• The Bimonthly Magazine for Agrochemicals and Plant Protection
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.66-73
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• 1983

최근 벼 농사의 안전 다수확을 목적으로 농가에 보급되어 재배되고 있는 수도의 품종적인 면이나 영농기술면에서 과거보다는 크게 상이한 점을 보이고 있는데, 일반 경종방법면에서 보면 파종기와 이앙기가 과거보다 훨씬 앞당겨지고 있고, 보온절충못자리 및 대형 집단 못자리의 설치, 기계이앙을 위한 상자육묘 시비량과 재식밀도의 증가 등을 들 수 있으며, 품종적인 면에서도 근년에 육성된 품종은 내비성(耐肥性), 내병충성(耐病蟲性) 등이 과거보다 훨씬 개선된 품종이 개발 보급되어 재배되므로서 병충해의 발생 양상도 달라지고 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.165-167
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• 1998

식물은 생육에 필요한 특정양분의 요구도가 환경요인, 품종 및 생육단계에 따라 좌우된다. 양액내 특정양분의 부족과 축적은 NFT같은 순환식 재배시스템에서 많은 문제점으로 나타나고 있는데 이는 식물생육이 주로 근권내 EC 조절에 의존하기 때문이다. 일반적으로 Ca, Mg, SO$_4$, Cl, Na, HCO$_3$$^{-}$등이 축적되기 쉬워 대규모 엽채류 재배농가와 식물공장에서 작물생육에 영향을 주는 것으로 알려져 있다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.73-74
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• 2001

도시지역의 오존농도는 배출원 환경 및 지형과 국지 기상조건에 의해 크게 영향을 받게 된다. 일반적으로 도시내 공단과 교통량이 많은 지역에서는 다량의 NO 배출에 의한 오존의 감소가 일어나는 반면 도시플륨의 풍하측의 지역에서는 오존의 축적과 함께 고농가 발생하게 된다 (Wang et al., 2001; Bower et al., 1994; Mckendry). 특히 연안도시의 경우 여름철 주로 발생하는 국지순환인 해풍에 의한 고농도를 경험하게 되는데, 이는 수면의 낮은 오존침적으로 인해 소멸의 영향이 적고 (Entwistle, 1997), 해풍역전으로 인한 연직혼합의 제한으로 인해 발생한다고 볼 수 있다 (Lu and Turco, 1994). (중략)

• KAPE Magazine
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• s.234
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• pp.4-6
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• 2016

축산물품질평가원에는 2016년 2월 현재 300여명의 직원들이 건강한 축산물의 생산 유통 소비 환경을 구축하기 위해 전국 각지 축산 현장을 누비고 있습니다. 현장에 계시는 생산농가나 유통관계자 등 축산 유통인이라면 축평원의 직원들과 함께 호흡을 나눈 경험이 있으실 테고 그만큼 익숙하시겠지요. 하지만 일반 소비자분들이시라면 등급정보지를 통해 살짝 엿봤다고는 하지만 생소한 점이 더 많으실 것 같습니다. 특히 축평원이라는 그림을 이루는 300여명의 다양한 구성원 조각들은 일반 소비자 뿐 아니라 축산 유통인들에게도 아직 미지의 세계가 아닐까 싶습니다. 그래서 준비했습니다. 2015년 '지원탐방'에 이은 기획 연재 2탄!! '우리, 만나볼란?' 다양한 이야기와 함께 하는 매력적인 축평원의 조각 다시보기. 많은 관심 부탁드립니다. 아울러 등급정보 $365^+$는 언제나 열려 있으니 '이 사람이 궁금하다'하는 인물이 있다면 제안해주세요. 열심히 취재해 매력 한 터럭까지 탈탈 털어 보여드리겠습니다!!

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.477-488
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• 2020

Recently, foodborne illness outbreaks linked to fresh produce are being increasingly reported in the United States, the EU, and Korea as well. Some of this increase may be due to improved surveillance, increase in consumption, change in consumers' habits, and complex distribution systems. Garlic chive is a green, fresh-cut vegetable consumed year-round as a nutrition-rich herb in Korea. It is also prone to contamination with foodborne pathogens during pre-harvest, as amendment with high amounts of livestock manure or compost to soil is required in its cultivation. Our aim in this study was to evaluate microbial contamination of garlic chives, garlic chives cultivation soil, compost, and irrigation water in the southern part of Korea. Samples were collected in A, B, and C regions in 2019 and 2020, and 69, 72, 27, and 40 of garlic chives, soil, compost, and irrigated water, respectively, were analyzed for the presence of sanitary indicator bacteria (total aerobic bacteria, coliforms and Escherichia coli), Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, pathogenic E. coli, E. coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella spp. In A, B, and C regions, levels of total aerobic bacteria, coliform, B. cereus, and S. aureus on all samples were between 1.14 and 8.83 log CFU/g, 0.43 and 5.01 log CFU/g, 0.41 and 5.55 log CFU/g, and 1.81 and 6.27 log CFU/g, respectively. B. cereus isolated from garlic chives and environmental samples showed β-hemolysis activity. Incidence of S. aureus in garlic chive and its production environments in 2020 was different from 2019. In this study, B. cereus and S. aureus were the only pathogenic microorganisms detected in all samples. As a result, this work suggests that continuous monitoring in the production and pre-harvest environment is required to improve hthe hygiene and safety of garlic chive.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.190-197
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• 2016

Aflatoxin M₁ can be produced in cow’s milk when cows eat contaminated produce. Milk is a major source of food for infants and for children who have a weak level of immunity, and the detection of Aflatoxin M₁ for risk assessment is necessary in order to reduce the amount of it in milk. In this study, the Aflatoxin M₁ level was monitored for one year in raw milk samples obtained from Chungnam Province, Korea. The milk samples were divided into three categories: 1. milk samples from a standard general farm, 2. milk samples from a HACCP controlled farm, and 3. milk samples from the supply of Aflatoxin M₁ reduced fodder. The average concentrations of Aflatoxin M₁ in milk were 0.023±0.005 ug/l for the standard general farm, 0.017±0.004 ug/l for the HACCP controlled farm, and 0.013±0.003 ug/l for the supply of Aflatoxin M₁ reduction fodder. Milk collected from the supply of Aflatoxin M₁ reduction fodder had the lowest level of Aflatoxin M₁. However, when efficiency and economic aspects are considered the most effective way of reducting Aflatoxin M₁, could be taking milk from the HACCP controlled farm and implementing good feed management. Institutional support from the government, careful management of dairy farming, and a strict farm sanitation program are required in order to lower the level of Aflatoxin M₁ in milk.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.200-206
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• 2019

Korea is introducing new animal welfare rearing standards for swine farmers in order to improve the breeding environment of livestock on Korean farms, Korea is establishing a policy to apply to all new farms in 2019 and to all existing farms in 2025. These guidelines are limiting stall breeding of sows after 4 weeks of pregnancy, the light intensity should be above 40lux, the ammonia level should be below 25ppm and the breeding density area should be increased from $1.4m^2$ to $2.25m^2$. In Europe, where animal welfare has been studied and applied for nearly 100 years, the facility specifications and management manuals are available and provided to farmers to introduce proper animal welfare for pigs and to enhance the convenience and utility of farmers who are converting to raising pigs. The EU has established independent standards for each country, and the EU has set the standards for floor facilities to improve animal welfare on pig farms and as applied by farmers. Yet in Korea, there are no methods and techniques for breeding methods that do not use an ordinary stall, except on a few leading farms. There has been no research on the welfare of sows so that farmer could improve sows' living conditions. Thus, farmers can minimize the difficulty of implementing the changing government policies, and they must develop farm turnover policies and specification management manuals to cope with the introduced regulations on sow group housing. We suggest that conducting research and evaluating the level of sows' welfare are important for farmers.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.55-63
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• 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate animal welfare approved farms in three housing systems (open, windowless, and free-range). The survey was conducted in 25 animal welfare approved farms, and 10 farms were surveyed for distribution status. The main breed in all animal welfare approved farms of laying hens was Hy-Line Brown variety. In the case of open house, laying hens were bred in traditional and panel houses simultaneously; however, the ratio of panel house was 58.3%, which was higher than that of the traditional house. All the windowless houses were made of panels and more than 15,000 laying hens were housed in a single windowless house. In the case of free-range house, it was maintained on a small scale of less than 12,000 birds. Fifty-six percent of the surveyed farms were breeding at $7{\sim}8birds/m^2$. In terms of male and female ratios, most farms maintained 1 male:15 females, but there was a farmhouse that switched 17 or 20 females to 1 male. The daily dietary allowance was 110~170 g, and 32% of the surveyed farms provided feed of more than 150 g/day, which showed that forage feed was important. The age of at the first egg was 123 days, 122 days, and 120 days, and the peak percent was 91.8%, 94.9%, and 86.5% in open, windowless and free-range houses, respectively. The average egg production rate was 74.0%, 84.6%, and 72.7% in open, windowless, and free-range houses respectively, thus, there was no correlation between feed intake and hen-housed eggs. Distribution of welfare certified eggs was mainly a direct deal with the consumer or through contract production. The ratio of direct transactions between large-scale marts and eco-friendly specialty stores of welfare approved eggs was higher than that of conventional eggs. The rate of contract sales of eggs in both the barn and free-range systems was high, and the percentage of courier sales farms was also high. Excluding courier services, price of eggs in the barn system rose to more than 30 won/egg in the second half of 2017 (after AI). Price of eggs in the free-range system rose to more than 50 won/egg in the second half of 2017 (after AI). In the case of courier sales, the same price of 500 won was maintained before and after AI. In conclusion, the results of this study can be used as basic data for improving the animal welfare certification system for laying hens in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.21-34
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• 1994

The objective of this study was to develop a user-friendly computer model for economic analysis on the commercial egg production that could help the egg farmer make managerial diagnosis and rational decision in the changing environment. To raise the adequacy of the model, the program was run for every sample and adjusted to fit the data. The model, programmed with Microsoft QuickBASIC, was a user-friendly computer program in supporting the Korean language. The basic analytical tool used in the study was an engineering-type computerized simulation model which incorporates a cost-benefit analysis of a full-time egg farmer. The computer model developed in this study may be the powerful analytical tool used to evaluate both a managerial decision whether to alter the production system and its impact on production, costs, revenue, and profits. Ultimately, the program is expected to enable the egg farmer to make managerial planning and diagnosis. The program can also calculate the values of economic variables at user-chosen incremental values of market eggs and feed prices. It provides the information on the profit and cost. This may lead the egg farmer, by allowing to establish the best managerial strategy, to increase the profit aor to lessen the cost. The results of this study could be utilized in the evaluation and improvement of the management. It also may be utilized for the researchers and guiding farmers in collecting and analyzing the data on the laying hen. In particular, such a program would be potentially useful to researchers who wish to quickly estimate profits associated with various laying hen treatments. The program could also benefit the egg farmer interested in making managerial decisions based on either current or predicted market conditions. The model would make the egg farmer respond actively to the information-oriented society by promoting to use personal computer.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.399-416
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• 2016

The main aim of the research attempts to identify value relations appropriated and realized in the coffee frontier of Vietnam by investigating the ways in which it is integrated into coffee global value chains driven by multinational companies, and to provide some implications of the integration of the frontier into sustainable coffee global value chains for creating shared value in Dak Lak, Vietnam. Recently Dak Lak has gone through the transition of value relations from exploitative value chains based upon conventional coffee production into shared value chains relied upon the production of sustainable or certified coffee in Dak Lak. The transition has been expected to result in sustainability in the creation of value by enhancing regional competitive advantages and regional bargaining power in global value chains driven by multinational companies. However, the reality has shown the intensification of hierarchical profits allocation among stakeholders such as farmer, middlemen, and multinational companies in the region. The main reasons for this could be found in two perspectives. Firstly, the formation of exclusive relations among farmers, middlemen, and processors has led to stakeholders to secure market, but resulted in the intensification of hierarchy among them in global value chain, because multinational companies could control indirectly over the farming system through exclusive middlemen. Secondly, social and ecological costs imputed by multinational companies to coffee farmers in the name of creating shared value has deteriorated the economic profits of stakeholders such as farmers and middlemen. As a result, it has led to the configuration of systematically hierarchical and subordinated global value chain in Dak Lak.