• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.229.1-229.1
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• 2015

생체 시료인 세포나 조직을 분석을 위해 임의로 파괴하거나 훼손하지 않은 본래의 상태에서 세포에 존재하는 다양한 생체분자 물질의 질량과 조성을 분석하고 영상화할 수 있는 대기압 표면 질량분석 이미징 기술을 개발했다. 생체 시료의 표면을 질량 분석을 하기 위해서는 대기압 분위기에서 시료에 열적 손상이 없는 조건으로 시편의 이온화 및 탈착 과정이 이루어지게 하기 위해 저온 대기압 탈착/이온화원으로 저온대기압 플라즈마 젯과 펨토초 적외선 레이저를 결합하여 대기압 이온화원을 제작하였다. 기존에 잘 알려진 저온 대기압 플라즈마 젯 소자는 유리관에 방전기체를 흘려주고 전극에 고전압을 인가하는 방식으로 제작했으며, 또 다른 대기압 이온화원으로서 근적외선 대역의 고출력 펨토초 레이저 빔을 현미경용 대물렌즈로 집속하여 생체시료에 조사시켰다. 수백 나노미터에서 수 마이크로미터 수준으로 빔을 집속할 수 있는 펨토초 레이저는 금나노로드의 도움으로 생체 시료를 매우 작은 수준으로 탈착하는 데 주로 사용하며, 수십 마이크로미터에서 수 밀리미터 정도의 크기를 가지는 저온 대기압 플라즈마 젯은 탈착된 물질을 이온화시키는데 사용하여, 이 두 가지 이온화원을 결합하여 이온화원으로 사용한다. 시료에서 발생한 이온을 질량분석기 입구까지 잘 끌고 갈 수 있도록 이온 전달관을 설계하고 보조펌프를 장착 사용한다. 이렇게 자체 개발한 대기압 이온화원을 상용 질량분석기기와 결합하여 대기압 분위기에서 시료의 표면을 질량분석할 수 있는 시스템과 측정 기술을 개발했다. 현미경 스테이지에 정밀 2-D 자동 스캐닝 스테이지를 장착하여 질량분석 정보에 공간 정보를 더할 수 있는 질량분석 이미징 기술 방법을 개발하여 생체 시편의 질량분석 이미징을 얻었다. 수분을 포함하는 생채시료로부터 단백질, 지질, 대사물질을 직접 분리하여 분석하는 이 새로운 질량분석법은 기존의 분석법에 비해 훨씬 더 많은 생체분자 정보를 얻을 수 있으며 공간정보를 더해 영상화할 수 있는 큰 장점이 있다. 대기압 표면 질량분석 기술은 생체시료를 파괴해서 용액화할 필요도 없으며, 진공 챔버에 넣기 위해 필요한 복잡한 전처리 과정 단계를 간략화 할 수 있으며 최종적으로는 살아있는 세포나 생체 조직도 정량 분석이 가능하여 생명과학 및 의료진단 분야에서 응용할 수 있는 분야는 무궁무진할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 2004

The paper describes the rainfall-runoff. soil moisture distribution and subsurface flow of 'U-shaped Goll' valley head slope to evaluate quantitatively the interaction between the water circulation system and geomorphic development. The findings are as follows: The fissure and the pipe entrance in front of 'U-shaped Goll' introduce a lot of direct runoff into either the soil pipe or the soil layer to accelerate the erosion of the soil layer, so that they are likely to contribute to the expansion and development of the soil pipe. Most of soil water is to be drained in pipe flow, while some of remaining soil water is to be fed into groundwater. Therefore, low rainfall intensity is thought to let both the groundwater level and the pipe flow react sensitively by the effects of the precedent rainfall even at events: As a result, the soil pipe is said to be an important factor having influence upon the material balance of 'U-shaped Goll' valley head slope. On the other hand, the groundwater shows greater specific flux at the top than at the bottom, and relatively larger specific flux is applied to the top to make 'U-shaped Goll' valley head slope go back to the top.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.357-366
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• 2007

In Gomso Bay, on the west coast of Korea, the surface sediments sampled in 1991 and 2006 were analysed to identify the long-term variations of tidal flat sediments. Silt and clay contents have decreased in the bay-mouth tidal flats whereas sand and clay contents have decreased on the inner-bay and bay-head tidal flats over the last 15 year period. In particular, the clay contents of the tidal flats in 2006 were relatively low when compared to those of both tidal flats adjacent to other semi-enclosed bays and those of the tidal flats in 1991. The variations of textural compositions in the tidal flat sediments have led to changes of the sedimentary facies. It indicates that the changes must have been made by the changes of hydrodynamic conditions impacted by human activities, such as the construction of sea-walls, land reclamation, structures of farms constructed compactly near the low water line, and the Saemangeum dyke constructed in the northern part of the area where this research was conducted.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.301-307
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• 2012

The characteristics of pressure loss in an asymmetric bifurcating tube were investigated numerically for steady inspiratory conditions. The loss coefficient K calculated for various asymmetry and flow-distribution ratios found in human lung airways showed a power-law dependence on the Reynolds number (Re) and length-to-diameter ratio (L/d), with different exponents for Re $\geq$ 100 and Re < 100. The fundamental characteristics of the asymmetric bifurcation are similar to the case of symmetric bifurcation. In addition, the effect of skewed inlet velocity profiles on the pressure loss was weak, and decreased with an increasing number of bifurcations.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1127-1133
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• 2012

A finned-tube-type evaporator module has been proposed for a 2 t/h-class water-tube-type industrial boiler with multiple burners. The geometry of the fins was changed at each module to equalize the evaporation. The modules were designed by considering the energy balance at each row rather than by following a conventional bulk design procedure. The designed module was built into a 2 t/h-class water-tube-type boiler, and its performance was tested. A numerical simulation was also conducted to evaluate the two- or three-dimensional effects of factors such as the inlet conditions. The numerical simulation also included the conjugate heat transfer problem to predict the fin tip temperature. The heat transfer coefficient with fins is lower than that obtained from the empirical correlation of a bare tube. The fin tip temperature from CFD is higher than that from the analytical solution.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.367-375
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• 2013

In this study, the characteristics of the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop were numerically analyzed according to the axis ratio (AR), pitch, location of vortex generator, and bump phase of the tube surface about an elliptical fin-tube heat exchanger. The boundary condition for CFD analysis was decided as a tube surface temperature of 348 K and inlet air velocity of 1-5 m/s. RSM 7th turbulent model was chosen as the numerical analysis for the sensitivity level. The analysis results indicated that the AR and transverse pitch decreased whereas the heat transfer coefficient increased. On the other hand, there was little difference in the longitudinal pitch. Furthermore, the heat transfer rate was more favorable when the vortex generator was located in front of the tube. Also, the bump phase of the tube surface indicated that the pressure drop and heat transfer were more favorable with the circle type than with the serrated type.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.259-266
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• 2003

Load reduction ring (LRR) was installed on the ABB-Atom sparger to reduce the oscillatory loadings due to the air bubble clouds in the water pool in case of safety relief system operations. In order to investigate the effect of LRR on the pressure field, a numerical simulation on the behavior of air bubble clouds discharging into a water pool through a ABB-Atom sparser without LRR was performed by using a commercial thermal hydraulic analysis code, FLUENT 4.5. Among the multi-phase models contained in the code, the VOF (Volume Of Fluid) model was used to simulate the interface of water, air and steam flows. By comparing the analysis results with the previous ones, the load reduction ring has an effect on reducing the oscillatory loads at the wall. It also includes the effect of air mass and inlet boundary conditions of the pipe on the pressure oscillations at the wall.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.479-485
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• 1990

For the automation of a evaporation process, computer based evaporation system was built and applied to acquisition of the process variables with an centrifugal thin film evaporator(Centri-Therm, CT-1B). Controls of the process conditions were performed by computer system for pressure, feeding rate, steam, evaporation temperature and flow rate of cooling water. The data acquisitions were also performed by computer system for the changes in the concentration and temperature readings for steam, evaporation and cooling water at the both inlet and outlet. The control and the acquisition variables were collected through the interface device and analyzed by programs using the PASCAL language. To control the feeding rate during the concentration process, inverter was used. The cooling water for the vapor condensation was controlled by the valve controller and should be supplied with the flow rate of 125 kg/h. The maximum vapor condensation rate was 41.7kg/h at the feeding rate of 125 kg/h.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

Pressurized fluidized bed combustion unit is operated at pressures of 1~1.5 MPa with combustion temperatures of 850~87$0^{\circ}C$. The pressurized coal combustion system heats steam, in conventional heat transfer tubing, and produces a hot gas supplied to a gas turbine. Gas cleaning is a vital aspect of the system, as is the ability of the turbine to cope with some residual solids. The need to pressurize the feed coal, limestone and combustion air, and to depressurize the flue gases and the ash removal system introduces some significant operating complications. The proportion of power coming from the steam : gas turbines is approximately 80:20%. Pressurized fluidized bed combustion and generation by the combined cycle route involves unique control considerations, as the combustor and gas turbine have to be properly matched through the whole operating range. The gas turbines are rather special, in that the maximum gas temperature available from the FBC is limited by ash fusion characteristics. As no ash softening should take place, the maximum gas temperature is around 90$0^{\circ}C$. As a result a high pressure ratio gas turbine with compression intercooling is used. This is to offset the effects of the relatively low temperature at the turbine inlet.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.304-318
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• 1993

1991년 8월부터 그이듬해 7월까지 채취된 무지개 송어(Oncorhvnchus mykiu) 난모세포의발달 단계를 이해하기 위하여 광필 및 전자현미경을 이용하여 본 각구를 실시하였다. 건국 대학교 축산대학 양수.장에서 수온이 14-16$^{\circ}C$이고 용존산소량이 7.6 $\pm$ 0.3ppm. PH 5.8 $\pm$ 0.2인 자연채광 상태인 1개의 10m3 탱크에서 N R.C. 사양표준에 준한 펠렛트 배합사료를 급여하여 연중 사육중인 체중 700-1,2009의 한복새끼인 무지개 송어 암컷 120마리를 공시희.로 이용 하였다. LPO(late perinucleolus oocyte), EMO(early maturing oocyte) 단계에서 과립막 세포와 협막세포와 같은 난포막 세포는 단층구조로 부터 입 방형구조로 변화되었고. 완전한 성장, 성숙 및 과숙기에 방사대(Eons rsdiat3)에 있는 pore canals의 입구가 봉쇄되었다. 방사대는 맨바깥목에 균일하면서 점은 두께의 막과 나선형의 두꺼운 복의 2개의 막으로 구성되어 있으며. 성숙기에 있는 난모세포에는 수초 및 자갈에 붙을 수 있는 온수성 어종 보다 상대적으로 얇은 점액성의 막이 그 주위를 둘러싸고 있다. 난모세포가 성장함에 따라 세포질 주변부 및 임립등 세포내에 막대기 형태의 미토콘드리아와 비대해진 내형질세강의 육가 급증하였다. 전자밀도가 높은 소포는 방사대에 인접한 난세포질 주변부에 많이 존재하며. 이는 성장중인 방사대의 pore Canals을 통해서 간으로 부터 합성된 단백질과 탄수화물을 수송하는 것과 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 사료된다. 자연적인 조건하에서 fP포막은 난형성 및 이에 영향을 미치는 성호르몬의 발달에 충분한 대르몬을 계절에 따라 분비시키는 데에 커다란 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.