• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2001

This study shows that a functional order relationship of national highways in rural areas, which provides the functional system as a principal and minor arterial highways, can be established by the use of statististics. As a result, the adequate functional design criteria of those highways are proposed on the basis of the traffic characteristics in those areas. According to those statistical studies, a function of national highways in the national road network is proved to form three categories broadly. Especially, the survey results based on the traffic characteristics on each road sections show that the initially constructed national highways can not provide an adequate functional role as the arterial highways in the studied areas. In order to operate the intended national highways functionally as the arterial highways, the functional design criteria of highways and the standard order of highway facilities based on the design traffic speed should be considered as an alternative.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.726-729
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• 2011

스마트폰의 보급으로 인해 이를 이용한 전자금융거래가 빠르게 확산되고 있다. 대부분의 금융회사가 스마트폰을 이용한 전자금융거래 서비스를 시행하고 있으며, 장소와 시간의 제약이 없는 스마트폰의 특성으로 인해 이용자 수는 계속 증가하고 있다. 그러나, 현재의 스마트폰은 전자금융거래에서 가장 중요하게 처리해야 할 인증 단계에서 보안 취약점을 보유하고 있으며, 이에 대한 보안 대책 기술이 강력하게 마련되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존 연구가 가지고 있는 인증 방식의 취약점을 보안하기 위해 2팩터 인증기술과 인증 이미지 사진의 GPS정보를 활용하여 본인 인증 절차를 강화시키고, 전자금융거래에서 부인방지 기능을 제공한다. 또한, 단계별 시나리오 및 설계 방안을 제시하고 이를 바탕으로 보안 모듈을 설계 및 구현하여 연구의 효율성 및 타당성을 증명해 보이고자 한다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.526-531
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• 2014

This study was carried out to compare the growth characteristics and feed values of the whole crop silage rice from paddy field and reclaimed paddy field. The heading dates of tested varieties was August 8 to August 30 in the paddy field, 1~2 days later than the reclaimed paddy field's August 6 to August 29. Plant height was in the range of 105~135 cm in paddy field, and 97~126 cm in reclaimed paddy field, respectively. The plant height of Mokyang was tallest in the paddy field, but Suwon 544 was tallest in the reclaimed paddy field. The number of tiller per plant of Nokyang was largest in the paddy field. Dry matter (DM) yield of whole crop rice ranged from 15.26 to $23.24MT\;ha^{-1}$ in the paddy field and 11.94 to $18.89MT\;ha^{-1}$ in the reclaimed paddy field. The highest DM yield in both fields was attained by Mokwoo. Comparing with the paddy field, the reclaimed paddy field achieved 78~84% in the DM yield. The crude protein content of varieties was 8.5 to 11.6% in the reclaimed tidal land and 6.7~8.7% in the paddy field. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of varieties in both fields ranged from 31.2 to 55.5%. Suwon 544 recorded the highest NDF contents in both fields. All varieties did not show any significant difference in acidic detergent fiber (ADF) which had values ranging from 22.3 to 33.2%. Total digestion nutrient (TDN) was more than 60% overall in both fields. Regarding TDN yield, Mokwoo recorded $16.54MT\;ha^{-1}$ in reclaimed tidal land and $12.69MT\;ha^{-1}$ in the paddy field, which showed the highest figure among the varieties. These results suggest the feasibility for cultivation of the whole crop silage rice in reclaimed paddy field, which showed 80% of the yield compared to paddy field, and implied that Mokwoo would show the most excellent yield and feed value.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.7
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• pp.1007-1015
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• 2015

This study investigated the correlation between smartphone addiction and eating behaviors of 288 elementary school students (fifth and sixth grades) in the Ansan area. Addiction and normal groups consisted of 29 (10.1%) and 259 students (89.9%). Average usage time of the smartphone addiction group was higher than that of the normal group (P<0.001). Percentages of using a smartphone when eating meals as well as skipping meals due to using a smartphone were also higher in the addiction group than the normal group (P<0.01). Degree of reduction of physical activity and sleep disorders due to using a smartphone were higher in the addiction group than the normal group (P<0.001). However, nutritional knowledge related to protein and dietary life scored lower in the addiction group than the normal group (P<0.05). Correlation between smartphone usage time and eating behaviors was as follows: smartphone usage time on weekdays increased with elevated usage time on weekends in the addiction group (+0.742) (P<0.001) and the normal group (+0.762) (P<0.001). Frequency of snack intake in the addiction group increased with elevated usage time on weekdays (+0.460) (P<0.05). Sleeping time of the normal group decreased with elevated usage time on weekdays (-0.150) (P<0.05), and good eating behaviors decreased with elevated usage time the on weekend (-0.143) (P<0.05). Consequently, smartphone addiction in elementary school students showed negative eating behaviors. Therefore, effective nutritional education programs and national support policy are required to solve problems of unhealthy eating behaviors from smartphone usage in elementary school students.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.171-192
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• 2012

This study examined the aspects in elementary school students' career interest and career awareness by gender, age, and multi-cultural families/general families. The subjects were 341 elementary school students from multi-cultural families and general families. The results were as follows. First, there were significant differences in investigative, artistic, and social interests by gender. The children from multi-cultural families and general families showed no significant differences in career interest. Second, the children from general families had higher scores than those from multi-cultural families in self-awareness, occupational exploration, career attitude, and career awareness. And the girls had higher scores than boys in self-awareness, occupational exploration, and career awareness. Third, there were meaningful differences in career interest and career awareness by age. The younger children had higher scores in career interest and lower scores in career awareness. Fourth, the career interests had significant correlations with career awareness in both groups. And there were stronger correlations in general children. Fifth, the regression analyses showed that career interests had significant effects on career awareness in both groups, and there were higher effects in general children. The artistic interests in multi-cultural children and the social interest in general children had significant effects on career awareness. And the effect of multi-cultural families/general families was noticeable in occupational exploration, career attitude, and career awareness. The implication for multi-cultural career education and counseling practice are discussed based on the result of the present study.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.155-178
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• 2014

This study starts from the problem that although the solution premise the generality in algebra, a lot of students don't understand the generality of algebraic solution. We investigated this problem to understand cognitive characteristic of students. Moreover, we tried to find the elements which helping students understand the generality of algebraic solution. The purpose is to get the didactical implications. To do this, we had investigated the cognition of twenty middle school students for generality of solution. As result, 70 % of them didn't cognize the generality of solution. We had a personal interview with four students who showed a lack of sense of generality of algebraic solution. Putting into three action which we designed to help the change of their recognition, we observed and analyzed students cognizance change. Three action is the check of accordance for individual results, the check of solution accordance for different variables and the check of arbitrary variables. Based on the analysis, we discussed on the cognitive characteristic of students and the effect of three action. We finally discussed on the didactical implications to help students understand the generality of algebraic solution.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.9
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• pp.1356-1363
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of instant rice noodles made from rice flour with different harvest times rice processed products. The physicochemical characteristics of three different types of rice flour were investigated, including common rice flour (CRF, harvested in 2012), stored rice flour (SRF, harvested in 2008) and CSRF (CRF mixed with SRF). Instant rice noodles were manufactured with the three types of rice flour, and their quality and sensory characteristics were investigated. The water-binding capacity of rice flour was highest in CSRF. Regarding setback on RVA pasting viscosity, SRF and CSRF showed higher values than CRF. Water absorption after cooking of instant rice noodles was highest in common rice noodles (CON). The volume after cooking of instant rice noodles increased in rice noodles with stored rice flour (SRN). Turbidity of rice noodles using CSRF (CSRN) was higher value than that of CON. In texture properties, CON displayed the highest hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, and chewiness. In the sensory evaluation, overall acceptability values of CON were significantly higher than those of other rice noodles (SRN and CSRN). It was concluded that rice noodles with stored rice flour have increased turbidity with reduced texture and overall preference. This study suggests that addition of CRF may result in significantly increased overall quality of instant rice noodles prepared by SRF.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1287-1295
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• 2015

This research is the study on the comparative evaluation of SPC (Staggered Pedestrian Crossings) vs PC (Pedestrian Crossings) using risk analysis. Accident factor was elicited by survey of driver's and pedestrian's at SPC & PC. I estimated the weight of a risk of violation and a mental burden by AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and compared degree of risk at SPC AND PC. In conclusion, a new alternative plan of a pedestrian crossing system, staggered pedestrian crossing which plays an important role in traffic flow, pedestrian's crossings which plats an important role in traffic flow, pedestrian's convenience and traffic safer is sager than pedestrian crossings the degree of risk used this study doesn't imply an measure of the number of accident and the rate of accident, in estimating the degree of risk of pedestrian crossings, we should analyze more data of accident, behaviors, and road circumstance to include driver's and pedestrian's violation behavior in an estimate index.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1077-1091
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of argumentation-based general chemistry laboratory on preservice science teachers' chemistry concepts understanding and writing. Five topics about argumentation-based general chemistry laboratory activities were developed using Science Writing Heuristic (SWH) approach. Summary Writing Test, and Chemistry Concepts Test were developed as tools to examine the effects of this approach. Both Argumentation-based general chemistry laboratory activities and traditional general chemistry laboratory activities were implemented for the experimental group (23 students), and traditional general chemistry laboratory activities were implemented for the comparative group (16 students). Results of this study indicated that there were significant differences in both groups' chemistry concepts understanding and summary writing. The experimental group showed significantly higher mean score than comparative group in chemistry concepts understanding and summary writing. In the analysis of the sub-component of Summary Writing, there were no significant difference between both groups in 'Big Idea.' However, the experimental group gained significantly higher mean score in 'argumentation,' 'understanding of science concepts,' and 'rhetoric structure.' The results showed that argumentation-based general chemistry laboratory programs were effective in achieving chemistry concepts understanding and writing in general chemistry laboratory.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.515-525
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• 2010

We investigated design-based properties of the ordinary least square estimator(OLSE) and the weighted least square estimator(WLSE) in a panel regression model. Given a complex data we derive the magnitude of the design-based bias of two estimators and show that the bias of WLSE is smaller than that of OLSE. We also conducted a simulation study using Korean welfare panel data in order to compare design-based properties of two estimators numerically. In the study we found the followings. First, the relative bias of OLSE is nearly two times larger than that of WLSE and the bias ratio of OLSE is greater than that of WLSE. Also the relative bias of OLSE remains steady but that of WLSE becomes smaller as the sample size increases. Next, both the variance and mean square error(MSE) of two estimators decrease when the sample size increases. Also there is a tendency that the proportion of squared bias in MSE of OLSE increases as the sample size increase, but that of WLSE decreases. Finally, the variance of OLSE is smaller than that of WLSE in almost all cases and the MSE of OLSE is smaller in many cases. However, the number of cases of larger MSE of OLSE increases when the sample size increases.