• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2005.08a
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• pp.192-193
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• 2005

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.89-95
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• 2001

Effects of application method of eight nematicides on reproduction of iweloidogyne arenaria were tested in pot. In pre-treatment, cadusafos , dazomet, fosthiazate reduced over 90% in number of egg masses of M. arenaria at recommended rate . Carbofuran showed similar reduction only at three times of recommended rate. Benfuracarb was the least effective. Post-treatments, in general, were less effective than pre-treatment except fostiazate which reduced root egg mass of iW. arenaria as much as pre-treatment at recommended rate . Systematic nematicide, fosthiazate has potential as post-treatment nematicide.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.31 no.6 s.119
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• pp.482-488
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• 2006

Application of precision farming technology to rice cultivation could be an effective measure for rice quality improvement and environment-friendly agriculture. This study was conducted to develope a variable rate pneumatic granule applicator. Previous study reported that application uniformity of the prototype machine (C.V. = 23.3%) was not satisfactory. To improve the uniformity, increase of blow-head number from 12 to 16 was suggested. Analysis of the pneumatic conveying system showed that increase of number of blow-head was possible. Three-way variance analysis of the modified applicator showed that inserting length should be changed according to granule metering rate. The range of metering rate from 27.3 to 417.9 g/s were divided into 4 levels and 4 sets of inserting lengths were determined to ensure CV values less than 15%. The revised applicator showed satisfactory C.V. values of 9.4 to 14.6% in the metering rate. Granule conveying pattern was observed using a high speed camera and judged as the homogeneous flow pattern.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.31 no.4 s.117
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• pp.305-314
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• 2006

Precision farming has been known as an environment friendly farming technology. This study was conducted to develop a variable-rate granule fertilizer applicator as an attempt for introducing the precision farming technologies to rice cultivation in Korea. In this paper, concept design process and manufacturing of prototype variable rate granule applicator was reported. For concept design, some design guide lines were selected. Based on the design guide line and some engineering knowledge, concept design was conducted. The designed prototype granule applicator was mounted at the rear of riding type cultivator for paddy field and had a 10m wide boom structure with pneumatic conveying and application system as well as 1GPS receiver, 1 granule hopper, 12 blow heads, 2 metering devices and 1 controller. The fertilizer applicator had 942 ka of weight, 740m of ground clearance and 1,117mm of center of gravity from the ground. The applicator was designed to be able to $34{\sim}428kg/ha$ of granule at $0.2{\sim}0.8m/s$ of fertilizer working speed.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.319-324
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• 2004

Pesticide formulations for controlled release were pepared with hollow silica microspheres. The hollow microsphere, which was obtained through calcination for the core removed after silica coating, showed maximum impregnation of benfuracarb up to 2.7 times of its mass in comparison with those obtained through the other core removal method. The release test of the pesticide formulation, when used with ESO(Epoxidized Soybean Oil) as a binder, showed ideal release pattern with steady release rate from the day 10 to 30 retaining the benfuracarb concentration in the water around 1.65 ppm.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.15 no.1 s.26
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• pp.1-6
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• 1976

his study was conducted to investigate selective toxicity of several organophosphorous and carbamic insecticides against the small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus), the white-backed planthopper (Sogatella furcifera), the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugensEugens), and the green rice leafhopper (Nephotetix cincticeps). The test insecticides were the organophosphoric insecticides, Diazinon$(34\%\; Ec.,\; 3\%\; G.),$ $MEP(Sumithion 50\%\; Ec.)$, and PAP(Elsan\; 47.5\%\; Ec.)$ and the carbamic insecticides. MPMC $(Meobal\; 50\%\;WP.)$, $BPMC(Bassa\; 50\%\; Ec.)$, and carbofuran $(Curaterr; 3\%\; G.)$. Toxicitiy for emulsion concentrates and wettable powders were evaluated by dipping method of rice seedlings in the laboratory and that for granulated insecticides evaluated by submerged application with potted plants in the greenhouse. In the test of contact toxicity by seedling dips, Diazinon MEP and PAP showed significantly low toxicity to the brown planthopper and MEP to the green rice leafhopper. In the test of submerged application, Carbofuran showed almost equal toxicity to the four species of the hoppers, but Diazinon was greatly less toxic to the brown planthopper. In general. the organophosphorous insecticides tested seemed to be selective in toxicity to the species of the hoppers, while the carbamic insecticides being less selective. The carbamic insecticides such as MPMC, BPMC and Carbofuran were almost equal in toxicity to the four species of the hoppers tested.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.183-191
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• 2011

Weeding effect was investigated based on the leaf stages to several different herbicide treatments for an integrated weed management of herbicide resistant Echinochloa oryzoides to ACCase and ALS inhibitors in a rice field. Efficacy of soil-applied herbicide treatments before resistant E. oryzoides occurred was very effective. Pentaxazon 5% SC showed over 98% of weeding effect although E. oryzoides were emerged 31 days after the treatment. Until the leaf stage of 2.5, five herbicides, azimsulfuron carfenstole 1.05% GR, bensulfuron-methyl benzobicyclone mefenacet 24.52% SC, bensulfuron-methyl fentrazamide 7% SC, bensulfuron-methyl mefenacet oxadiargyl 21.6% SC and mefenacet pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 3.57% GR showed perfect weeding effect. Benzobicyclone mefenacet penoxulam 21.5% SC and mefenacet pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 3.57% GR were effective at the leaf stage of 3.0. It is very important to select the right herbicides for timing and their systematic application for controlling of E. oryzoides resistant to ACCase- and ALS-inhibitors.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.445-453
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate herbicidal efficacy and diffusibility of halosulfuron-methyl+mefenacet in water treated with 500 g great granule (GG) and 3 kg granule (GR). The 500 g GG was been spreading on the surface of the water within 6 minutes, 53 seconds, and it's active ingredient was diffused in the water bath of $10m^2$ size between 30 and 60 minutes. In addition, the diffusion of 500 g GG was influenced by moisture contents, so it have to immediately use 500 g GG in paddy fields when it was been unpacked. The herbicidal efficacy of the 500 g GG and 3 kg GR of halosulfuron-methyl+mefenacet was excellent to most weed species, but showed different efficacy for the control of Aneilema keisak and Scirpus juncoides, that was may be distribution pattern of active ingredient as different formulation.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.9-15
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• 1984

Experiments were carried out with purified technical grade and two types of impregnated and sand-coated granules of carbofuran, in order to investigate the release patterns in water and the persistence of this chemical in soils. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) As regards to release velocity in water, impregnated granule was found to be faster than sand-coated granule. The time to reach maximum concentrations of carbofuran in water from technical carbofuran, impregnated granule and sand-coated granule was 0.5, 3 and 5 days, respectively. 2) Degradation rate of carbofuran in soils decreased in the order of technical carbofuran, impregnated granule, sand-coated granule regardless of soil types and application rates. Degradation of carbofuran in flooded soil was faster than in non-flooded soil. Soil flooding appeared to be the main factor in promoting the degradation of carbofuran in the soil. 3) When carbofuran was fortified in soils in the form of technical carbofuran, impregnated granule or sand-coated granule, the persistencies of two terminal residues of carbofuran, that is, 3-hydroxy carbofuran and 3-keto carbofuran decreased in the order of sand-coated granule, impregnated granule and technical form.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.262-267
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• 2005

In order to commercialize Paenibacillus sp. AC-1 and to minimize its harmful side effects, four granular formulations were prepared using AC-1 powder, adjuvant, and carrier and then their physicochemical properties of the formulations were investigated. Out of the carriers tested, the best one was talc for the formulation. Viable cells was stabilized during the formulating process. Viable cells in the granules formulated with Paenibacillus sp. AC-1 powder were stabilized at storage temperature range ($4{\sim}50^{\circ}C$) after 12 weeks. The release rate of viable cells from granules into water under a static condition were eluted over 90% in 7 hours and breakdown rates of particle were 100% in 1 day. Among the tested formulations, granular formulation comprising of 20% of Paenibacillus sp. AC-1 powder, 7% of polycarboxylate as surface active agent, 1% of sodium polyacrylate as adjuvant, the rest as carrier showed to be best.