• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.401-410
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• 2016

Since the late 19th century, scientific logic and techniques have been used extensively in the field of clinical pathology, including many laboratory tests utilizing various apparatuses and instruments. Among the techniques to measure hemoglobin, the visual color comparison method was most popular around this time; the specific gravity method and gasometric method were not widely adopted. Instruments that use the visual color comparison method include Gowers' hemoglobinometer, von Fleischl's hemoglobinometer, Dare's hemoglobinometer, Oliver's hemoglobinometer, Haden-Hausser hemoglobinometer, and Spencer Hb meter. Initially, the visual color comparison methods were used to diluate and hemolyze blood with distilled water and then to measure its color. Later, these methods were further developed to measure hemoglobin without dilution, and improved with the formation of acid or alkaline hematin ensuring the stability of color development. Hammerschlag's method as well as the Schmaltz and Peiper's methods were based on specific gravity measurement, but they were not widely used. The gasometric method used the Van Slyke gasometer, indirectly measuring the hemoglobin concentration. This method provides the most accurate results. This survey examined the characteristics and limitations of hemoglobinometers and methods used to measure hemoglobin from the late 19th century to the early-and mid-20th century. Moreover, this study aims to improve the understanding and applicability of the current methods and emerging technologies used in measuring hemoglobin. It is also expected that this investigation is the starting point to promote awareness of the need to organize historical data for a variety of historical relics of the diagnostic laboratory tests.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.10-23
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• 2000

Four-constitutional theory proposed by Dr. Lee, Je-ma has been evolve for last 100years by his followers. One of the major progresses was the emergence of constitutional acupuncture proposed by Dr. Kwan Doh-won. Constitutional acupuncture included the new pulse diagnostic method to determine the body type, pulse diagrams and corresponding acupuncture method called five element acupuncture in which five-element points in 12 meridian channels are used. Dr. Sa-ahm proposed five-element acupuncture three and a half hundred years age. Conjunction of Dr Lee's theory to Dr. Kwan proposed eight constitutions with eight pulse diagrams. He also adopted eight acupuncture prescriptions out of twenty-four Sa-ahm's acupuncture prescriptions. The author, Dr. Yom Tae-hwa, proposed more inclusive theory of 24 constitutions with 24 diagnostic pulse diagrams in Las Vegas International Acupuncture Convention in 1986. This article reviews history of constitutional medicine briefly. Each step of theoretical evolution from four-constitutional theory to twenty-four-constitutional theory is explained. By understanding the theoretical connection between twelve meridian channels based on five-element theory and four-constitutional theory in the article, one will easily accept the emergence of twelve of twenty four constitutional theory. Next, the article is focused on four subcategories under Sao-Yin constitution, which are one-sixth of 24 constitution. in this section classification, pulse diagnostic method, pulse diagram acupuncture prescriptions and herbal prescriptions are explained in detail. Then, clinical trial reports of acupuncture treatment and/or herbal formulas for such constitutions are attached for the rest part of the article. the purpose of this paper is to present the new hypothesis with the result of preliminary clinical trial hoping that additional clinical reports from other practitioners in this field triggers well-designed clinical study in future.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.16-27
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• 2004

The purpose of this article is to review the recent studies about what attchment is, which historical background it has, how it develops and affects on the following development. Also the clinical implications of attachment and problems for its clinical application were discussed. As the quality of the attachment formed at earlier years is continued for a lifetime as the form of the internal working model, it affects persons' pathological development as well as normal one. Accordingly this article will be able to give a insight for prevention and treatment of pathological attachment and various psychological disorders.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.8-17
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• 2006

Neurofeedback, also known as EEG biofeedback or neurotherapy, is a new therapy differentiated from biofeedback in that brain waves are monitored to study brain itself as well as its functions. Needless to say, it has originated from biofeedback, however it has established itself as an independent and specialized therapy in the field of neurotherapy. In order to have a better understanding of neurofeedback we are going to have a look into its historical and theoretical background first and then we will explain how it can be used clinically. Neurofeedback was clinically introduced for epilepsy for the first time and its effect was proved. Since then it has been used successfully for a number of psychiatric disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), anxiety, anxiety and mood disorder, sleep disorder, substance dependency, etc. Furthermore, it has been used for non-psychiatric or psychosomatic symptoms, such as headache, chronic pains, chronic fatigue symptoms, etc. Recently, it has been also used for non-medical areas, such as improvement of peak performance for sports and art activities, enhancement of cognitive function, etc, making the neurofeedback a very promising field for its potential and effectiveness.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.382-390
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• 2018

The history of the pregnancy test started in ancient Egypt with a germination test using wheat and barley. Since then, unscientific methods have been used from the days of Hippocrates and Galen to the Middle Ages when uroscopy was used, even until the early 1800s. On the other hand, since the mid-1800s, scientific methods and evidence have begun to emerge, which led to scientific research on the physiological characteristics of pregnancy. The first attempt to utilize these scientific findings was initiated with the bioassay by Aschheim and Zondek using rats and mice in 1927, and then developed into experiments using rabbits and frogs. The immunoassay method, which started in the 1960s, contributed greatly to the generalization of the pregnancy tests while improving the problems of the bioassay. In 1976, a pregnancy test kit was introduced that can be used at home, contributing to the popularization of pregnancy tests. Since the 1980s, technological advances in diagnostic tests have also been applied to pregnancy tests to further improve the reliability of the diagnosis of pregnancy. In the 2000s, the accuracy and ease of use of the pregnancy test kits for home use have improved drastically. This study examined the history and scientific development of the pregnancy test.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2012

In an edentulous situation, the dentist must make several determinations when constructing artificial teeth. These include vertical and horizontal relationships of mandible with respect to the maxilla, occlusal form and position, vertical dimension, occlusal relationships during both centric closure and eccentric excursive movements. Artificial teeth are attached to a movable base resting on movable and displaceable living tissue subject to damage. They act as a unit; therefore, they must be arranged to function as a unit. Bilateral balanced occlusion is that stability of the denture is attained when bilateral contacts ex ist throughout all dynamic and static states of the denture during function. Lateral excursion in a balanced scheme implies simultaneous working side and nonworking side contact, while occlusal contacts are maintained on both anterior and posterior teeth as the mandible moves anteriorly into protrusion.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.26 no.1 s.139
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• pp.43-48
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• 1987

분만진행에 수직체위가 효과적이라는 것을 연구하는 연구자는 이러한 체위가 자궁수축력을 강화하고 분만시간을 단축하여 분만시 동통을 감소시킨다는 것을 파악했다. 분만과 출산 시 쪼그리고 앉는 방법이 역사적으로 오랜 기간 동안 적용되어 왔음에도 불구하고 연구자들은 여러가지 분만방법의 장점에 대한 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 임상 경험에 의해 쪼그리고 앉는 자세가 보다 효과적임을 알면서도 여러가지 위험을 우려하여 적용을 기피하고 있다. 그러나 연구자들은 앞으로 이러한 체위의 가치를 확인하고 특별히 다른 체위와 비교하여 쪼그리고 앉는 행위가 경관열상의 빈도, 분만 1,2기의 시간, 분만 중이나 분만 후의 뇨정체의 유무, 제대탈출의 빈도등이 어떠한지를 파악하여야 할 것이다. 쪼그리고 앉는 체위에 대한 가장 좋은 잇점을 얻기 위해 조산자는 이러한 체위를 언제 어떻게 할 것인가에 대한 지식을 가져야 한다. 또한 융통성있고 창조적인 접근방법을 시도하여 의학적수행과 분만시 사정을 용이하게 하고 산부와 의료요원이 보다 편안하도록 하여야 한다. 조산교육자나 조산자는 분만시 그들의 체위에 대한 교육을 포함하여 쪼그리고 앉은 방법의 효과적인 적용을 위해 노력해야 한다. 임부에게 안전, 편안함, 분만의 효과적인 진행, 모든 선택 가능한 체위들을 교육하고 그러한 체위 중 쪼그리고 앉는 방법을 선택하도록 격려해야 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1992.05a
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• pp.17-17
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• 1992

항균성 물질을 이용한 화학 요법의 역사는 1930 년대 초 술폰아미드의 발견으로부터 비롯되었고, 페니실린의 발견 이래 $\beta$-lactam 계 항생제가 주종을 이루고 있다. 1963년 Lesher 와 Gruett 에 의해 합성된 nalidixic acid 가 요도염 치료제로 임상에 사용된 이후 이와 유사한 구조를 갖는 항균제 개발에 많은 연구가 진행되어 제 1세대, 제 2세대의 quinolone 개발에 이어 1950년대에 들어 제 3세대 quinolone의 개발이 활발히 진행되어 왔다. 제 3세대 항생제는 C-6 위치에 F기를 도입한 것으로 연구의 진행 방향은 항균력의 향상과 체내에서의 지속 시간의 연장, 경구 투여시 흡수로의 증가와 독성의 약화를 위한 것이다. 본 연구는 quinolone의 기본 골격을 유지하면서 C-7 위치에 새로운 group을 도입하여 그에 대한 항균력을 측정하여 새로운 quinolone계 항생제의 개발을 시도하였다.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.155-159
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• 1993

나는 미국과 캐나다에서의 수의과교육의 현황을 밝혀보려고 노력했다. 이 미국대륙에서 비교적 역사가 ?음에도 우리 교육기관은 과학적, 임상적 측면에서의 개발에 많은 발전을 이룩했다. 그리고 우리 교육기관들이 우리의 직업을 건전하게 유지하고, 우리의 업무를 이행함으로써 우리를 후원하고 있는 사회의 요구와 마주할 때 당면하게 되는 세 가지 문제점을 상술하려는 시도를 했다. 내가 미국과 캐나다의 수의과대학에 국한된 언급을 하면서도 어떤 점들은 세계 여러 나라에도 적용되리라고 생각한다. 특히 마지막으로 내가 하는 말은 더욱 그러하리라. 지난 50년간에 세계적으로 이룩된 수의과 교육의 탁월한 진보는 계속되리라고 나는 확신한다. 우리가 현재 가지고 있는 것은 물론 완벽하지는 않지만 이제까지 있어 온 것중에서는 최선의 것이며 솔직히 상당히 좋은 것이기도 하다. 우리가 우리 자신을 전문의라고 부를 수 있는 특권을 계속 지니려면 그것을 개선하려는 노력을 계속해야만 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.367-376
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• 2021

An increasing number of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty procedures has been performed since its introduction to South Korea in 2007. This review discusses the biomechanical rationale behind the development of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty and its outcomes over time. In addition, this paper mentions ways to minimize the risk of complications that may occur and how to manage those complications.