• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.230-242
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• 2019

While various automatic rock fracture survey methods have been researched, the evaluation of the accuracy of these methods raises issues due to the absence of a metric which fully expresses the similarity between automatic and manual fracture maps. Therefore, this paper proposes a geometry similarity metric which is especially designed to determine the overall similarity of fracture maps and to evaluate the accuracy of rock fracture survey methods by a single number. The proposed metric, Scanline Intersection Similarity (SIS), is derived by conducting a large number of scanline surveys upon two fracture maps using Python code. By comparing the frequency of intersections over a large number of scanlines, SIS is able to express the overall similarity between two fracture maps. The proposed metric was compared with Intersection Over Union (IoU) which is a widely used evaluation metric in computer vision. Results showed that IoU is inappropriate for evaluating the geometry similarity of fracture maps because it is overly sensitive to minor geometry differences of thin elongated objects. The proposed metric, on the other hand, reflected macro-geometry differences rather than micro-geometry differences, showing good agreement with human perception. The metric was further applied to evaluate the accuracy of a deep learning-based automatic fracture surveying method which resulted as 0.674 (SIS). However, the proposed metric is currently limited to 2D fracture maps and requires comparison with rock joint parameters such as RQD.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.275-275
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 지표수-지하수 통합 모델을 통해 모델 영역과 시설농업단지(밀양들)의 지표수/지하수 유동을 모의하고 모델 영역의 물수지 분석을 통해 지하수 함양량을 산정하는 것이다. 지표수 유동 모델 결과에서는 밀양강 상류(북동쪽)에서 하류(남동쪽)로 약 1~5 m의 수심으로 지표수가 유동하고 있으며, 모델지역 상류의 M01 지점에서는 지표수 유량 관측값과 모델값이 일치하고, 모델지역 하류의 M02 지점에서의 지표수 유량은 1% 정도의 차이를 보인다. 지하수 유동 모델에서는 지하수 심도가 하천에서는 표고와 유사하며 산림 지역으로 갈수록 높아지고, 지하수 양수를 고려한 지하수 심도는 모델값이 관측값보다 1.5 m 이내의 범위로 높게 나타난다. 지표수지하수 통합모델에서는 지하수의 함양 면적이 모델 면적의 90% 정도이고, 지하수 함양량은 $1.92{\times}105m^3/day$인 것으로 나타난다. 연평균 물수지 분석에서는 단위 면적당 지하수 함양량이 503.9 mm/year로서 연평균 강우량의 39% 정도로 추정된다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.184-193
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• 2013

This study examined a correspondence of children's anticipated vocations, perceived competencies, and interests. For the purpose, this study asked 659 primary school students what activities they liked, those they thought they were good at, and what job they expected when they grew up. The responses were coded into RIASEC Holland codes and agreement across the three questions was examined using kappa statistics. Results indicated that there was a correspondence of children's anticipated vocations, perceived competencies, and interests. When broken down into separate examinations by gender, males and females had significant kappas for agreement between vocation and competence. And the correspondence of competence and interest was significant for males too. We couldn't examine females' case because they didn't answer C-type of Holland. Examinations of the results by grade demonstrated that 5th-grade and 6th-grade had significant kappas for agreement between vocation and competence. However the correspondence of vocation and interest was significant for 5th-grade. the correspondence of competence and interest was significant for 5th-grade too. We couldn't examine 6th-grade's case because they didn't answer C-type of Holland. The result obtained from this study indicate that there is a correspondence of children's anticipated vocations, perceived competencies, and interests. Such a result means that children, 5th-grade and 6th-grade, can consider their competencies and interests with their vocations. The findings are especially relevant for counselors and teachers working with children.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.3528-3537
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• 2013

Evaluation indices of the panelizing optimization for Architectural freeform surfaces are proposed for quantitative evaluation through the case studies on panelizing optimization and evaluation index for Architectural freeform surfaces. Proposed evaluation items are adherence to original design intent, production ease, and continuity. The evaluation index for adherence to original design intent is surfaces fitness, the evaluation indices for production ease are planarity, planar panel ratio, and the evaluation indices for continuity are tangent continuity, and divergence. Algorithms are also suggested to compute the proposed evaluation indices.

• 한국IT서비스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.331-344
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• 2003

본 연구는 정보시스템의 평가영역 및 평가지표를 개발하기 위한 것으로 선행연구에 대한 검토를 통하여 정보시스템의 주요 평가영역을 시스템영역, 사용자영역, 조직 및 경영영역, IS의 전략적 기여도 및 IS의 자원관리 적정도의 총 5개 영역으로 범주화하고 각 평가영역별 세부 평가지표를 개발하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 평가영역 및 세부 평가지표의 타당성을 검증하기 위한 실증분석 자료는 25개 정부기관에서 현재 운영중인 65개 정보시스템들을 대상으로 수집하였다. 분석결과 공공부문 정보시스템의 평가영역은 시스템영역, 사용자영역, 조직 및 경영영역, IS의 전략적 기여도, IS의 자원관리 적정도의 5개의 영역으로 이론적으로 도출된 가설적 모형과 동일한 것으로 확인되었으며, 세부 평가항목에 있어서도 시스템영역의 경우에는 시스템의 질, 정보의 질, 서비스의 질로 구성되는 것으로 나타나 가설적 모형과 일치하였다. 그러나 사용자영역은 원래 2개의 평가항목으로 즉, 인식된 유용성과 사용자 만족도로 구성되는 것으로 당초 추론하였으나 1개의 평가항목(사용자 만족도)으로 통합되는 것으로 나타났다. 아울러 조직 및 경영영역은 내부업무효율성, 고객만족도, 조직혁신, 정보화역량 향상도의 4개 평가항목을 포함하는 것으로 확인되었다. 각 평가영역 및 평가항목을 구성하는 평가지표는 요인분석과 더불어 기준 타당도 분석과 신뢰도 분석을 통해 총 57개의 평가지표가 유의적으로 도출되었다.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.350-354
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• 2023

This paper describes ISO/IEC TR 24029-1, an international standard to evaluate the performance of artificial intelligence systems. ISO/IEC TR 24029-1 defines the performance measures of artificial intelligence systems in two categories, i.e. interpolation and classificiation. Performance measures in the interpolation categories mean how much the predicted values of the artificial intelligence system is close to the real values. Performance measures in the classification categories mean how much the predicted classes of the artificial intelligence system is equal to the real classes. Based on these performance measures, performance of artificial intelligence systems can be evaluated and performance of different artificial intelligence systems can be compared.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1-22
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• 2005

Purposes of this study was as following; What differences do subjective indicators of deception detection according to high and low stake situations? Does groups difference appear in beliefs about deception cues? Is what differences between objective indicators and subjective indicators of deceptions? Participants of this study were consisted of university students, prison officers, prisoners. They completed a questionnaire concerning beliefs about 21 verbal and nonverbal behaviours in high/low-stake situations. For each behaviour, they were asked to rate on a seven-point scale how are these behaviours changed comparing to normal times. The results were that subjective indicators of deception were no differences between high-stake and low-stake situations, and no differences among groups. Also, it appeared that the subjective indicators of deception were substantly different from the objective indicators of deception.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.585-593
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• 2000

Background : International consensus guidelines have recently been developed to improve the assessment and management of asthma. One of the major recommendation of these guidelines is that asthma severity should be assessed through the recognition of key symptoms, such as nocturnal waking, medication requirements, and objective measurements of lung function. Differential classification of asthma severity would lead to major differences in both long term pharmacological management and the treatment of severe exacerbation. Methods : This study examined the relationship between the symptom score and measurements of $FEV_1$ and PEF when expressed as a percentage of predicted values in asthmatics (n=107). Results : The correlation of $FEV_1$ % with PEFR% was highly significant (r=0.83, p<0.01). However, there was agreement in terms of the classification of asthma severity in 76.6% of the paired measurements of $FEV_1$ % and PEFR%. Agreement in the classification of asthma severity was also found in 57.1% of the paired analysis of $FEV_1$ % and symptom score. 39% of the patients classified as having moderate asthma on the basis of $FEV_1$ % recording would be considered to have severe asthma if symptom score alone were used. Low baseline $FEV_1$ and high bronchial responsiveness were associated with a low degree of perception of airway obstruction. Conclusion : The relationships between the symptom score, PEFR and $FEV_1$ were generally poor. When assessing asthma severity, age, duration, $PC_{20}$, and baseline $FEV_1$ should be considered.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.494-501
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• 2013

The convolution code(CC) of code rate 1/2 as a forward error correction (FEC) in Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) is applied to decrease bit error rate (BER) by background noise and multipath in shallow water acoustic channel. Ratio of transmitting signal bandwidth to channel coherence bandwidth is defined as frequency selectivity index. BER and bit energy-to-noise ratio gain of transmitted signal according to frequency selectivity index are evaluated. In the results of indoor water tank experiment, BER is well matched theoretical results at frequency selectivity index less than about 1.0. And bit energy-to-noise ratio gain is also matched theoretical value of 5 dB. BER is effectively decreased at frequency selective multipath channel with frequency selectivity index higher than 1.0. But bit energy-to-noise ratio greater than a certain size in terms of CC weaving is effective in reducing bit errors. In the results, the defined frequency selectivity index in this study could be applied to evaluate a performance of CC in multipath channel. Also it could effectively reduced BER in a low speed underwater acoustic communication system without an equalizer.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.53-86
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• 1998

본 논문은 산업혁명 이후의 경제활동에 의한 대기중 온실가스 농도 증가로 인해 나타나는 지표평균온도의 상승과 이에 따른 경제적 영향을 추정한다. 지표온도의 물리적 변화를 추정하기 위해 간단한 기후 모델을 이용하였다. 대기중 이산화탄소의 농도가 2배로 증가할 때 지표평균온도는 약 $1.7{\sim}5.0^{\circ}C$가량 상승하고 이 추정치는 대부분의 다른 연구결과들과 일치한다. 이 추정치에 근거해 이로 인한 경제적 피해를 비교적 자료가 풍부하고 이에 관한 연구가 많이 진행되어 온 미국의 경우를 중심으로 추산하였다. 그 결과 미국 같이 1차 산업의 비중이 낮은 나라의 경우에도 국민소득(National Income)의 0.9~2.0% 정도의 피해가 예상되며 좀더 심한 경우에는 3.48~4.35%에 이르는 비교적 커다란 경제적 손실이 예상된다. 산업의 발달이 뒤져 있고 1차 산업의 비중이 커서 기후변화의 영향을 비교적 크게 받으리라고 예상되는 개도국의 경우에는 그 피해가 국민소득에서 차지하는 비중이 훨씬 클 것이다.