated from Feb. 25 to March 5, 2010. The results are summarized as follows. Six tree species including Terminalia catappa(23.08%) among total 26 species have domatia structure. Especially, domatia of T. catappa reveals two types; pouch type and pit+tuft type. Predatory mites are observed on the leaves of only three species including T. catappa. Predatory mites' number per leaf or leaflet proved a few, 0.33~0.40. Insect pests destroying the leaf of tree species are such as aphids, Diaspididae sp., larva of Lepidoptera, and Eriosoma sp.(Pemphlogidae). Ants are co-works with aphids and Diaspididae sp., and supports herbivores. These results indicate that protective mutualisms between tree and predatory mites may be less frequent in woody species of tropical rain forest in Solomon Islands.

Studies on Eriophyes kuko KISHIDA and its Galls. IV. Studies on the Growing Mite Gall under Light and Electron Microscopes (구기자혹응애 (Eriophyes kuko KISHIDA) 및 그 혹(Gall)에 관한 연구. IV. 혹의 성장에 따르는 광현적(光顯的) 및 전현적(電顯的) 관찰)

  • Kim, Chang-Hyo;Sigenobu, Kawamatu;So, In-Yung
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.17-31
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    • 1972
  • Light and electron microscopic studies were made to investigate the morphological changes in growing galls on the leaf of Lycium chinense MILL caused by Eriophyes kuko Kishda. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Light microscopy At the early stage of the invasion of E. kuko on the back side of the young leaf of L. chinense, the.epidermal cells become hypertrophic and develope a gall. As the gall grows, the cells of both palisade and spongy-layers become hypertrophic and these tissues are hard to be distinguished because of their irregular outgrowth. As the gall grows, the nuclei of the gall also become hypertrophic and larger than these of normal cells. 2. Electron microscopy Under electron microscopy the mitochondria, the golgi apparatus and the plastids of the advanced galls are degenerated and disintergrated and the cell walls become thicker than normal ones. The characteristic star bodies and the ring-form structures are found in the mature gall cells.

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Occurrence of the Mite Pathogenic Fungus Neozygites floridana on Two Spotted Spider Mite (Tetranychus urticae) in Korea (점박이응애에서 병원성 곰팡이 Neozygites floridana의 발생)

  • Choi, Seon-U;Lee, Gong-Jun;Moon, Young-Hun;Seo, Kyoung-Won;Kang, Chan-Ho;Kim, Jin-Ho;Kim, Jae-Su
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.55 no.4
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    • pp.465-469
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    • 2016
  • An entomopathogenic fungus was isolated from the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) in a rearing house, and identified as Neozygites floridana (Entomophthorales: Neozygitaceae). A high infection rate induced by N. floridana could increase the price of the natural enemy. The body color of mites infected by this fungus changed to red or orange and swelling occurred. Fungal conidia were discharged into the webbing produced by the spider mites, making it relatively easy to infect the mites. Primary conidia were pear shaped and capilliconidia almond shaped. The fungus could not be cultured on solid media (PDA, SDAY, or EYSDA), but could possibly be cultured in liquid media (Grace's insect tissue culture medium + 5% fetal bovine serum). Kidney beans were supplied as food for T. urticae; the mite infection rate in a kidney bean canopy was about 36.1%. The density of infected mites was higher on the underside than on the upper side of leaves. Based on the results of this survey, we need to identify methods of fungal control for natural enemy production and biological control agents for T. urticae for effective crop management.

Binomial Sampling Plans for the Citrus Red Mite, Panonychus citri(Acari: Tetranychidae) on Satsuma Mandarin Groves in Jeju (온주밀감에서 귤응애의 이항표본조사법 개발)

  • 송정흡;이창훈;강상훈;김동환;강시용;류기중
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.197-202
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    • 2001
  • The density of citrus red mite(CRM), Panonychus citri(McGregor), on the commercial satsuma mandarin Citrus unshiu L. groves were determined by counts of the number of CRM per leaf using by leaf sample in Jeju for 2 years. Binomial sampling plans were developed based on the relationship between the mean density per leaf(m) and the proportion of leaf infested with less than T mites per leaf($P_{T}$), according to the empirical model $ln(m)={\alpha}+{\beta}ln(-ln(1-P_{T}))$. T was defined as tally threshold, and set to 1, 3, 5 and 7 mites per leaf in this study. Increasing sample size, regardless of tally threshold, had little effects on the precision of the binomial sampling plan. Increasing sampling size had little effect on the precision of the estimated mean regardless of tally thresholds. T=1 was chosen as the best tally threshold for estimating densities of CRM based on the precision of the model. The binomial model with T=1 provided reliable predictions of mean densities of CRM observed on the commercial satsuma mandarin groves. Binomial sequential sampling procedure were developed for classifying the density of CRM. A binomial sampling program for decision-making CRM population level based on action threshold of 2 mites per leaf was obtained.

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Exploring on the Defense Strategies Against Hervivory of Juglans regia and J. mandshurica (호두나무와 가래나무의 초식에 대한 방어전략 탐색)

  • Kim, Gab-Tae;Lyu, Dong-Pyo;Kim, Hoi-Jin
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.99 no.3
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    • pp.298-303
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    • 2010
  • To explore on the defense strategies against hervivory of Juglans regia and J. mandshurica, morphological characteristics of the leaf, leaf domatia structure and the number, herbivores insects and mites on the leaves, collected from the trees growing in Mt. Chiak, Mt. Cheongtae, Mt. Jungwang, Namyangju-si and Wonju-si, were investigated from May to October, 2009. Domatia of J. mandshurica revealed tuft type, these of J. regia revealed pocket+tuft type. Domatia number per leaflet proved the higher figures, 28.3/leaflet for J. mandshurica, and the lower, 19.6/leaflet for J. regia. Leaf surface trichomes of J. regia revealed stellates only on the domatia structures, and that of J. mandshurica does dense stellates and glandular hairs on the leaf-blade and vein. Predatory mites' number per leaflet proved highly significant differences among tree species, and mean of predatory mites was higher values (4.8/leaflet) in J. mandshurica and lower values (3.5/leaflet) in J. regia. Small amount of nectar are found distal veinparts on the leaf margin of J. mandshurica. Dense glandular hairs on the lower leaf surfaces of J. mandshurica estimates useful strategy against herbivory. It may be possible to breed J. regia for better expression of leaf traits such as dense glandular hairs that increase predator populations and efficacy.

Evaluation of Insecticidal Efficacy of Plant Extracts Against Major Insect Pests (주요 해충에 대한 식물추출물의 살충력 평가)

  • Kim, Sam-Kyu;Jin, Joon-Ho;Lim, Chun-Keun;Hur, Jang-Hyun;Cho, Sae-Youll
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.165-170
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    • 2009
  • Insecticidal efficacies of plant extracts and environmental friendly agro-materials against green peach aphids, two spotted spider mites, and diamondback moths were evaluated in the lab condition. Oxymatrine and matrine, derivatives of Sophora flavescens, were effective to all three tested pest insect species. Selected environmental friendly agro-materials available from the market mainly contained active ingredients of nicotine, azadirachtin, and matrine were all effective to control green peach aphids and two spotted spider mites.

Ventilation at Supra-Optimal Temperature Leading High Relative Humidity Controls Powdery Mildew, Silverleaf Whitefly, Mite and Inhibits the Flowering of Korean Melon in a Greenhouse Cultivation (참외 시설 재배 시 고온에서의 환기 처리에 의한 상대습도 상승과 흰가루병, 담배가루이, 응애 방제 및 개화 억제)

  • Seo, Tae Cheol;Kim, Jin Hyun;Kim, Seung Yu;Cho, Myeong Whan;Choi, Man Kwon;Ryu, Hee Ryong;Shin, Hyun Ho;Lee, Choung Keun
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.43-51
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    • 2022
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ventilation at high temperature on the control of powdery mildew, silverleaf whitefly two-spotted spider mite occurred at Korean melon cultivation greenhouse, and on leaf rolling and flowering of the plant in summer season. 'Alchanggul' grafted onto 'Hidden Power' rootstock was planted on soil bed with the distance of 40 cm. Three ventilation temperatures of 45℃, 40℃, and 35℃ as set points were compared. Ventilation treatment was done by control of side window operation from 18th June to 13th July when silverleaf whitefly, mite, and powdery mildew were occurred in all greenhouses. The temperature inside greenhouse was increased up to the set temperature point on sunny days and maintained for about 9 hours with high relative humidity at 45℃ condition. The differences of day maximum air temperature and day minimum RH were the highest at 45℃ treatment. After 11 days of treatments, the damage by powdery mildew and two-spotted spider mite was almost recovered at 45℃ treatment but not at 40 and 35℃. The population of silverleaf whitefly and two-spotted spider mite were significantly decreased at 45℃ treatment at 14 days after treatment, while powdery mildew symptom was not significantly decreased. Leaf rolling was observed at high temperature but not severe at 45℃ treatment. After 26 days of treatments, female flowers did not bloom at all at 45℃ treatment, and the number of male flowers was 1.2 among 15 nodes of newly grown shoots. As the result, it indicates that ventilation at the high temperature of 45℃ for about 2 to 3 weeks can be an applicable method to control above mentioned pests and disease, and to recover the vegetative growth of Korean melon by reducing flowering of the plant.

Some Ecological Notes of Oligota kashmirica benefica: Oviposition and Pupation Site, Storage Temperature of Adult, Release Effect (민깨알반날개(Oligota kashmirica benefica)의 몇 가지 생태특성: 산란 및 용화장소, 성충 저장온도, 방사효과)

  • Choi Duck-Soo;Kim Kyu-Chin
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.44 no.2
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    • pp.125-130
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    • 2005
  • The ecological characteristics of the specialist insect predator, Oligota kashmirica benefica, were investigated for developing artificial rearing method with special interest on the oviposition behavior, the pattern of adult emergence and temperature in storage, and its effect on the density of the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri. Female beetle oviposited eggs mainly, $95\%$ of the eggs, on the bottom of leaves of the yuzu tree, and $91.3\%$ of them were covered with ecdysis skin of the red mites or the feces of themselves. The rate of adult emergence of the beetle rose up to $86.7\%$ when the horticultural media was provided for pupation from $60\%$ when it pupated in upland soil. Most larvae, $88\%$ of them, were found from the surface to the depth of 2 cm in the horticultural media. The optimum temperature for the storage of the adult beetle was found to be $12^{\circ}C$, at this temperature the 96.7, 73.3 and $70.0\%$ of the beetle survived for 10, 20, and 30 days, respectively. The control effect of the citrus red mite was appeared highest by releasing the beetle at the rate of one beetle against 150 mites.