• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.82-93
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to explore attitude and belief about menopause and severity of menopausal symptoms according to menopausal status. This study conducted a cross-sectional assessment of the effects of depressive symptoms and the severity of trait anxiety on the severity of menopausal symptoms. Methods : Participants were all outpatients at the psychiatric outpatient clinic of Korea University Guro Hospital. All participants, aged 40 to 64, had depressive or anxiety disorders and were divided into the premenopause, perimenopause, premenopause, and postmenopause groups. Menopause Rating Scale(MRS) was used to measure the severity of menopausal symptoms. The attitude toward menopause was examined by a self-report questionnaire regarding menopause. Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) were used to assess depressive symptoms and anxiety. Results : The severity of menopausal symptoms was not different among the groups according to menopausal status. There was a significant correlation between a negative attitude toward menopause and the severity of menopausal symptoms. Patients with moderate to severe depressive symptoms and trait anxiety had more severe menopausal symptoms. Conclusion : Negative attitude toward menopause, depressive symptoms, and anxiety had a significantly negative impact on the severity of menopausal symptoms. The results of this study suggest that treatment to relieve depressive symptoms and anxiety and intervention to reduce negative attitude toward menopause are required. Further studies with larger sample size are needed to evaluate potentially effects of depressive symptoms and anxiety on severity of menopausal symptoms in middle-aged female psychiatric patients.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.125-137
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• 2001

We investigated the self-concept, subjective depression, and state-trait anxiety of the school boys with learning disabilities(abbr. LD, n=86) and compared them with normal boys(n=52) using Piers-Harris Self-Concept Inventory, Child Depression Inventory(abbr. CDI), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(abbr. STAI). With regard to Piers-Harris Self-Concept Inventory total scores, there was no significant difference between two groups, but normal boys showed higher scores in intellectual and school status, physical appearance, and happiness-satisfaction subscales than patients with LD. The male patients with LD showed significantly higher ratings in CDI total scores, and CDI subscales - ineffectiveness, anhedonia, negative self-esteem than normal children. The patients with LD reported significantly higher state anxiety, but not trait anxiety. Correlation analyses revealed that self-concept decreased over time, and depression-anxiety increased across grades in the patients with LD, but not in normal children. Especially, negative mood, anhedonia, negative self-esteem subscales of CDI, and state-trait anxiety showed significant positive correlation with grades. In both groups, CDI scores were inversely correlated with Piers-Harris Self-Concept and positively with State-Trait anxiety. In conclusion, self-concept problems which were related with school achievement and self-esteem were more abundant in the patients with LD than normal children, self-image problem, depression and anxiety increased across grades. According to regression analysis, age, behavior subscale, intellectual-school status, anxiety, popularity, happiness-satisfaction, CDI-ineffectiveness, interpersonal problem, negative self-esteem, and state anxiety could explain the self-concept in the patients with LD, not in normal children. So, the self-concept of the patients with LD were found to be related to the school achievement and stress when comparing with peers. In conclusion, elementary school boys with LD showed lower self-concept, higher depression and anxiety, and these differences increased across grades. Since the patients with LD have concomitant depression and anxiety disorders, it is important that comorbidity with emotional problems should be explored and managed properly.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.179-182
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• 2010

Cervical spondylomyelopathy (CSM) is rarely identified in small-breed dogs. Two neutered female Pekingese dogs (less than 5 kg of body weight) with primary complaints of neck pain and paretic gait were presented. These cases were diagnosed as CSM secondary to vertebral instability through cervical survey radiography, myelography, computed tomography (CT) and CT-myelography. The combinatory treatments of ventral slot decompression, cancellous bone graft and external coaptation were performed. Clinical condition of both dogs remarkably improved and no complications or recurrence occurred following the surgical procedures. In small-breed dogs with CSM, the combination of decompression through ventral slot and stabilization through bone fusion is an effective treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 1996

The purpose of the present study was to investigate empirically the relationship among self-image, depression, anxiety, and social sensitivity in adolescents. 1602 normal adolescents(697 males and 905 females) responded to self report scales-Offer Self-Image Questionnaire-Revised, 3 subscales of Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and LISREL to examine the effect of self-image on depression, anxiety, and social sensitivity, and to test the relationship among the above 4 variables. Adolescents with low self-image showed significantly higher scores in the scales of depression, anxiety, and social sensitivity than did adolescents with high self-image. The result of LISREL showed that the low self-image leads to the emotional state of depression and anxiety, and those of depression and anxiety lead to the increase of social sensitivity, suggesting that self-image has a direct effect on depression and anxiety, and has a direct effect on social sensitivity in adolescent. These results were discussed in terms of implications for the prevention and treatment of adolescent social phobia.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2013

Purpose: We investigated the short term results of medial deltoid ligament repair after diagnosis of chronic medial ankle instability. Materials and Methods: 262 military patients with ankle instability symptom were evaluated between May 2007 and December 2009. We diagnosed 29 chronic medial ankle instability cases with medial drive through sign under arthroscopy, radiologic findings and physical exam, treated with deltoid talo-navicular band repair using anchor suture. We used the American orthopedic foot and ankle society ankle-hindfoot score (AOFAS), visual analog scale (VAS) and ankle functional satisfactory scores were carried out. Results: 29 patients (11.1%) has chronic medial ankle instability, mean AFOAS score, VAS was improved from 65.4(range; 43-83), 6.0(range; 4-10) to 82.0(range; 60-100), 3.2(range; 1-7). Patients satisfaction were excellent 13(44.8%), good 11(37.9%) and poor 5(17.2%). Two cases was recurred and revised with allo-tendinous reconstruction. Conclusion: We underwent surgery to repair the talo-navicular ligament for chronic medial ankle instability, and about 83% of satisfactory results were obtained.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2004

Purpose: we would like to suggest the proper surgical methods according to the severity of instability by analyzing the results. Materials and Methods: Between January 1998 and August 2002, eighty five patients have been operated on because of posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI). The materials were included the patients who had followed-ups for over 2 years in sixty one patients and the patient's assessments were done by clinical score (OAK, IKDC) and posterolateral drawer and dial test. Results: Through our results, the fibular tunnel turned out to be superior compared to the tibia tunnel method in rotational stability. Hughston-Jacobson methods and biceps tenodesis showed poor results. Fibula head tunnel was superior to tibia tunnel in rotational stabiliaty Conclusion: The surgical technique that passes the modified posterolateral corner sling through the fibula head tunnel may provide good clinical results in grade II PLRI. It is necessary to reconstruct both tibia and fibula tunnel in grade III PLRI. When there is combined varus instability, a positive result may be obtained if an additional LCL reconstruction is performed.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.112-119
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of aroma inhalation on nursing students stress responses and anxiety before their first clinical practice. Method: Data were collected during the period from March 5 to March 10, 2007 at K College in a province. There were seventy eight subjects, 35 for the experimental group and 38 for the control group. Aroma oils used were lavender, peppermint and rosemary. Before and after the treatment, the severity of stress and anxiety were evaluated by VAS and a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test and $\chi^2$-test with the SPSS program. Result: The score of subjective stress (VAS) decreased significantly after aroma inhalation(p=.000), but status anxiety was not significantly different between the two groups (p=.649). Conclusion: Aroma inhalation can be a useful intervention to reduce nursing student's stress before their first clinical practice.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.2276-2284
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of basic clinical practice program(BCPP) on academic motivation, critical thinking and clinical nursing competence in nursing students. Thirty-hour BCPP was consisted of the essential of fundamental nursing skills and prior education in nursing lab before first clinical practice. The participants were 228 nursing students and data was collected with self-administered questionnaire during Feb. 18 to Feb. 28, 2013. Study design was one group pre-post test. BCPP was not related with critical thinking. But there were significant differences subcategories of learning motivation like academic stress, test anxiety, depression and self efficacy, and in clinical nursing competence. The results suggest that BCPP is effective to enhance clinical competence for novice of nursing clinical practice.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 2006

Objectives : A variety of symptoms are typically reported during anxiety period, several of which are clearly linked to the autonomic nervous system(ANS), such as palpitations, chest pain and shortness of breath. Using spectral analysis of heart rate, several studies have shown that patients with anxiety disorder are characterized by a reduced heart rate variability(HRV), indicative of abnormalities in ANS fuction. To further evaluate the effect of anxiety and medication on autonomic function, 30 patients and 30 matched control subjects were assessed. Methods : Using spectral analysis of heart rate, which consisted of standardised measurements of HRV, we compared ANS between 30 patients with DSM-IV diagnosed anxiety disorder and 30 healthy controls, and investigated the autonomic effects of SSRI treatment. Five-minute HRV recordings were obtained before and after SSRI treatment and were analysed. Results : Five-minute HRV recordings in anxiety disorder patients revealed that a significant reduction in HRV was shown compared to controls. There was no significant changes in HRV between before and after SSRI treatment. Conclusion: Anxiety disorder patients showed a significant reduction in HRV compared to controls. SSRIs do not affect HRV influenced by ANS function. Further study is needed to confirm these things. Patients with anxiety disorder may suffer from functional disturbances in the interaction between the sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic tree.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.20-29
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of a tool used to measure dental anxiety and fear. The Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear ($IDAF-4C^+$) was translated into Korean, and modified and revised to adapt to Korean culture. A survey was conducted among 457 patients in a dental clinic. The validity and reliability were determined using PASW Statistics ver. 18.0 and IBM SPSS AMOS ver. 21.0. Factor analysis showed that Korean version of $IDAF-4C^+$ was composed of three elements: dental anxiety, dental phobia, feared stimulus. The validity of the model was examined by confirmatory factor analysis and satisfied relevant requirements. All elements had convergent validity and discriminant validity exceeding requirements to ensure validity. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ showed good reliability. In conclusion, the findings of this study demonstrate that the Korean version of $IDAF-4C^+$ has high validity and reliability. Furthermore, it can be used in clinical practice and research to decrease dental anxiety and fear.