• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.161-170
• /
• 2024

This study was conducted to estimate the days to flowering based on the effective accumulated temperature at various altitudes in the Jiri mountain region and to compare growth and yield characteristics according to the sowing date of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) four genetic resources (local variety, IT323225, IT333473, and IT333482). The safflower four resources were sown on March 29, May 3, May 13, May 24, and June 2. The days from sowing to flowering of the safflower four resources by sowing dates were in the order of the local variety (61.0 days), IT333482 (73.2 days), IT323225 (74.0 days), and IT333473 (74.2 days). The base temperature and effective accumulated temperature for the days to flowering of the safflower four resources calculated based on the daily mean temperature were local variety 6℃, 579℃, IT323225 11℃, 766℃, IT333473 11℃, 768℃, IT333482 10℃, 750℃, respectively. As a result of applying the calculated effective accumulated temperature and daily mean temperature of the past five years (2019 to 2023) by various altitudes and the different sowing dates (every 15 days from April 1 to August 15), the days to flowering of the safflower four resources decreased from April 1 to July 15 during the sowing date and then tended to increase from August 1. In addition, the days to flowering at various altitudes were investigated in the order of plains, mid-mountain, and mountain regions. Among the yield characteristics, plant height, number of branches, number of capitula, number of seeds, and seed weight decreased as the sowing dates were delayed for the safflower four resources.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.32 no.3 s.58
• /
• pp.149-152
• /
• 2006

Natural safflower oleosomes are small ($1{\sim}3{\mu}m$) spherical shaped "reservoir", inside which the seed stores triglycerides for use as a future energy source. The surface of the oleosome is covered with a high molecular weight ($20{\sim}24$ KDa) oleosin protein which has been demonstrated to have emulsification properties. Traditionally, oleosomes from oil bearing seeds such as safflower were simply crushed to liberate the oil within. Our patented DermaSphere technology allows for the isolation of oleosomes in the intact state. Once isolated, these materials can be used in skin care formulations to deliver the emolliency, occlusivity, and anti-oxidant effects typically associated with safflower oil. However, because of the presence of the emulsifying oleosin protein covering the spherical oil body, oleosomes have self-emulsification property as well as can emulsify other oil phase in typical oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion. The oleosomes can literally serve as the entire non-active portion of the oil phase of a typical skin care product. Most importantly, natural oleosomes can be loaded with other oil-soluble active materials and can therefore be used as delivery systems for improved cosmetic efficacies. Oleosomes can be loaded with various actives, such as fragrances, vitamins, inset repellents, and UV chromophores. The loaded oleosomes can be utilized to either protect the active ingredients within the formulation itself or to allow for control release of those actives over time.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.60-63
• /
• 1998

For the purposed of improving the utilization of natural chemical pigment, carthamin, of Carthamus tinctorius, the effective extraction methods on this compound were pursued in the present study. The best solvent for the extraction was found to be the 1 %(v/v) NaOH solution, at 25 hours. In addition, more carthamin was extracted flowers from main stem than fromb-ranches . The carthamin content of Korean local safflower was shown to be higher than that of Japanese variety used for medicinal uses.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.55 no.3
• /
• pp.400-404
• /
• 2011

Safflower is called as the 'beneficial flower' because 'it helps human health', and it was introduced as red flower in Tonguibogam due to the red color of floral leaf. From old times, it has been used for the material of cloth and rouge. Recently, polyphenol compound, the main ingredient of safflower, known as anti-aging and anti-oxidizing material in the healthy food industry becomes the emerging hot topic. This study aims to confirm by DDT (Disk Diffusion Test) assay, MTT assay, and NF-${\kappa}$B Luciferase activity inhibition assay in vitro that polyphenol compound, which is the main ingredient of safflower, has the anti-microbial efficacy to inhibit the growth of acne germs that make troubles for the teenagers or middle aged. Also it aims to evaluate its clinical efficacy on the acne skin, utilizing the facial cleansing cosmetic form of soap sample. This study can contribute to take a major step forward to the development of cosmetic soap for acne in the cosmeceutical industry.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.167-170
• /
• 2003

'Jinsun', a new variety of safflower(Carthamus tinctoris L.), was developed by Kyonggi-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services in 2000. It was bred with pure line selection from Namwon local variety population. Jinsun is relatively resistant to Gleosporium carthami and has more flower head and higher ripened grain ratio. Its flowering date was June 22 in Hwaseong, Gyeonggido and contains more protein and linoleic acid relatively in grain compared with Cheongsu, check variety. Grain yield of Jinsun was 11% higher than Cheongsu.

• Plant Disease and Agriculture
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.119-121
• /
• 1999

A destructive collar rot of safflower occurred severely research farm of at Kyongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services in 1999. Incidence of the disease at 3 fields in Chinju was ranged from 21.6 to 34.2% Upper parts of infected stems were mostly blighted and white mycelia were found on the lesions. The same fungus was isolated consistently from the infected tissues and confirmed its pathogenecity to safflower. The causal fungus of collar rot disease was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii by the examination of colony type sclerotium formation and pathogenicity test. This fungus also causes stem rot crown rot wilt or blight on the safflower. This is the first report on the collar rot of safflower caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.232-236
• /
• 1997

This experiment was conducted to determinate the optimum harvesting time of Carthami Flos and grain in safflower. In dry Carthami Flos yields harvested at different days after flowering, threre was no significant difference between 2 days and 4 days, however, yield harvested at 6 days was decreased significantly compared with 2 days after flowering. As the harvesting time were delayed, lightness (L') and redness (a') of dry Carthami Flos were decreased but yellowness (b') of that was increased. Color differences (${\Delta}E'ab$) of dry Carthami Flos between harvesting days after flowering were not visible between 4 days and 6 days but between those (4 days and 6 days) and 2 days were visible. As the result, the optimum harvesting time of Carthami Flos was 4 days after flowering. Grain yields and its components were affected by not harvesting Carthami Flos but grain harvesting time. Threre was no significant difference in number of grain per flower head, percentage of ripened grain between grain harvesting time. However, weight of 1000 grains and grain yields increased until 20 days after flowering. As a conclusion, the optimum harvesting time was 4 days after flowering for Carthami Flos and 20 days for grain regardless Carthami Flos harvesting time.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.454-458
• /
• 2004

This study was carried out to clarify the effect of sulfur fertilization method on the qualities of safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.) seed. Sulfur application increased the nitrogen and sulfur content of seed. In nitrogen content, there was no significant difference among sulfur fertilizers, whereas sulfur content was increased by raising ammonium sulfate (AS) amounts by soil application. In application method of AS, there was no significantly difference between foliar application and soil application with 8 kg S/10a. N/S ratio in seed was decreased by sulfur application, and also decreased with the increase of AS amounts by soil application. The contents of lipid and protein were increased by sulfur application. Lipid content was highest in foliar application, and protein content was lowest in AS 4 kg S/10a. By sulfur application, the content of total phenolics and electron donating ability (EDA) were increased by $3.1{\sim}4.7%$ and $3.6{\sim}8.5%$, respectively compared with control. In content of total phenolics, there was no significant difference among sulfur fertilizers, but EDA was higher in sulfur powder 20 kg/10a and AS 8 kg S/10a than that in other fertilizers. Sulfur application showed positive effects on the qualities of safflower seed. In application effects, AS and foliar application were more efficient than sulfur powder and soil application, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.200-206
• /
• 1995

This experiment was carried out in the field to investigate the effects of sowing date and planting density under non - or P. E. - mulching cultivation on growth and yield of safflower. The optimum sowing date for safflower in the central and northern area of Korea was March 20th directly after thawing of frozen soil. P. E. - mulching cultivation was profitable with increasing the kernel yield 20% higher than in non­mulching cultivation. With respect to the the planting density, non - mulching $50[{\times}10cm$(20.000plants per10are) and P. E. - mulching $50{\times}15cm$(13,330 plants per 10 are) were optimum respectively.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.110-114
• /
• 1992

The lipid compositions, physical and chemical characteristics of crude oil in Korean safflow, Carthamus tinctorius L., seeds were determined and proxmate composition of it were also analyzed. The proximate composition showed moisture 7.2%, carbohydrate 34.4%, crude protein 18.2%, crude fat 34.8% and ash 5.35. Specific gravity, refractive index, smoking point, melting point and titer of the crude oil were $0.922{\sim}0.927,\;1.468{\sim}1.469,\;210^{\circ}C,\;-15{\sim}-18^{\circ}C\;and\;15{\sim}18$, respectively. Iodine value, saponification value, acid value, esterification value, unsapoifiable matter and saturated fatty acid content of the crude oil were $140{\sim}152,\;186{\sim}192,\;2.6{\sim}3.5,\;179{\sim}186,\;0.8{\sim}1.3%\;and\;6.6{\sim}7.2%$, respectively. Fatty acid compositions were quantitatively determined by G.L.C. to give $70{\sim}78%$ linoleic acid, $10{\sim}23%$ oleic acid and $5{\sim}8%$ palmitic acid as main components, stearic, linolenic and myristic acid were presented in small quantities.