• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.401-409
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• 2006

Purpose : Human metapneumovirus(hMPV) is a respiratory viral pathogen that causes a wide spectrum of illnesses, ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe bronchiolitis. The virus has been identified world widely, but so far it has not been published in Korea. Methods : We obtained clinical samples by nasopharyngeal aspiration from 218 children hospitalized due to acute lower respiratory tract infections at Soonchunhyang University Hospital in Cheonan from October, 2004 to April, 2005. We designed specific primers from conserved region of fusion glycoprotein of hMPV. Total RNA was extracted and RT-PCR was performed, and single specific 423 bp product was obtained. The PCR product was confirmed to be fusion glycoprotein RNA by sequencing. Results : We detected hMPV in 15(6.9 percent) of the 218 hospitalized children. The infected children comprised nine boys and six girls; their mean age was 2.8 years(5 mo-12 yrs) and they were diagnosed with pneumonia(60 percent), bronchiolitis(33.3 percent), croup(6.6 percent). The number of cases of detected hMPV in Korea increased dramatically during the period from March to May 2005. Conclusion : hMPV is circulating in Korean children and is associated with respiratory tract infection. Additional studies are required to define the epidemiology and the extent of diseases in the general population caused by hMPV.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.211-217
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• 2000

Purpose : Salmonellosis including typhoid fever is still prevalent in Korea. Recently it has been reported that the incidence of salmonella gastroenteritis is increasing with a reduction of typhoid fever. We studied the clinical and laboratory features of salmonellosis. Methods : We evaluated the clinical records of 83 patients with salmonellosis who had been confirmed by stool culture from 1994 to 1999. Results : Annual incidence of salmonellosis showed an increasing tendency during recent 4 years. Seasonally, summer(45.8%) was the most prevalent, followed by fall(32.5%). Male to female ratio was 1.4 : 1. In age distribution, 64 cases(77.1%) were under 5 year-old, and 18 cases(21.7%) were younger than 1 year-old. Clinical features included diarrhea(96.4%), fever(91.6%), vomiting(49.4%), bloody stool(42.1%), abdominal pain(40.1%) and tenesmus(12.0%). In serogroups, there was no group A and group B, group C, group D(including 2 cases of S.typhi) and group E were in 41.0%(34 cases), 3.6%(3 csaes), 51.8%(43cases) and 3.6%(3 cases), respectively. In Widal test, 5 cases(13.5%) and 1 case(2.7%) of group B, C and E(total 37 cases) were observed the O titer above 1 : 80 and 1 : 320, respectively. However, in 36 cases of group D, 19 cases(52.7%) and 9 cases(25.0%) were above the O titer 1 : 80 and 1 : 320, respectively. Antibiotics resistant rates to ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol were 23.2%, 10.1% and 51.4%, respectively. Conclusion : Salmonellosis has become a common cause of gastroenteritis in children, especially under the pre-school age. Isolation of salmonella is neccessary for accurate diagnosis of gastroenteritis and typhoid fever. A careful attention of the use of antibiotics is needed to reduce the muilti-drug resistant strains.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.162-166
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• 2009

Purpose : Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infectious disease in childhood. Renal scarring is an important complication of UTIs. Known risk factors for renal scarring are younger age, anatomic defects, delayed treatment, and causative pathogens other than Escherichia coli. The aim of this study was to compare the characteristics of clinical and laboratory features of UTI with E. coli to those with non-E. coli in infants. Methods : We reviewed the medical records of 1,120 infants under 12 months of age who had been admitted for UTIs between January 1998 and December 2007. All patients who were diagnosed with UTIs were divided into two groups (E. coli and non-E. coli UTIs). Results : Three hundred twenty-four of 1,120 cases met the inclusion criteria. The number of E. coli and non-E. coli UTIs was 273 (84.3%) and 51 (15.7%), respectively. As compared to the non-E. coli UTI group, the E. coli UTI group was younger (3.59 vs. 4.47 months, P =0.008), a longer duration of pyuria (3.96 vs. 3.06 days, P =0.01), higher peripheral white blood cell counts (13.89 vs. $12.13{\times}10^3/mm^3$, P =0.043), and lower rates of high degree (III-V) vesico-ureteral reflux (P =0.005). Conclusion : UTIs with E. coli might have more severe clinical features and a lower prevalence of high grade vesicoureteral reflux than UTIs with non-E. coli. However, no difference was noted in the clinical response to antibiotic therapy between the two groups.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.63-79
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• 2009

While previous epidemiological studies on temporomandibular disorders (TMD) have been based on a given health center or population sample, no study has been performed on general population of Korea, especially concerning about treatment pattern such as clinician’s specialty involved in TMD treatment, types and amount of prescription medication and cost. This study aimed to investigate magnitude of health visits and treatment patterns for Korean patients with TMD through the computerized database of Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRAS). Inclusion criteria were all patients registered on the HIRAS database over 3 years' period from 2003 to 2005 and the medical records of patients with TMD as a main diagnosis were extracted. Information collected was as follows; distribution related to gender, age and region and type of hospital the patients visited, treatment duration, clinicians' specialty involved in treatment, cost, types of prescription medication and surgical treatment. The results of this study indicated that 0.15% of the population yearly sought TMD treatment, presenting with increase of incidence over the three years. Most of TMD patients were women (99.8%) and the biggest age group was second and third decades and decreased with age. Seoul and Kyeonggi province presented with higher incidence of TMD compared to the other regions of Korea, which seems to be related with magnitude of population. 56% of TMD patients visited primary care sector and the numbers of treatment visits was the highest in dental clinic (38.4%), followed by orthopedics (28%) and ENT (13.6%) clinics in order. Duration of prescription medication was the longest for anti-inflammatory analgesics, followed by antipsychotic drugs and muscle relaxants. Inpatient care related to TMD was primarily performed in dental hospital compared to medical hospital. Medical database of HIRAS provided comprehensive and vast information on epidemiologic characteristics and treatment patterns for patients seeking TMD treatment, which can be more reliable data to expect medical demand for TMD in condition that accurate diagnosis and standardized treatment is delivered in clinical settings.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine if preoperative temporary discontinuation of antiplatelet medication (aspirin, clopidogrel, or cilostazol) is a safe procedure that does not increase early postoperative bleeding and allogenic blood transfusion after a total knee arthroplasty. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted among consecutive patients who underwent navigation assisted primary total knee arthroplasty performed by a single surgeon, from January 2013 to December 2016. A total of 369 patients enrolled in this study were divided into two groups, 271 patients with no history of antiplatelet therapy and 98 patients who underwent 7 days of temporary withdrawal of antiplatelet therapy. Comparative analysis between the two groups, on the variation of hemoglobin and hematocrit during the first and second postoperative days, was conducted to determine the amount of early postoperative bleeding and the frequency of allogenic blood transfusion during hospitalization. Results: The variation of hemoglobin, hematocrit during the first and second postoperative days and the frequency of allogenic blood transfusion between no history of antiplatelet medication and discontinuation antiplatelet medication before 7 days from surgery were similar in both groups. Of the 369 patients, 149 patients received a blood transfusion during their hospitalization. Compared to patients who did not receive a blood transfusion, those who did received blood transfusion were significantly older in age, smaller in height, lighter in weight, and showed significantly lower preoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit values. No statistically significant differences in sex, preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists scores, and the history of antiplatelet medication until 7 days prior to surgery were observed between the two groups according to blood transfusion. Conclusion: Compared to patients with no history of antiplatelet medication, the temporary discontinuation of antiplatelet medication 7 days prior to surgery in patients undergoing antiplatelet medication did not increase the amount of postoperative bleeding or the need for allogenic blood transfusion.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.522-527
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• 2001

We present a case of recurrent extraventricular neurocytoma with malignant glial differentiation in left temporoparietal area. A 37-year-old man with presentation of generalized seizure had undergone biopsy of brain tumor in left parietal area in 1987, which revealed extraventricular neurocytoma and radiotherapy was followed. Postoperative course was uneventful until eleven years after biopsy, when he became gradually aphasic and right hemiplegic. Brain CT and MRI revealed enlargement of tumor with peritumoral edema and calcifications. He underwent subtotal tumor removal in 1998. Microscopic examination of second biopsy specimen revealed presence of large areas composed of anaplastic glial cells with frequent mitosis, nuclear pleomorphism, large eosinophilic cytoplasm and eccentric nuclei, resembling gemistocytes, which were strongly immunoreactive to glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) but not to synaptophysin(SNP). Also focal areas of neuronal cells were found, which were immunoreactive to SNP but not to GFAP. These histologic findings imply that this recurred tumor was a high grade, mixed tumor with divergent differentiation of neuronal and astrocyte lineage. We report a rare case of extraventricular cerebral neurocytoma with malignant glial differentiation with review of the literature.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.10
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• pp.1071-1076
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• 2008

Purpose : Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory infections in infants and young children. Early detection allows quarantining of infected inpatients to prevent nosocomial transmission and to choose a treatment. To achieve rapid reporting, to facilitate prompt antiviral therapy, and to avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics, an easy, rapid diagnostic method for RSV is needed. We evaluated a lateral flow immunochromatography (RSV Respi-Strip test) and EIA (Enzyme immuno assay) compared to RT-PCR. Methods : From April 2007 to March 2008, 112 consecutive respiratory specimens (nasopharyngeal aspirates, throat swabs, tracheal aspirates, sputum) from patients who were suffering from the clinical signs and symptoms of respiratory tract infection were enrolled in Busan. A total of 112 patients were tested with RSV Respi-Strip (Corio-BioConcept, Belgium), EIA, and RT-PCR at the same time. Results : Of the 112 specimens tested, the number of children who showed positive results at RT-PCR and Respi-Strip were 45 and 42, respectively. The Respi-Strip rapid antigen test had a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 94%. The positive and negative predictive values were 90% and 92%, respectively. The agreement was 83%. Conclusion : In our study, the rapid antigen test had as much sensitivity as any method for detection of RSV. The test has many advantages such as easy performance, simple interpretation, and rapid results. If the rapid antigen test is widely applied in the clinical setting, the may be useful for diagnostic and epidemiological studies of RSV infection.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.449-453
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• 2002

Purpose : Arterial blood gas analysis is frequently performed in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to evaluate ventilation and the metabolic state of critically ill infants. In occasions when umbilical arterial catheterization is not available, frequent arterial puncture is mandatory. This requires some technical skill and may occasionally have side effects. So we studied the validity of capillary blood gas analysis which can be performed conveniently compared with arterial blood. Methods : Twenty-four neonates admitted to NICU during April to Aug. 2001 were studied. They were more than two weeks old without indwelling arterial catheters. Thirty-six times, simultaneous arterial, and capillary blood gases were drawn by puncture and the pH, $pCO_2$ and $pO_2$ of each sample was measured. Blood pressure and body temperature was checked before sampling to rule out impaired peripheral circulation. Capillary blood was collected from warmed heels. Results : There was a strong correlation between capillary and arterial pH(r=0.91, P<0.05). The absolute value of the difference between arterial and capillary pH was less than 0.05. Also capillary $pCO_2$ showed correlation with arterial $pCO_2$(r=0.77, P<0.05). Despite a statistically significant correlation between capillary and arterial $pO_2$(r=0.68, P<0.05), the absolute value of the difference was more than 10 mmHg in 92% of cases. Conclusion : Capillary blood gases accurately reflected arterial pH and $pCO_2$ and showed a relative correlation with $pO_2$. Capillary blood gas analysis can be a useful alternative to arterial blood when continuation of the umbilical arterial catheter is no longer available.

• The Microorganisms and Industry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.2-13
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• 1986

Agrobacterium tumefaciens의 연구는 유전공학 시대를 맞이하여 많은 연구자들의 커다란 주목을 끌고있다. 식물세포내에 외부 유전자를 도입시키는, 확실히 믿을 수 있는 vector로 등장된 때문이다. 원래 이세균은 식물 줄기나 뿌리에 암종을 유발시키므로서 암발성 원인 구명 연구로 흥미를 끌게 되었다. 연구결과는 암발생 예방및 치료에 목적을 둠은 덩연할 것이다. 많은 약제가 시험되었으나 별로 진전을 보지 못하던중 비 원인성인 Agrobacterium radiobacter, strain 84에 의한 생물학적 방제의 성공으로 유일한 방제법을 갖게되었다. 뒤이어 암종발생 기작도 밝혀졌다. Agrobacterium의 세계는 온통 유전공학 기술로 채워져 있다. 암종발생에서 방제원리에 이르기까지 수없이 먼 옛날부터 이미 익혀오던 DNA 조작기술이었던가\ulcorner 암종을 유발시키는 agrocin84 plasmid를 갖는 비병원성 Agrobacterium을 찾아 생물학적 방제법을 확립하였다. 그후 병원성 Agrobacterium은 이에 대하여 어떻게 살아남을 것인가\ulcorner 실로 놀라운 일이라 아니할 수 있을까\ulcorner 이 병원성 Agrobacterium은 비 병원성 Agrobacterium 속에 있는 agrocin 84 plasmid을 탈취하여 자신이 agrocin84를 생성분비하며 암종 유발을 계소하여 간다. 아니면 비병원성 Agrobacterium이 병원성 Agrobacterium에게 agrocin 84 plasmid를 넘겨주었을까\ulcorner 왜 넘겨주었을까\ulcorner 공존을 위하여서일까\ulcorner 우리의 유전공학 기술은 이것을 막아줄수 있을까\ulcorner 생물학적 방제의 재성공을 위하여 논제의 연구는 왜 필요했던가\ulcorner 그 전후를 여기에 서술해 본다.닭이며 또한 제한된 지면에서 충분히 고찰하기는 어렵다. 우리나라에서 자주 거론되는 백신 및 종류에 국한하여 그 문제점과 앞으로의 전망을 고찰해 보기로 한다.ocking electrode를 제작하여 복합고분자 전해질과의 계면저항을 측정하였다.nm (1.2921eV)는 acceptor-bound exciton 인 I1(AO,X) 이고, 964.6nm(1.2853eV)는 donor-acceptor pair(DAP) 발광, 1341.9nm (0.9239eV)는 self activated(SA)에 기인하는 광발광 봉우리로 고찰되었다.가 높을수록 방출전류가 시간에 따라 급격히 감소하였다. 각 duty비에서 방출전류의 양이 1/2로 감소하는 시점을 에미터의 수명으로 볼 때 duty비 대 에미터 수명관계를 구해 높은 duty비에서 전계방출을 시킴으로써 실제의 구동조건인 낮은 duty비에서의 수명을 단시간에 예측할 수 있었다. 단속적으로 일어난 것으로 생각된다.리 폐 관류는 정맥주입 방법에 비해 고농도의 cisplatin 투여로 인한 다른 장기에서의 농도 증가 없이 폐 조직에 약 50배 정도의 고농도 cisplatin을 투여할 수 있었으며, 또한 분리 폐 관류 시 cisplatin에 의한 직접적 폐 독성은 발견되지 않았다이 낮았으나 통계학적 의의는 없었다[10.0%(4/40) : 8.2%(20/244), p>0.05]. 결론: 비디오흉강경술에서 재발을 낮추기 위해 수술시 폐야 전체를 관찰하여 존재하는 폐기포를 놓치지 않는 것이 중요하며, 폐기포를 확인하지 못한 경우와 이차성 자연기흉에 대해서는 흉막유착술에 더 세심한 주의가 필요하다는 것을 확인하였다. 비디오흉강경수술은 통증이 적고, 입원기간이 짧고, 사회로의 복귀가 빠르며, 고위험군에 적용할 수 있고, 무엇보다도 미용상의 이점이 크다는 면에서 자연기흉에 대해 유용한 치료방법임에는

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.113-122
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine brain structural abnormalities in autistic children. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) findings in 22 male children with a DSM-Ⅲ-R diagnosis of autistic disorder and 17 non-autistic male control children were investigated. The ratio measures by lineometry was used to examine the cerebrum, midbrain, cerebellum, brain stem and ventricular system. The left to right ratio of the lateral ventricle was larger in autistic children than in controls. The pons was significantly larger in autistic children than in controls, and the cerebellum was smaller in autistic children. There were no significant differences between autistic children and controls in the symmetricity of the fontral lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe and temporal lobe, and in the size of the midbrain and 4th ventricle. These findings suggest that autistic disorder may be related to structural impairment of the brain.