• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.253-260
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• 2004

As the need for more variety of interactive media grows, alternative interaction methods beyond conventional ones such as mice and keyboards are vigorously explored recently. In particular, these new approaches are getting attentions because they can enhance the user experiences in the interaction. Howerver, since they are case-dependent and specific, it still becomes crucial to consider and evaluate the effects and possibilities of interactions. The study aims to explore the ways to design the interactions by applying Behavioral Prototyping Methods in the initial stage of design development, which it calls 'Interactive Prototyping Method'. With the case project, 'Shadow Theater', which is an interactive installation for children, children can play and participate in interactive story-making by wearing hand puppets, casting shadows of hand puppets, and interacting with virtual objects on screen. To explore and design the interactions of Shadow Theater at the initial design process, the study builds an interactive prototype which borrows puppet theater settings and lets children play with hand puppets and other objects. The session of user try-outs with the prototype help to understand what and how they interact with virtual objects, and to improve the interactions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.129-129
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• 2023

연안 환경은 기후 및 도시개발과 같은 자연·인공적 요인에 따라 끊임없이 변화한다. 근래에는 연안 도시 인구증가, 기후변화 등의 영향으로 인해 그 변화가 가속화되고 있으며, 특히 연안 침식 및 이에 따른 해안선 변화에 대한 심각성이 대두되고 있다. 연안 침식은 해류와 해안 유사의 마찰로 발생하는 유사이송 현상으로 야기되며, 해안 환경을 변화를 초래하며 인간사회에 경제적인 피해를 주기도 한다. 연안침식이 사회적인 문제로 부상했음에도 여전히 이에 대한 대중적 문제의식은 부족한 실정이다. 이는 대중매체를 통한 시각적인 노출이 가능한 다른 재해에 비해 재해의 물리적 과정에 대한 시각적인 관측이 어렵다는 배경이 있다고 판단된다. 더불어, 재해의 간접체험이 가능한 플랫폼이 부족하다는 점도 원인으로 여겨진다. 기술이 발달함에 따라 시뮬레이션을 통한 재해의 간접체험이 가능한 플랫폼이 개발되어왔으며, 이는 직접 경험하기 어려운 재해에 대해 위험성 인지 및 경각심 고취에 활용되어왔다. 본 연구에서는 수치해석 플랫폼인 Celeris Advent(Tavakkol and Lynett, 2017)를 기반으로 실시간 유사이송 해석이 가능한 인터랙티브 수치모형을 개발하여 문제를 개선하고자 하였다. GUI(Graphical User Interface)를 통해 조작이 가능한 Celeris Advent는 수치해석 결과를 실시간으로 가시화하며, 이에 대한 사용자 상호작용이 가능하다. 이를 기반으로 유사의 흐름에 대해 모의가 가능하도록 모형을 구성하여 실시간 사용자 입력 및 유사이송 물리현상 관측이 가능하도록 모형을 개발하였다. 수치모형 지배방정식은 2차원 천수방정식과 유사이송방정식을 양방향 결합하여 구성하였다. 개발된 모형의 정확성 평가를 위해 1차원 및 2차원 수리실험 데이터를 활용하여 수치실험을 수행하였으며, 전반적인 결과는 실험데이터와 잘 일치하였다.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.297-305
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• 2018

Physical computing is the concept of expanding computing to humans, environments, and objects. It draws attention as a programming learning medium based on physical outputs in integration of hardware and software. This study developed a programming learning model based on interactive prototyping using the characteristics of physical computing with a high degree of technical freedom and analyzed its learning effect in an experiment. To examine the effect of the experimental treatment, this researcher divided fifty nine 5th-grade elementary students into an experimental group and into a control group. the interactive prototyping programming learning model was applied to the experimental group, and a linear sequential programming learning model was applied to the control group. Information Science Creative Personality Test was conducted before and after the experimental treatment. Analysis of Covariance was conducted with the pre-test scores of the two groups. As a result, it was proved that there was the effect of learning at the significance level of .05. It indicates that the physical computing based interactive prototyping programming learning model is applicable to the programming learning for 5th-grade elementary students.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.84-94
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• 2012

The year 2011 witnessed interactive communication media and digital instrument experience a substantial growth in popularity within developed nations as well as developing nations in part due to the ongoing development of internet and information technology. The development of interactive media and technology have contributed to the increased progress of not only digital contents but also to the development of diverse interactive arts. This study will demonstrate how the direction of interactive media moving images through interactive media by utilizing the use of interactive art directing modules which will aid by expressing the theme and the directing concept of the art. To aid in the understanding of interaction directing module, two examples of art works are used as samples cases - "Room Two"(Mixing Lab in a museum; Interactive media art & Experimental mixing, Seoul Art Center, 2006) and a RPG(Role-playing game) style Game. Through these cases, this study intends to enhance the yet insufficient reference for interactive media art and assist artists attempting interactive media moving images through interactive media.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.419-427
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• 2012

This paper presents the effect of a interactive learning experience and student's response to technological components We develop the interactive learning environment and learning model in lessons relying on educational robots and augmented reality in the school classroom. The developed learning model is based on the problem-based learning model. The experiments of the study conduct with 18 students, the $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ graders of an elementary school for 8 weeks using developed system. We find out the interactive learning experiences have an influence on the creative ability of children. We know that students who scored lower on the school exam scored higher on the score of creativity compared to top students through educational robots and augmented reality.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.5-14
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• 2003

This study suggest the development and application of the Interactive Design Toolkit as a participatory design method for general customer who are non-expert on design activity to participate in design process of mass customization. In order to let general customers to express their design needs, we have to make a familiar and direct communication method for them. And, customer's design needs should be transformed into digital media. This study define the Interactive Design Toolkit as a design tool for customer participation by direct manipulation of computer system for simulation of design needs by customer themselves. The Interactive Design Toolkit is based on a PC-based image perception system and its application. User can make virtual models in virtual space by manipulating physical objects in real world. And, The toolkit can be used in the field of participatory design for deliverer side customization, especially in system kitchen which is manufactured and distributed in modular system. More improved design toolkit for manipulating 3 dimensional shape is needed for consumer product design and car styling.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.39-57
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• 2012

Recently, due to the introduction of high-tech equipment in interactive exhibits, many people's attention has been concentrated on Interactive exhibits that can double the exhibition effect through the interaction with the audience. In addition, it is also possible to measure a variety of audience reaction in the interactive exhibition. Among various audience reactions, this research uses the change of the facial features that can be collected in an interactive exhibition space. This research develops an artificial neural network-based prediction model to predict the response of the audience by measuring the change of the facial features when the audience is given stimulation from the non-excited state. To present the emotion state of the audience, this research uses a Valence-Arousal model. So, this research suggests an overall framework composed of the following six steps. The first step is a step of collecting data for modeling. The data was collected from people participated in the 2012 Seoul DMC Culture Open, and the collected data was used for the experiments. The second step extracts 64 facial features from the collected data and compensates the facial feature values. The third step generates independent and dependent variables of an artificial neural network model. The fourth step extracts the independent variable that affects the dependent variable using the statistical technique. The fifth step builds an artificial neural network model and performs a learning process using train set and test set. Finally the last sixth step is to validate the prediction performance of artificial neural network model using the validation data set. The proposed model is compared with statistical predictive model to see whether it had better performance or not. As a result, although the data set in this experiment had much noise, the proposed model showed better results when the model was compared with multiple regression analysis model. If the prediction model of audience reaction was used in the real exhibition, it will be able to provide countermeasures and services appropriate to the audience's reaction viewing the exhibits. Specifically, if the arousal of audience about Exhibits is low, Action to increase arousal of the audience will be taken. For instance, we recommend the audience another preferred contents or using a light or sound to focus on these exhibits. In other words, when planning future exhibitions, planning the exhibition to satisfy various audience preferences would be possible. And it is expected to foster a personalized environment to concentrate on the exhibits. But, the proposed model in this research still shows the low prediction accuracy. The cause is in some parts as follows : First, the data covers diverse visitors of real exhibitions, so it was difficult to control the optimized experimental environment. So, the collected data has much noise, and it would results a lower accuracy. In further research, the data collection will be conducted in a more optimized experimental environment. The further research to increase the accuracy of the predictions of the model will be conducted. Second, using changes of facial expression only is thought to be not enough to extract audience emotions. If facial expression is combined with other responses, such as the sound, audience behavior, it would result a better result.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2014

Both researchers and practitioners are showing an increased interested in interactive exhibition services. Interactive exhibition services are designed to directly respond to visitor responses in real time, so as to fully engage visitors' interest and enhance their satisfaction. In order to install an effective interactive exhibition service, it is essential to adopt intelligent technologies that enable accurate estimation of a visitor's emotional state from responses to exhibited stimulus. Studies undertaken so far have attempted to estimate the human emotional state, most of them doing so by gauging either facial expressions or audio responses. However, the most recent research suggests that, a multimodal approach that uses people's multiple responses simultaneously may lead to better estimation. Given this context, we propose a new multimodal emotional state estimation model that uses various responses including facial expressions, gestures, and movements measured by the Microsoft Kinect Sensor. In order to effectively handle a large amount of sensory data, we propose to use stratified sampling-based MRA (multiple regression analysis) as our estimation method. To validate the usefulness of the proposed model, we collected 602,599 responses and emotional state data with 274 variables from 15 people. When we applied our model to the data set, we found that our model estimated the levels of valence and arousal in the 10~15% error range. Since our proposed model is simple and stable, we expect that it will be applied not only in intelligent exhibition services, but also in other areas such as e-learning and personalized advertising.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.71-96
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• 2008

Interactive Video Service(IVS) is a new type of media service that enables users to interact with others in the process of casting and watching videos in a system. 'Timing flexibility', which divides IVS into real-time IVS and non-real-time IVS, is one of the significant factors of interactivity. The objective of this study is to identify critical factors of interactivity in IVS and to compare their effects in terms of timing flexibility. To achieve the objective, prior literature has been reviewed to establish a theoretical framework, and twelve active users of IVS have been interviewed to develop research model of IVS. Finally, an online survey has been conducted to verify the research model. The results indicate that Technical Factor, Communication Factor, and Contents Factor of IVS are found to be the important interaction factors in IVS; and their impacts on the intention to use IVS were found to be affected by timing flexibility. This paper ends with theoretical and practical implications of study results.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.76-86
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• 2013

This study examined users' acceptance process with the QR code as an interactive marketing communications tool. We collected total 200 survey data and 181 questionnaires among them were used for the analysis during for five days, from 9 to 13 in May 2011. The first research question of this study examined the relationship among subjective norms, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitudes, and intention to use through the structural equation modeling analysis. The result of the first research showed that subjective norms about the use of QR code affect intention to use via perceived usefulness, and also directly influence on it. The perceived usefulness has the biggest impact on the intention to use. The research question 2 was to look at the condition effect with the presence of experience. As the analysis result of the second research question, the relationships between subjective norms and perceived usefulness are not different whether or not groups experience QR code, and both groups appeared to have had significant impact. Whereas the relationship between subjective norms and intention to use showed a significant influence on the population that has the experience with the QR code. In order to encourage use of the QR code, therefore, we will need to highly impress on users subjective norms which are ambient pressure on the use of QR code and positively offer marketing strategy which gives users the opportunities to get experience with the QR code.