• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.110-120
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• 2014

In this study, Chwibyeong studied only in the literature on the basis of the composition method through the book, Imwonkyungjeji. I tried to represent through the installation of facilities and planting of trees. I have obtained the following results. First, we presented the basic direction of Chwibyeong represented by analyzing the composition methods in the literature. Second, represented the Chwibyeong based on the results of the analysis of the literature. I was and comparative analysis of the content analysis literature the specificity of the method of manufacturing facilities and growth characteristics of trees that have been displayed during the represent process. Third, we derive how to manage trees that are grasped through the Chwibyeong represent process, how to manage the facility, such as the installation method. Currently, Chwibyeong is restored in the front of Changdeokgung Juhapru pavilion, but showing the appearance different from the appearance of Chwibyeong shown in the literature. Therefore, after the 18th century, prototype representation of Chwibyeong is intended to be able to find the traditional and the uniqueness. It has been used as an element of the garden of Korea, and intended to be an important role to find the flavor of the Korean garden.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.327-335
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• 2012

This study was reviewed the changes in main ingredients, seasonings and cooking methods of Tangpyeongchae in Korean cook books and literatures published from the 1700s to the 1960s. The first published books about Tangpyeongchae were in Kosasibijib and Kyongdojabji, written in 1783 and the late 1700s, respectively. Tangpyeongchae, a representative traditional Korean dish that was royal cuisine offered at ritual events in the Chosun Dynasty, was called Cheongpochae in the royal court. It was a dish made by mixing cheongpomuk (mung bean gel), meat, dropwort, mung bean sprout, egg strips and laver. This dish has been seasoned with vinegar, soy sauce, black pepper, garlic, green onion, red pepper, salt, sugar, sesame oil and sesame salt since the early 1900s. Dropwort, egg strips, laver, pine nut (powder), red pepper powder, and red pepper threads were used as garnishes. Tangpyeongchae was made by mixing cheongpomuk with other ingredients and seasonings until the late 1800s. Since the early 1900s Tangpyeongchae has been seasoned first with other ingredients and then mixed cheongpomuk.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.18
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• pp.143-167
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• 2009

As of entering the 21st century, a trend in the field of a private security industry among the advanced countries have been increased a qualification system and train session to meet the needs of professionalism. Intensifying the professionalism in Korea, education and train system has been initiated to change but the oligopoly market already formulated due to impractical selection standard and management of education system. Issuing certification and offering basic training through a designated institution for the purpose of improving quality of the private security industry worker, its practical effectiveness were lower than expectation. Rather certification-holder or security agency, institution or truster's rent-seeking behavior have been increased by occupational licensing system. The founded results, which were associated to problems in selecting and educating to the private security guard, in this study were that any verification has been initiated towards dual-system in official approval and structural problems in education system, and non-existence of verification for professionalism and management capability to security agency owner and its upper managerial level. Current a dual system in an officially authorized verification system and completion of security guard credential requested change to an unified official qualification verification system to solve those problems. Ranges of an applicant to the unified official qualification verification system should be extend to the whole population in the private security industry. Moreover, minimization of the dead-weigh loss, which is caused by oligopoly phenomenon while using its market-dominant status, increasement number of designated institution, which allows self-regulating competition, and endowment of autonomy, which is in selecting education and agency, were requested to solve the problems in selecting and educating to the private security guard. In order to minimize stated problems while maintaining objectiveness, a new manage and supervise institution, which is called a 'private security industry committee', should be establish. The private security industry committee is a formation of governance network which are participated from professional group to civil organization.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.762-768
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• 2014

In this study, the ameliorating effects of lactic acid-fermented garlic extract (LAFGE) on non-alcoholic fatty liver were investigated using oleic acid-induced steatotic HepG2 cells. The ameliorating mechanism was analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blot. Treatment with 1 mg/mL LAFGE decreased intracellular lipid accumulation approximately 1.5-fold, compared to that achieved with non-fermented garlic extract. LAFGE reduced fatty acid influx into hepatocytes through down-regulation of FAT/CD36 mRNA expression in the steatotic HepG2 cells. $PPAR{\alpha}$ and CPT-1 mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated by LAFGE treatment of HepG2 cells as a consequence of activation of beta oxidation. Additionally, the treatment with 1 mg/mL LAFGE highly down-regulated mRNA expression of SREBP-1c and FAS to 51% and 35%, respectively. LAFGE showed concentration-dependent down-regulation patterns in protein expression of SREBP-1c and FAS, as determined by Western blot. These results suggest that LAFGE treatment improves hepatic steatosis triggered by the imbalance of hepatic lipid metabolism owing to oleic acid treatment.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.376-383
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• 2003

To establish the differential diagnosis and treatment method in bovine ovarian cysts, specially ovarian cysts with corpus luteum, serum progesterone concentration, rectal palpation and ultrasonography for measuring the cystic wall thickness and diameter of cyst and corpus luteum were investigated from 1,188 dairy cows with ovarian cysts. The plasma progesterone concentrations were 0.3$\pm$0.4 (mean$\pm$SD) ng/ml in 629 cows with follicular cysts, 3.7$\pm$1.1 ng/ml in 431 cows with luteal cysts, and 3.8$\pm$1.2 ng/ml in 128 cows with coexist of ovarian cysts and corpus luteum, respectively. The cystic wall thickness by ultrasonography were 1.6$\pm$0.4 mm in 629 cows with follicular cysts, 4.2$\pm$1.5 mm in 431 cows with luteal cysts, and 1.6$\pm$0.6 mm in 128 cows with coexist of ovarian cysts and corpus luteum, respectively. The days from initial treatment to insemination in follicular cysts were 28.1$\pm$6.9 days in treatment of GnRH alone, 15.9$\pm$2.9 days in combination of GnRH and dinoprost, and 15.1$\pm$3.1 days in combination of GnRH and cloprostenol. The percentages of cows conceived within 100 days after initial treatment were 61 %, 68% and 73% in treatment of GnRH alone, combination of GnRH and dinoprost, and combination of GnRH and cloprostenol, respectively. The days from initial treatment to insemination in luteal cysts were 3.8$\pm$0.6 days in treatment of dinoprost alone and 3.8$\pm$0.7 in cloprostenol alone. The percentages of cows conceived within 100 days after initial treatment were 69.5% and 68.5% in treatment of dinoprost and cloprostenol, respectively. The days from initial treatment to insemination in coexist of cysts and corpus luteum were 3.7$\pm$0.7 days in treatment of dinoprost alone and 3.8$\pm$0.6 in cloprostenol alone. The percentages of cows conceived within 100 days after initial treatment were 87% and 84% in treatment of dinoprost and cloprostenol, respectively. These results suggest that the best choice for treatment agents in ovarian cysts were combination of GnRH and PGF$_2$$\alpha$ in follicular cysts, and the PGF$_2$$\alpha$ in luteal cysts and in coexist of cysts and corpus luteum, respectively. In conclusion, it is suggest that ultrasonography is useful diagnostic tool for diagnosis and selection of treatment remedy in cystic ovaries of bovine.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.1045-1051
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• 1997

Three kinds of model melanoidins adjusted to have the same brown color intensity were made from glucose-glycine, glucose-lysine, xylose-arginine and their antioxidative properties were determined. The antioxidative activities of these model melanoidins in linoleic acid emulsion system were determined by ferric thiocyanate method, conjugated diene contents, peroxide value and electron donating ability by DPPH. Xylose-arginine melanoidin showed the strongest antioxidative activity and electron donating ability. The antioxidative effect of melanoidin could be reliably predicted by determining peroxide value and DPPH method. Each melanoidin was separated on Sephadex G-50 column, and brown color intensity, reducing power, ninhydrin positive reaction and antioxidative activity of each fraction were determined. The antioxidative activities of melanoidin fractions showed strong correlation with their brown color intensity and especially to their reducing power. In spite of same brown color intensity, there is no big differences between these model melanoidins, thus xylose-arginine showing strongest antioxidative activity followed by glucose-lysine and glucose-glycine melanoidin. Xylose-arginine melanoidin also showed the strongest electron donating activity and broad range of reducing power when fractionated on Sephadex G-50, which was different tendency from the other model melanoidin.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.120-124
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• 2008

Objectives : The current study aimed at assessing clinical symptoms and personality characteristics on MMPI of patients in Hwa-Byung clinic. Methods : Thirty-one female patients($45.4{\pm}8.4$ years old) who visited to the Hwa-Byung Clinic in Ewha womans Dongdaemoon hospital were recruited. Semistructured interviews and laboratory tests for symptoms were performed for the patients group. Patients group and control group($42.9{\pm}8.0$ years old) completed MMPI. Results : All patients had symptoms of chest tightness or chest pain. 19(61.3%) out of 31 patients had gastrointestinal complaints. There were respiratory symptoms in 13(41.9%) patients. 12 patients(38.7%) suffered from difficulties in their sleep. 12 patients(38.7%) had psychiatric symptoms including anxiety or depressed mood. 8 patients(27.6%) were diagnosed as gastrointestinal diseases by the laboratory test. After controlling age and education, scores of Hs, D, Hy, Pt on MMPI in patients group were significantly higher than control group (p=0.001, p=0.049, p=0.000, and p=0.029, ANCOVA, respectively). Conclusion : In the current study, patients who have visited Hwa-Byung clinic showed various somatic symptoms including chest tightness, gastrointestinal symptoms, complaints in respiratory system and psychiatric symptoms. Based on laboratory tests, considerable proportion of patients was diagnosed as physical illnesses. Additionally, patients in Hwa-Byung clinic have a tendency to be more hypochondriatic, depressed, hysteric and anxious.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.81-88
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• 2014

Purpose - Entrepreneurship promotion is emerging as an important economic growth agenda. However, in Korea, entrepreneurship has weakened because of the collapse of the venture bubbles of the 2000s and the global economic recession in 2008, which have induced the business community to choose stability over risk. The Korean government has been implementing several support projects to inspire and promote youth entrepreneurship through various means including financial assistance; however, the perpetuation rate of young entrepreneurship is still low as compared to advanced economies such as the US and EU. This case study focuses on the Youth Start-Up Business Support Program of the Small & Medium Business Corporation, and explores practical alternatives. Further, it aims to suggest managerial factors and a conceptual model for change management factors affecting the business performance creation of a startup company, based on the Small and medium Business Corporation's young venture startup fund. Research design, data, and methodology - Many studies examine the current progress and issues of startup firms, for example, a lack of systematic cultivation of entrepreneurship and startup business training, lack of commercialization funding for youth startup businesses, lack of mentoring, and inadequate infrastructure. From prior research, we address four factors, namely, personal managerial capabilities, innovative business model, sufficient cash flow, and social network, affecting startup companies' business performance. This study involved a sample survey of 200 young entrepreneurs to investigate casual relations between the four factors and business performance. A regression analysis was used to verify the hypotheses. Results - First, in relation to differences in the founder's personal characteristics, age, sales amount, and number of employees significantly impact business performance. Second, regarding the causal relation between the four factors for creating business performance, an innovative business model and social networking have supported the hypotheses, revealing that the more that a start-up founder has an innovative business model and social networking, the more the start-up firms are likely to have better performance (e.g., sales volume, employment, ROE, ROI, etc.). Although the founder's competency and sufficient cash flow have no significant relationship with business performance, the mean value was higher performance for high founder's competency and sufficient cash flow. Conclusions - This study provides basic data on policy support strategies of the Small and Medium Business Corporation, to help young entrepreneurs achieve their start-up business goals. It shows that young entrepreneurship startup firms should strive to explore ideas to satisfy customers' needs, and that changes in customer value and the continuous innovation of business model differentiation are required to actively respond to change management. Moreover, at the infant startup stage, they should activate social network programs to share information, thereby offsetting resource scarcity and managing business risk. Further, the establishment of a long-term vision and the implementation of training programs in related specific fields should be supported to strengthen founders' personal capabilities.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Background: Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) rely on their upper limbs for body-lifting activity (BLA). While studies have examined the electromyography (EMG) and kinematics of the shoulder joints during BLA, no studies have considered foot position during BLA. Objects: This study compared the effects of different foot positions during BLA on the shoulder muscle activities, peak plantar pressure, knee flexion angle, and rating perceived exertion in individuals with SCI. Methods: The study enrolled 13 mens with motor-complete paraplegic SCI, ASIA (American Spinal Injury Association) A or B. All subjects performed BLA with the feet positioned on the wheelchair footrest and on the floor independently. Surface EMG was used to collect data from the latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, serratus anterior, and triceps brachii. The peak plantar pressure was measured using pedar-X and the knee flexion angle with Image J. Borg's rating perceived exertion scale was used to measure the physical activity intensity level. The paired t-test was used to compare the shoulder muscle activities, peak plantar pressure, knee flexion angle, and rating perceived exertion between the two feet positions during BLA. Results: The activity of the latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, serratus anterior, and triceps brachii and rating perceived exertion decreased significantly and the peak plantar pressure and knee flexion angle increased significantly when performing BLA with the feet positioned on the wheelchair footrest compared with on the floor (p<.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that individuals with SCI may perform BLA with the feet positioned on the wheelchair footrest for weight-relief lifting to decrease the shoulder muscle activities and the rating perceived exertion and to increase the peak plantar pressure and the knee flexion angle.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.430-439
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• 2002

The development of reinforcing steel is required in reinforced concrete structures. The standard hooks that have been widely used for the tensile development in the beam-column joints tend to create difficulties of construction such as steel congestion as the member cross sections are becoming smaller due to the use of higher strength concrete and higher grade steel. Using the reinforcing bars with end mechanical anchoring device (headed reinforcement) provides potential economies in construction such as reduction in development lengths, simplified details, and improved responses to cyclic loadings. In this paper, the pullout strengths and behaviors of the headed reinforcement were experimentally studied. In 33 pullout tests performed using D25 deformed reinforcing bars, the test parameters were embedment depth, edge distance, head size, and the use of transverse reinforcement. The pullout strengths determined from tests closely agreed with the pullout strengths predicted using the CCD method. The pullout strengths increased with increasing embedment depths nd edge distances. The strengths tend to increase with the use of larger heads. From the experimental program where the effect of the transverse reinforcement was examined, a modification factor to the CCD was suggested to represent the effect of such reinforcement that is installed across the concrete failure plane on the pullout strengths.