• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.297-306
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• 2019

Since the centrifugal force acts on the flow in the curved channel, a transverse water surface gradient occurs and the thalweg is biased toward the outer bank. The submerged vanes may be used to solve various engineering problems of the curved channels. In order to analyze the influence of an attack angle and the distance between the vane arrays on the river bed variation and the superelevation in a bend, movable bed hydraulic experiments were conducted in a $90^{\circ}$ curved rectangular channel of a small-size gravel bed. Installing the submerged vanes in the bend increases the maximum scour depth. But if vanes are installed in a uniform obtuse angle, the scour depth may be reduced. If the flow rate in the channel bend with vanes equals to the channel forming discharge, the location of the maximum scour depth moved to the downstream and the superelevation increased. However if the flow rate is smaller than that, the location of the maximum scour depth moved upstream and the superelevation decreased. The channel bed change and the superelevation due to the installation of the submerged vanes have been dependent on the interaction of the attack angle, the flow rate, and the distance between the arrays.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.327-335
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• 2024

Pulse-like ground motions cause significant damage to structures. The presence and intensity of velocity pulses in seismic acceleration records can be evaluated by calculating the pulse indicator (PI). The PI values for the same earthquake differ by approximately 20 depending on the change in the incidence angle. In this study, PIs were evaluated according to changes in the incidence direction of seismic waves, and the seismic response and seismic fragility of bridge structures were evaluated using a pair of 40 seismic waves according to five PI percentiles (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100). The results show that as the PI of ground motion increases, the acceleration response spectrum also tends to increase proportionally. It was observed that the seismic response of the bridge increased with the PI of the seismic wave, which increased the seismic fragility. For seismic acceleration records with the maximum PI, the seismic fragility of piers tended to increase by approximately 25-27% on average compared to the case of seismic acceleration records with the minimum PI.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.83-95
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• 1990

It can be assumed that the ocean waves consist of many independent pure sinusoidal components which progress in arbitrary directions. To analyze irregular sea waves, both the spectrum method and the individual wave method have been used. The spectral approach is valid in the region where the water depth is deep and the linear property of velocity distribution is predominent, while the individual wave analysis method in the region where the water depth is shallow and the wave nonlinearity is significant. Therefore, to investigate the irregular wave transformation from the deep water to the shallow water region, it is necessary to relate the frequency spectrum which is estimated by the spectrum analysis method to the i oint probability distribution of wave height, period and direction affected by the boundary condition of the individual wave analysis method. It also becomes important to define the region where both methods can be applied. This study is a part of investigation to establish a systematic approach for analyzing the irregular wave transformation. The region where the spectral approach can be applied is discussed by earring out the experiments on the irregular wave transformation in the two-dimensional wave tank together with the numerical simulation. The applicability of the individual wave analysis method for predicting irregular wave transformation including wave shoaling and breaking and the relation between frequency spectrum and joint probability distribution of wave height and period are also investigated through the laboratory experiment and numerical simualtion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.81-88
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• 2014

In diagnostic radiology, each part is examined through serial radiography in most cases of general radiography. However, the reality is that, as for diagnostic reference level, measured values have been set up only for AP projection of each part and lateral projection. In the clinical setting, cumulative dose is incurred by serial radiography of patients, and this can make comparison of diagnostic reference level and cumulative exposure dose impossible or can lead to underestimation of diagnostic reference level. In this study, measurement of cumulative dose of serial radiography of each part revealed that when converting entrance surface dose to effective dose in case it is included in the exposure field, cumulative dose measured from a maximum of 38.06% to a minimum of 0.23% of individual dose limitation of the public. Also, when converting entrance surface dose of each part that is not included in the exposure field into effective dose, it measured from a maximum of 5% to a minimum of 0.04% of individual dose limitation of the public. Results of this study show entrance surface dose substantially increases in serial radiography of each part. Therefore, it is deemed that hospitals need to establish diagnostic reference level specifically, and subdivision of radiography orders for patients is also required in order to reduce unnecessary inspections. Moreover, the need of accurate exposure field is emphasized in case of inspection of several parts.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.347-350
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• 2017

In this paper, we implemented a real-time 2.4 GHz direction finding system using a time-modulated array(TMA) and an Universal Software Radio Peripheral(USRP). Our system consists of two commercial monopole antennas, self-designed switch board, and an USRP, and it is controlled using LabVIEW program in real-time. From measured results, it is verified that our system can exactly detect the incident angle within 4 degree in the range of 30 degree. Our direction finding system has advantages of a simple hardware architecture than conventional one with multiple receivers, and a simple algorithm only by using a main lobe and a first side-lobe of switching frequency.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.170-178
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• 1988

An automated ultrasonic flaw detection system was developed for thin-walled and short tubes such as Zircaloy-4 tubes used for cladding heavy-water reactor fuel. The system was based on the two channels immersion pulse-echo technique using 14 MHz shear wave and the specially developed helical scanning technique, in which the tube to be tested is only rotated and the small water tank with spherical focus ultrasonic transducers is translated along the tube length. The optimum angle of incidence of ultrasonic beam was 26 degrees, at which the inside and outside surface defects with the same size and direction could be detected with the same sensitivity. The maximum permissible defects in the Zircaloy-4 tubes, i.e., the longitudinal and circumferential v notches with the length of 0.76mm and 0.38mm, respectively and the depth of 0.04 mm on the inside and outside surface, could be easily detected by the system with the inspection speed of about 1 m/min and the very excellent reproducibility. The ratio of signal to noise was greater than 20 dB for the longitudinal defects and 12 dB for the circumferential defects.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.305-309
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• 2004

The problem for parameters estimation of the received signals impinging on array sensors has long been of great research interest in a great variety of applications, such as radar, sonar, and land mobile communications systems. Conventional subspace-based algorithms, such as MUSIC and ESPRIT, require an extensive computation of inverse matrix and eigen-decomposition. In this paper, we propose a new parameters estimation algorithm via nonlinear minimization, which is simplified computationally and estimates signal parameters simultaneously.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.833-839
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• 2011

This paper has suggested a technique for measuring VSWR at 1.8 GHz band for various modulated signals. By using directional coupler the power of incident and reflected wave is measured, and in order to minimize the size and cost of the measuring circuit, a SPDT(Single Pole Double Throw) switch is adopted to realize the circuit with just one detector and one A/D(Analog to Digital) converter. MCU(Micro Control Unit) is used to calculate the voltage reflection coefficient and VSWR, and the measured VSWR error has improved by approximately 0.2 with applying a simple bubble sorting algorithm to reduce the measurement error, the MCU process time and load.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• summer
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• pp.1172-1175
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• 2004

포항 방사광 가속기의 선형가속기는 2.5GeV 전자빔용 마이크로웨이브의 발생을 위하여 80 MW급 클라이스트론(klystron) 11대와 입사부용 65 MW 급 클라이스트론 1대를 사용한다. 80 MW 급 클라이스트론 부하를 구동하기 위하여 최대 펄스 정격출력 200MW(400kV, 500A, 평탄도 $4.4\;{\mu}s$)인 대출력 펄스 전원공급 장치(modulator)가 요구된다. 모듈레이터 시스템 용 PFN(pulse forming network) 커패시터의 충전용 입력전원으로써 최대 출력전압 50 kV, ${\pm}\;0.5\%$ 이내의 전압제어가 가능한 고전압 인버터 전원장치를 적용하여 PLS 선형가속기용 국산화 개발 클라이스트론 부하의 성능시험을 수행하였다. 국산화 개발된 S-band 펄스 클라이스트론은 고전압 길들이기 과정을 거쳐 최대 정격 출력 빔 전압 400 kV 이상까지 시험 완료하였다. 클라이스트론의 정확한 RF 출력성능의 측정을 위하여 방향성 결합기와 검파기를 설치하여 측정시스템의 성능을 개선하였다. 본 논문에서는 포항 방사광 가속기의 국산화 개발 1호 클라이스트론 부하의 성능시험을 위한 50 kV 급 인버터시스템 적용과정에서 수행하였던 시험장치 개선과 PFN의 충전 특성을 분석하였다. 또한, 클라이스트론의 고전압 및 RF 길들이기 시험 결과에 관하여 고찰하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.07c
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• pp.1756-1758
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• 2003

포항 방사광 가속기의 선형가속기는 2.5GeV 전자빔 용 마이크로웨이브의 발생을 위하여 80MW 급 클라이스트론(klystron) 11대와 입사부 용 65MW 급 클라이스트론 1대를 사용한다. 80-MW 급 클라이스트론 부하를 구동하기 위하여 최대 펄스 정격출력 200 MW(400kv, 500A, 평탄도 4.4 ${\mu}s$)인 대출력 펄스 전원공급 장치(modulator)가 요구된다. 모듈레이터 시스템 용 PFN(pulse forming network) 커패시터의 충전용 입력전원으로써 최대 출력전압 50 kV, ${\pm}$ 0.5% 이내의 전압제어가 가능한 고전압 인버터 전원장치를 적용하여 클라이스트론 부하의 성능시험을 수행하였다. 클라이스트론의 RF 전력과 입력 빔의 특성을 정확히 측정하기 위하여 응답특성이 양호한 측정 장치와 정밀한 측정이 요구된다. 인버터 시스템의 적용에 따른 모듈레이터의 충전 특성을 파악하였으며, 방향성 결합기와 검파기를 설치하여 클라이스트론의 RF 출력을 측정하였다. 본 논문에서는 포항 방사광 가속기의 대출력 펄스 고주파원으로 사용되는 클라이스트론 부하의 성능시험 과정에서 수행하였던 시험장치 개선 및 특성 분석, 고전압(빔전압 320 kV) 및 RF 길들이기의 시험 결과에 관하여 고찰하고자 한다.