• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.34.1-34.1
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• 2010

칠정산 외편은, 비록 한양의 위도에 맞는 역법은 아니지만, 일식 예보의 정확도가 조선 전기에 사용된 다른 어떤 역법보다 높았다고 알려져 있다. 칠정산 내편은 한양의 위도에 맞는 자주적 역법으로 알려져 있으나, 일출입이나 중성 계산이 아닌, 일식 계산의 경우에도 한양의 위도에 맞는 역법으로 보아야 하는지에 대해서는 실증적인 연구가 없었다. 이 연구에서는 칠정산 내편의 일식 계산의 전 과정을 전산화하여 이미 연구한 칠정산 외편의 일식 예보값 (김동빈 2009) 및 현대 계산 결과와 상호 비교하였다. 그 결과 칠정산 내편의 일식 예보는, 베이징과 한양의 시차(時差)를 감안하더라도, 그 정확도가 외편에 비해 떨어지며, 일식 계산의 기준 위치 또한 한양이 아닌 베이징임을 확인하였다.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.69-83
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• 2016

Radiocarbon and OSL ages of three monogenetic volcanoes inferred to be the last volcanoes on Jeju Island, Korea were determined to identify a volcano described in historical records. The results show that the ages of those volcanoes are roughly <3.8 ka (Songaksan), >4.5 ka (Biyangdo), and <6~7 ka (Ilchulbong). Though our efforts to make a positive match between historical records and volcano-chronological dating were not successful, we make a new suggestion in this paper that two historical records of volcanic activity in 1002 and 1007 A.D. could be interpreted to be the sequential volcanic events from a single monogenetic volcano. In addition, based on a volcanological reinterpretation of historical records, we infer that the volcano described therein is most likely Mt. Songaksan, in Daejeongeup, which had early phreatomagmatic and late magmatic activities after 3.8 ka ago. Furthermore, considering the geopolitical relationship between the Goryeo Dynasty and the Tamna Kingdom, in addition with the culture of the era, this study sheds new light on the possibility that there is a time gap between the actual eruptions and the historical recording of them by ancient people.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 2013

The photosynthetic rates according to leaf positions in tomato plants were investigated in relation to leaf age and flowering rate. In the experiment investigating the diurnal change of photosynthetic rates, three leaves below the 4th cluster was checked every hour from 2 hours before sunrise and 3 hours after sunset. It was checked twice with the replication of 3 plants. The photosynthetic rate increased sharply for 1 hour right after sunrise and remained steady until 2 hours before sunset. This trend can be applied to determine the irrigation schedule. In the experiment investigating the photosynthetic rates according to leaf positions, it three leaves below each clusters from 1st to 4th cluster were checked. Flowering rate was also investigated. The photosynthetic rates showed a decreasing tendency steadily after flowers bloomed fully, regardless of the leaf position. It seems to be because the leaves below the cluster with fully-bloom flowers lost their activities. This result suggests the flowering rate or the position of flower has deep relation with the photosynthetic rates of the concerned leaves. From the results the leaves under flowering cluster may be the good part to investigate the photosynthetic rate to evaluate the crop's activity, even the photosynthetic rates are different according to the position of clusters.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.226-235
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• 2023

This study aimed to supplement the shortcomings of the Multiple-sensor-based Frost Observation System (MFOS). The developed frost observation system is an improvement of the existing system. Based on the leaf wetness sensor (LWS), it not only detects frost but also functions to predict surface temperature, which is a major factor in frost occurrence. With the existing observation system, 1) it is difficult to observe ice (frost) formation on the surface when capturing an image of the LWS with an RGB camera because the surface of the sensor reflects most visible light, 2) images captured using the RGB camera before and after sunrise are dark, and 3) the thermal infrared camera only shows the relative high and low temperature. To identify the ice (frost) generated on the surface of the LWS, a LWS that was painted black and three sheets of glass at the same height to be used as an auxiliary tool to check the occurrence of ice (frost) were installed. For RGB camera shooting before and after sunrise, synchronous LED lighting was installed so the power turns on/off according to the camera shooting time. The existing thermal infrared camera, which could only assess the relative temperature (high or low), was improved to extract the temperature value per pixel, and a comparison with the surface temperature sensor installed by the National Institute of Meteorological Sciences (NIMS) was performed to verify its accuracy. As a result of installing and operating the MFOS v2, which reflects these improvements, the accuracy and efficiency of automatic frost observation were demonstrated to be improved, and the usefulness of the data as input data for the frost prediction model was enhanced.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.293-293
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• 1994

본 연구에서는 Scutellariae Radix (黃芩)으로부터 분리한 다섯종의 플라보노이드와 그외 구조면에서 관심이 있는 아홉가지 관련 플라보노이드 물질들에 대한 브라디키닌 길항활성물 적출장관 및 여러 in vivo 실험을 통하여 검색하였다. 적출회장 및 자궁실험에 서는 검체들이 거의 모두 BK 길항효과를 나타내었고 특히 적출 자궁실험에서 skullcalflavone 11 와 2'-methoxyflavone이 40 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml 농도에서 각각 90 및 87%의 억제율을 나타내어 가장 억제적이었다. in vivo 검색에서는 플라보노이드들과 양성대조약물로 사용된 마스피린은 각 실험개시 24시간 및 1시간전에 200 mg/kg의 용량으로 생쥐에게 경구투여하여 BK 길항활성을 비교하였다. 혈장일출, 초산으로 인한 신전반응 및 LPS-유도 septic shock 유발억제 실험에서 특히 2'-methoxyflavone은 신전반응 및 내독소 실험에서 거의 완전하게 억제효과를 나타내었다. 이러한 플라보노이드들은 펩타이드구조를 가진 BK길항제와 비교하여 효력을 낮으나 non-peptide구조로 인해 생리적조건에서 보다 안정한 물질로 연구될 가치가 있다. 본 실험에서는 또한 체내에서 BK와 그 생리작용이 아주 유사한 히스타민에 대한 길항제들중 피페라진핵을 지니고 있는 약물들에 대한 BK 억제효과를 검토해본 결과 homochlorcyclizine이 가장 큰 억제효과를 나타냈으며 이 물질의 해리함수는 6.25 이었고 correlation coefficient는 0.984 로 경쟁적 길항제 이었다. 반면 수용체 결합실험에서는 이 약물은 25%의 수용체결합 억제활성을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.18 no.3 s.30
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

${\lceil}$소문(素問) 장기법시론(藏氣法時論)${\rfloor}$적오장병지일중간심적주석중(的五藏病的日中間甚的注釋中), 관어비병여폐병정적주석(關於脾病與肺病靜的注釋), 가분이하삼조(可分以下三條), 기일시(其一是), 비병정(脾病靜), 당작일중정(當作日中靜), 폐병정(肺病靜), 당작일질정, 기이시(其二是), 하포여야반(下哺與夜半), 제기적사(制其賊邪), 소이병정(所以病靜), 기삼시(其三是), 자어자기왕(資於子氣旺), 모기역왕(母氣亦旺). 논자이기지경향성해석본문(論者以氣之傾向性解釋本文), 기내용여하(其內容如下), 기일시(其一是), 평단여간유동양적기지경향성(平旦與肝有同樣的氣之傾向性), 소이병상(所以病爽). 하포여간유상반적기지경향성, 소이병심(所以病甚). 야반시보충간지기(夜半是補充肝之氣), 소이병정((所以病靜), 기이시(其二是), 일중여심(日中與心), 기기능유사(其機能有似), 소이병상(所以病爽). 야반여심(夜半與心), 유상반적기류(有相反的氣流), 소이병심((所以病甚). 평단보심적활동(平旦輔心的活動), 소이병정(所以病靜). 기삼시(其三是), 일질여비공유화적특성, 소이병상(所以病爽). 일출여화(日出與化), 유상반적기지특성(有相反的氣之特性), 소이병심((所以病甚). 하포시수렴적시기, 유관여화적작용(有關與化的作用), 소이병정(所以病靜). 기사시(其四是). 하포여폐, 공유수렴적특성(共有收斂的特性), 소이병상(所以病爽). 일중유상반적기류(日中有相反的氣流), 소이병심(所以病甚). 야반여금(夜半與金), 공유음적기류(共有陰的氣流), 소이병정(所以病靜). 기오시(其五是), 야반여신(夜半與 腎하), 공유장적기능(共有藏的 機能), 소이병상(所以病爽). 사계포용만물(四季包容萬物), 여장정미적신(與藏精微的腎), 유상반적특성(有相反的特性), 소이병심(所以病甚). 하포유수렴숙살기능, 보신지장적기능(補腎之藏的機能), 소이병정(所以病靜). 신병심적시기(腎病甚的時期), 작사계이불작일질, 저취설명료 신병적위중성(這就說明了 腎病的危重性).

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.30.3-31
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• 2009

"칠정산 외편"은 태양 태음 오성의 운행, 교식(交食), 태음오성능범(太陰五星凌犯) 등의 천문 현상을 추보하는 데 필요한 표(입성)[立成]와 계산법을 수록한 역법서이다. 최근에 우리는 칠정산 외편의 일식과 일출입 계산의 전 과정을 전산화하였다. 잘 알려진 바와 같이, 관측지의 위도와 관련된 두 입성-"주야시 궁도분 입성"(晝夜時宮度分立成), "경위시 가감차 입성"(經緯時加減差立成)-의 계산 기준점은 중국의 난징이다. 위도와 관련이 없는 다른 입성들 역시 회회력에 수록된 것과 동일하다. 그러나 외편법으로 구한 합삭과 식심 시각은 난징이 아닌 한양의 지방시 시각이다. 이 역설을 해결할 단서는 달의 평균 황경, 즉 태음 중심행도(太陰中心行度) 계산에 쓰이는 보정 상수에 있다. 이론적인 보정값, 즉 외편법의 입성 조성 원리에 부합하는 보정값($243^{\circ}58'$)과 "외편"에 기록된 실제 보정값($243^{\circ}44'$)의 차이는 한양과 난징의 시차(時差)에 따른 달의 황경 증가량과 대략 일치한다. 한양 기준의 합삭 시각을 구하려면 "외편"에 기록된 보정값($243^{\circ}44'$)을 적용하여야 한다. 반면에 이론적인 보정값($243^{\circ}58'$)을 적용하면 합삭 시각이 난징의 지방시로 계산된다. 이 발표에서는 "칠정산 외편"의 역원(曆元)의 차이에 따른 보정 상수 중에서 태음과 관련된 상수 네 개가 모두 일정한 규칙에 따라 한양의 경도에 맞게 조정되었음을 밝힐 것이다. 아울러 태음중심 행도 보정값과 관련된 선행 연구의 오류들을 모두 바로잡고자 한다.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.245-250
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• 2004

To investigate the effect of early-morning heating periods on growth and yield of cucumber and heating load in a greenhouse cultivation, three additional heating periods (0, 1 and 2 hours) were compared to rise temperature from $12^{\circ}C\;to\;16^{\circ}C$ in the early-morning. Leaf temperature just before opening the thermal screen was $3.3^{\circ}C\;and\;4.1^{\circ}C$ higher in the 1 and 2 hour heating compared to that in the control (0 hour heating), respectively. Photosynthetic rate, conductance to $H_2O$ and transpiration rate of cucumber leaves were the highest in the 2 hour heating, and the lowest in the control. However. the difference between the 1 hour and 2 hour heating was not significant. Inorganic element content in cucumber leaves was not significant among the treatments of duration. Initial growth after planting of cucumber was greater in the 1 and 2 hour heating than that in the control. Yield increased by $11\%\;and\;15\%$ in the 1 hour and 2 hour heating compared to that in the control. respectively. Fuel consumption for heating increased by $12\%\;and\;22\%$ in the 1 hour and 2 hour heating compared to that in the control, respectively. Considering in the yield and fuel consumption for heating. 1 or 2 hours of early morning heating could be effective in temperature management for cucumber in a greenhouse cultivation.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2010

This research was conducted to investigate difference of internal temperature, humidity, and plant growth according to covering materials in sweet pepper's greenhouse. For growing period, daily mean internal temperature was not different between glass (GH) and plastic film house (PH), but the changed volume was more PH than GH. Internal humidity deficit was more PH than GH as that was 4.3 $g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ and 5.6 $g{\cdot}m^{-2}$, respectively. In change of internal temperature effected by different intensity of external light, that of PH was fasted twice that of GH, and that's tendency was effected by difference of internal temperature for several hours after sunrise. Leaf growth and photosynthetic product were more GH than PH, productivity of GH was better 80 percents than PH. As results, To improve productivity in PH compared with productivity in GH need to be the detailed managements of internal environmental factors in early period after sunrise.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.344-352
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• 2015

This study aims to identify the difference in the starting time of the dawn chorus of different species of birds and related environmental conditions. For this study, the bird songs were recorded every 2 hours a day starting from 2 hours before sunrise for a whole spring season (from April to June, 2014) in Korea. The recorded sounds were analyzed to find the starting time of each species' song by sonogram pattern using a sound analyzing program (Adobe Audition CC). To analyze the relationship between the environmental conditions and the time of the birdsong of each species, we collected the data of environmental conditions: daily precipitation, Julian date, time of sunrise and moonrise, temperature data and twilight time from the Korea Meteorological Office. As a result of this study, it was found that there are several statistical correlation between the starting time of the birdsong and environmental conditions (every environmental condition except daily precipitation and time of moonrise). Also, the difference of the starting time among each species were identified. The species were divided into 3 groups (early, mid and late) by their wake-up time. Ring-necked pheasant and yellow-throated bunting were categorized as 'Early' group and all woodpeckers were categorized as'Late' group. This study is significant as it first presented a classification of wild birds in Korea by the starting time of their dawn chorus. However, further studies are required to identify why each species to do their dawn singing at different times.