• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.45-76
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• 2006

This article compares the psychological and behavioral profiles of adolescents on probation and high school students. A total of 253 adolescents on probation and 257 high school students completed an open-ended questionnaire developed by the present researchers and structured questionnaire that assessed moral disengagement and self-efficacy developed by Bandura (1995), delinquent behavior and academic achievement. Adolescents on probation reported that they engaged in delinquent behavior due to the fault of others and they were angry for being forced to be on probation. They are not likely to take responsibility and morally disengage from their delinquent actions. When compared to high school students, adolescents on probation are likely to report low self-efficacy, low academic grade, and less likely to feel proud of themselves. They are more likely to meet their friends in Internet and video game rooms and less likely to focus on academic achievement. Results of ANCOVA indicate that adolescents on probation have higher scores on moral disengagement, social efficacy, but lower score on efficacy for self-regulated learning. They are more likely to run away from home and have lower academic grade. The results of the discriminant analysis indicate that running away from home, social efficacy and moral disengagement are predictive of adolescents on probation and academic achievement and efficacy for self-regulated learning are predictive of high school students.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.4 s.62
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• pp.185-194
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• 2005

In the perspective of hybrid, design contains confused forms and styles. Thus, the question is what 'decisively affects' on life, happiness and peace of human beings: In the past scientific ecology that tries to solve the problem in the aspect of functional design was important. Now the question is beyond the scientific ecology because human has a different way of environmental adaptation from animals. From this point of view, design is defined as something beyond materialistic standard. Terry Eagleton said, 'Creative ability deviating oneself and transcending is the very standard to measure human beings' A tendency to hybridize one's own section off genre or pursuing dismantlement is found on such creative perspective. In other words, it focuses on making a space of human's cultural behavior by unifying creatively natural environment and architecture space in the organic aspect. Such phenomenon provides a new chance and possibility in environmental design through a new molding experiment according to the development of digital technology. As experiments of environment design using digital technology are actively implemented, ecological and cultural views hybridize to create a new cultural space of various functions and features. Such experiment in environment design highlights the connections of ecological view, recognition of value, and relation-centered ideas, and enables a tool pursuing a new cultural development. This study focuses on the paradigm of such digital hybrid design and purposes to set the system by analyzing the application styles and principles of environment design through theoretical and case studies. In addition, it promotes a new possibility to develop environment design in the history of civilization.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.111-122
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• 2003

We must not consider a culture as means of economy. Specially, it is not possible that is supposed to incorporate a cultural identity in a shape of product, but also international competitiveness can not be raised by it. Because an identify is based on the system of symbol such as language, it can be understood only in a same cultural area. While, the value-in-use of technology can be accepted universally as a formative language of international style. Therefore, the competitiveness of design will say as a special quality that can be acquired in connection with technology. For instance, that Korean mobile telephone could be recognized worldwide is not because it has the Koreanized shape but has a high technology. The public have only a superficial understanding about design. Because that is limited in the visual aspect of product, so called 'the pretty design', which exclude the value-in-use and the organic correlation of form and function in general, it may be a cause of socio-ethical dysfunction. It is providing an elbowroom for making a mistake that can regard the product design as an artistic experiment and try to raise the international competitiveness simply with the visual aspect. And the distorted understanding about design has been diffused rapidly owing to spread of black box products because the over-designed shape is known to the public as a proper result of designing. That reorganize the design category will do as a starting point that can get rid of such a misunderstanding, and do to achieve an ideological role of design for human and society. And it will be a warning to the moral slackening that is due to regarding a style as means of competitiveness and the blindness due to thinking culture as means of economy, and we may expect to offer a basic understanding about design which can prevent products from being visualized.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.65-71
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• 2017

It is true that there is a possibility of distortion in the statistical surveys or actual surveys depending on which investigator, what purpose, and how research method. Even statistical results are more likely to be 'lying', and statistics on crime or delinquent are sometimes referred to as 'whopper'. There are many reasons for not trusting statistics on crime or delinquent, but one of the main causes is the existence of a hidden crime or an unreported crime. In order to overcome these hidden crime problems, victim surveys or self-report surveys are being used. However, this method also has the problem of underreporting or overreporting depending on the type of crime. Because investigations into crime, delinquency, and deviant behavior are very sensitive, the subjects have a psychological burden. A randomized response model has been developed and used in the field of statistics as a way to induce a true answer to the sensitive content which is burdensome to reveal the experiences of the survey subjects. This technique is a very useful way to solve the problems of victim surveys or self-report surveys. Nevertheless, there are very few cases in the field of criminology in Korea. Therefore, in order to examine the applicability of the randomized response model in the field of criminology, this study used the randomized response model to actually measure the content of prostitution for college students and the effectiveness of the randomized response model was confirmed.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.67-90
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• 2007

Could STS throw another-colored light on the Hwang's Affair, the scientific fraud committed by Hwang Woo-Suk and his research team in Korea? And could analytic tools of STS unfold another meanings which have been overlooked in most of the traditionally social-sciences-oriented analyses? In this essay, I try to answer these questions by analyzing the Hwang's Affair in the view of STS, especially by using some concepts of actor-network theory(ANT): movement, translation and displacement. I want to say that the Hwang's Affair seems to be a part of normal scientific activity, not an abnormal phenomenon, and as an evidence, focus on the similarities of their life styles between "pure/real scientist" Louis Pasteur and "impure/political scientist" Hwang Woo-Suk. I try to mobilize some concepts of ANT, especially movement, and find out why scientists came to move toward the opposed direction on the pure/real-impure/political line. I suggest that there exists "laboratory politics" as the key factor in this bifurcation. My tentative conclusion is that Pasteur can take a position to make his great world, so-called the Pasteurian world, owing to the success of "double movement" in which he treated his laboratory as a fulcrum to lift up the world, but Hwang degrades himself to "ugly scientific politician" due to the loss of the momentum of his movement; Hwang treated his laboratory only as the symbolic resources and in turn failed to solidify material entities, his real political resources, even though he knew the importance of laboratory.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.129-139
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• 1999

Hydrothermal gold deposits of the Trabong district in Vietnam occur as single-stage quartz $\pm$ calcite veins (0.3-1.2 m thick) which fill fault fractures in graphite-bearing gneiss and schist of the Chulai Complex and Kham Duc Formation of the Proterozoic age. Ore grades are 1.3 to 92.4 g/ton Au. Ore mineralogy is very simple, consisting mainly of pyrite with minor amounts of base-metal sulfides and electrum. Gold grains occur in two assemblages as follows: (1) early, Fe-rich (7.2-10.4 mole % FeS) sphalerite + electrum (50.4-64.3 atom % Au) assemblage occurring as inclusions in pyrite; (2) late, Fe-poor «4.7 mole % FeS) sphalerite + galena + electrum (47.6-81.7 atom % Au) assemblage occurring along fractures of pyrites. Based on fluid inclusion data and thermochemical considerations of ore mineral assemblages, ore minerals were formed at high temperatures (about $230^{\circ}C$ to $420^{\circ}C$) from $H_{2}O-CO_{2}(-CH_{4})$-NaCI fluids with the sulfur fugacity of about $10^{-6}$ to $10^{-10}$ atm. Fluid inclusion data also indicate that ore mineralization occurred mainly as a result of fluid unmixing accompanying $CO_2$ effervescence. Calculated oxygen and measured hydrogen isotope compositions of mineralizing waters (${\delta}^{18}O_{V-SMOW}$ values = 5.3 to 8.6$\textperthousand$, ${\delta}D_{V-SMOW}$ values = - 60 to - 52$\textperthousand$), along with the sulfur isotope compositions of vein sulfides (${\delta}^{34}S_{CDR}$ values = - 1.2 to 2.8$\textperthousand$) and carbon isotope compositions of inclusion $CO_2$ (${\delta}^{13}C_{PDB}$ values = - 4.7 to - 2.0$\textperthousand$) indicate that the high temperature (mesohypothermal) gold mineralization formed from a magmatic fluid.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.20
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• pp.75-96
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• 2004

A pavilion is located in the place with beautiful scenery, which maximizes the poetical features of nature. So a scholar in the Chosun Dynasty had the dream of possessing it. This trends of the Chosun scholar resulted in producing lots of literary works related with the pavilion. In this thesis, I researched the characters of Pavilion Si-Jo in accordance with the function of pavilion. First, the pavilion, which is surrounded by the beautiful scenery, is a good place to see the beauty of nature. It is needless to walk around to see the scenery thanks to its open structure. So the feeling in the pavilion Si-Jo is distinguished from other sightseeing Si-Jos: those show the way of seeing the scenery walking here and there, but this shows the way of seeing the scenery only just looking up, looking down, and looking in the distance. Second, the pavilion functions as an academic place. In this case, it can be said that it functions like a lecture hall. It is more effective to study in the pavilion than in the closed structure, a lecture hall. Furthermore, the scholar studying in the pavilion understand the principle of nature with seeing the beautiful mountain and river, and it can be a place for growing a vast-flowing spirit. This kind of poetry has been handed down with the Chinese poetry, and the character who operated the pavilion often appears in the work. Third, the pavilion functions as a space for a fraternity or poetry circles. The poetic exchange was conducted by host of pavilion. which is the key ingredient for organizing a poetry circles. Finally, the pavilion functions as an entertainment. Although it is a space for an entertainment, there is no deviation as a man of novel birth. If the pavilion has the feature of closeness, there are sometimes works which shows the deviation of them.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.101-147
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• 1992

증권거래소(證券去來所)는 시황에 따라 위탁증거금율(委託證據金率)을 탄력적으로 변경 운용함으로써 시장의 수급을 조절하는 등의 시장관리수단의 하나로 이용하여 공정한 시세형성을 기하고자 설립시부터 증권회사로 하여금 매매의 위탁시 위탁증거금을 징수하도록 규정하고 증거금율을 상황에 따라 신축적으로 운용하여 1962년 이후에만도 무려 32회이상 변경하였다. 따라서 문제의 핵심은 위탁증거금징수가 주식시장에서의 과잉투기행위를 근절시키고 주가변동율(株價變動率)(stock volatility)을 감소시켜 공정거래질서(公正去來秩序)를 확보하는데 기여하고 있는지의 여부가 된다. 이 점은 특히 미국(美國)에서 1987년 10월 소위 '검은 월요일(Black Monday)'당시 갑작스러운 주가폭락과 시장체계의 붕괴사태이후 금융시장의 발전을 모색하는 정책당국자들과 학자들사이에 새로운 주목을 받기 시작하였다. Salinger(1989)와 Schwert(1989)는 위탁증거금율(委託證據金率)의 변경과 주가변동율(株價變動率)의 감소와는 아무런 인과관계가 없다고 결론을 내리고 있다. 특히 Schwert는 거래일시중단시책마저도 주가변동율에 별 효과가 없다고 주장하면서 금융공황과 관련된 거래일시중단은 주가변동을 큰 폭으로 증가시켜왔으나 금융공황을 동반하지 않은 기래일시중단은 높은 주가변동율과 무관함을 밝히고 있다. Hardouvelis(1991)는 그러나 위탁증거금율을 상승시키면 주가변동율이 낮아지며, 결과적으로 주가가 본원적가치(本源的價値)로부터 일탈하는 현상도 줄어든다는 사실을 통계적으로 입증하고, 위탁증거금의 징수가 시장을 교란하는 악성투기행위를 억제시키는데 매우 효과적인 정책수단이라고 주장하고 있다. 본 연구는 우리나라 주식시장에서 과잉투기현상을 억제하여 시장의 안정을 확보하는 기능으로서의 위탁증거금제도에 대해 그 경제적 효과여부를 규명하는 실증분석을 행하였다. 이 논문에서는 Schwert(1989)와 Hardouvelis(1991)의 방법을 원용하여 두가지 서로 다른 방법으로 주가변동율을 측정하여 비교하였다. 통계적 기법은 기본적으로 다변량(多變量) 회귀분석법(回歸分析法)을 택하였다. 분석의 결과로 매우 흥미로운 실증상(實證上)의 규칙성(規則性)을 발견하였다. 즉 현금시장(cash market)의 위탁증거금율이 높아지면 실제주가변동율(實際株價變動率)과 초과주가변동율(超過株價變動率)이 감소되고, 또한 유행(流行)의 경우와 마찬가지로 본원적 가치로부터의 괴리가 작아진다. 이 결과에 따르면 위탁증거금의 징수는 그 제도의 취지에 부합되고 있다. 다만 제도운용상의 이유이거나 혹은 우리나라 주식시장의 투자자들이 비합리적인 투자형태를 보임에 따라 그 정책적 효과는 때로 역기능적인 결과로 초래하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 이 연구결과를 통하여 최소한 주식시장(株式市場)에서 위탁증거금제도는 그 제도적 의의가 여전히 있다는 사실이 확인되었다. 또한 우리나라 주식시장에서 통상 과열투기 행위가 빈번히 일어나 주식시장을 교란시킴으로써 건전한 투자풍토조성에 저해된다는 저간의 우려가 매우 커왔으나 표본 기간동안에 대하여 실증분석을 한 결과 주식시장 전체적으로 볼 때 주가변동율(株價變動率), 특히 초과주가변동율(超過株價變動率)에 미치는 영향이 그다지 심각한 정도는 아니었으며 오히려 우리나라의 주식시장은 미국시장에 비해 주가가 비교적 안정적인 수준을 유지해 왔다고 볼 수 있다.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.173-207
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• 2018

Japan is a super-aged society where the proportion of the people aged over 65 is exceeded 20%. Therefore, there are many accidents that occur in long-term care facilities in Japan, and there are many civil litigations. The Japanese court has acknowledged in many cases that the long-term facility is responsible for the damage to the elderly who is injured in the facility. The cases can be divided into ① tumbling down, ② wandering, ③ suffocation, ④ bedsore, and ⑤ accidents among the facility-users. In most cases, the court found that the facility violated its obligation to protect their users. This is not only the case where the manager or the employee of the facility violates the obligation to watch and care for the elderly, but in some cases, the failure to maintain the human and material system itself is recognized. The basis for such judgment is whether the facility can predict the possibility of an accident and whether the facility has taken measures to prevent accidents. Also, the Japanese court recognizes the transfer of burden of proof in order to expedite the victims' rights. However, the liability of the facility for damages should not be so heavy that it would be hesitant to allow a person to enter the facility and make a contract.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.32
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• pp.29-61
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• 2016

A joke (才談, 재담) is "the most interesting and witty language unit" in our speech. However, the search of a joke is still starting. Although joke are related to the witty and interesting talks, stories, songs and plays, the actual object of a joke is only the witty and interesting talk. A joke is witty talk that is interesting or laughter-inducing. Many Jokes can be found in the traditional Korean funny performing arts (演戱, 연희). This is because these art forms are performed in open yards, which necessitated amusing the audience, amusement, in its turn, required jokes. Jokes in the traditional funny performing arts can generally be classified as follows: 1) Jokes related to a situation: These include right words at a given situation, exaggerating words, diminishing words, deviancy words, and cause-effect words. 2) Jokes related to discourse: These include enumerating words, amplificatory words, contrasting words, fluently lying words, undeniable words, purposely unknowing words, and deliberately incorrect words. 3) Jokes related to vocabulary: These include synonym, similar words, changed word-ordering words, and incorrect words. 4) Jokes related to pronunciation: These include homonyms, and anti-homonyms. Although there may be other jokes, those presented above are typical ones. A joke is "the result that human being can achieve when he/she has overcome natural and social difficulties and is left with only a free and creative spirit." Jokes are necessary in all ages and everywhere. Today, more varied and high-level jokes can be created by developing the diversity of jokes in traditional funny performing arts. Also, I expect new sorts of jokes, because a joke always demands a creative spirit.