• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.105
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• pp.95-126
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• 2008

We are all too aware of the ravages of scientific misconduct in the Korean academic community. Plagiarism and fabricated research have become an important issue after many figures such scientist Hwang Woo-suk, former Education Minister Kim Beong-joon and former Korea University President Lee Phil-sang were involved in research ethics scandals. Recent case of falsified data is the instance of Seoul University investigator Hwnag Woo-suk admittted full responsibility for the fabrication and use of false data in a paper published in 2005. Another important lessons learned by Hwang case were that the need of international accepted standards about research misconduct, the matter of authorship, proper allocation of credit, respect for human subjects in scientific research and conflict of interests. And Education Minister Kim Byong-joon have drawn the attention of the general public to the issue of self-plagiarism. Important lessons learned by Kim case were that the need of clear criteria on what is considered plagiarism and historical application. Most recently, Korea University president Lee Phil-sang plagiarized his pupils' academic work. Important lessons learned by Lee case were that the need of after penalty about research misconduct, research mentoring, and desirable whistleblowing. And I suggested three major lessons learned by synthesized review. The fist is the need of public system and institution, the second is the role of media, and the third is the need and direction of research ethics education. The government, universities and research centers are aware of the matters and lessons learned about reseach ethics of Hwang, Kim and Lee cases. And they suggest to set up education programs, guidelines and institutional measures for research ethics.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.2343-2348
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• 2014

Main ground net of power plant is formed to protect human body from increase in potential gradient caused by grounding current during ground fault. Calculations during ground design are generally performed according to IEEE Std-80-2000 (Kepco Design Standard 2602). However, it is difficult to apply this Standard to water environment, and a grounding technology is required to secure grounding resistance of floating photovoltaic system. Therefore the aim of this paper is to investigate and analyze ground resistivity on the water surface and underwater of reservoir using Wenner 4-pin method, a general method of measuring ground resistivity. Also, grounding resistance of floating photovoltaic systems currently in operation was measured and analyzed using the voltage drop method suggested in the international standard (IEEE Std-81) to propose a grounding method for stable grounding of floating photovoltaic system. The resistivity at 1m below the surface of water ($126.3969[{\Omega}{\cdot}m]$) is mostly higher than resistivity at the river bed ($97.5713[{\Omega}{\cdot}m]$). Also the proposed grounding anchor method was determined as the most effective method of securing stable grounding resistance in floating photovoltaic systems and is expected to be utilized as a ground method for future floating photovoltaic generation systems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.21-24
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• 1997

강원도 동해안 지역 하천은 유로연장과 유역면적이 작고 하천 상류부는 급경사이며 하류부는 완경사의 특징을 보여주고 있다. 이 지역 대부분의 하천이 바다로 직접 유입되고 있어 바다와 하천을 옮겨 다니는 회유성 어류가 서식하고 있으며 이들은 소하성, 강하성 및 양측성 어류로 구분된다. 이러한 회유성 어류의 이동은 동해안 지역 하천 하류부 완경사지에서 농업용수를 취수하기 위한 보의 설치로 인하여 어려워졌으며, 이러한 문제에 대처하기 위하여 수산자원 보호령(대통령령 제 5027호) 제 21조에서 어도설치를 규정하고 있다. 강원도 동해안 지역 하천에 설치되어 있는 어도의 실태를 보면 총 19개 하천에 있는 83개소의 농업용 취수보에 약 130개의 어도가 있다. 기존에 설치되어 있는 전어도에 대한 현장조사결과 어도의 기능에 장애를 일으킬 만한 원인은 어도시설의 구조적인 문제와 관리문제로 대별할 수 있다. 본 연구는 어도의 기능이 원활하게 유지되도록 어도시설물에 대한 각종 자료를 체계적으로 집적한 어도정보시스템을 구축하여 어도시설에 대한 현황파악을 용이하게 하고, 지방자치단체에서 개별적으로 수행하던 어도관리를 통합관리할수 있게 하며, 어도시설 표준모형 설계의 기초자료 및 하천 정보, 어류생태정보와 연결된 정보시스템으로의 확장을 가능하게 한다. 본 어도 정보시스템은 기본적으로 인터넷상에서 서비스가 이루어진다. 사용자는 웹 브라우저를 이용하여 어도 정보시스템이 탑재된 웹 서버에 접속하여 서비스를 요청한다. 사용자의 요청을 받은 웹 서버는 게시판과 DBMS를 제어하여 그 결과를 사용자에게 건네준다. 사용된 기술은 ISAPI 규격의 확장인 IDC, HTX이다. 관리자와 사용자의 입력, 수정, 검색, 삭제등에 관한 읽고 쓰기 권한을 구분한다.이 경과함에 따라 소멸하며 약산성에서 높은 생성능을 보임을 알 수 있었다, 강별로는 낙동강에서 THMs파 HANs의 생성능이 비교적 높았고, 영산강에서는 HAAs의 생성능이 높았다. 각 원수의 특성에 따른 생성능을 파악함으로써 생성능 저감방안을 마련하며, 소독 부산물질의 인체노출평가에 따른 위해성평가를 통해 관리기준을 설정해야 할 것이다.는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 한국 문화의 특징이라 할 수 있는 교수-학생간의 인간적인 관계가 중시되는 교육환경하에서, 정보화 사회의 한 수업형태인 재택수업을 외국(특히 미국)의 방법을 그대로 따라 실시할 경우, 많은 부작용이 있을 수 있다는 것을 암시하며, 따라서 우리 교육문화에 맞는 재택수업 형태의 개발이 시급함을 제시한다고 하겠다.column density of HCaN is (1-3):n1014cm-2. Column density at distant position from MD5 is larger than that in the (:entral region. We have deduced that this hot-core has a mass of 10sR1 which i:s about an order of magnitude larger those obtained by previous studies.previous studies.업순서들의 상관관계를 고려하여 보다 개선된 해를 구하기 위한 연구가 요구된다. 또한, 준비작업비용을 발생시키는 작업장의 작업순서결정에 대해서도 연구를 행하여, 보완작업비용과 준비비용을 고려한 GMMAL 작업순서문제를 해결하기 위한 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다.로 이루어 져야 할 것이다.태를 보다 효율적으로 증진시킬 수 있는 대안이 마련되어져야 한다고 사료된다.$\ulco

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2011

Health risk assessments for the abandoned asbestos mine were usually performed with activity-based sampling (ABS) method, which was not a effective tool for indexing health risk on an exact small area of mine. A newly proposed potential index of health risk (PIHR) was applied with proper spatial determination of geographical information system (GIS) to assess quantitatively health risks. A new trial was applied to a certain abandoned mine in Boryong as follows: A high grade area of PIHR was estimated 7.8% of the whole area of the mine (about 27.3 ha). Based on US EPA IRIS (integrated risk information system) model considering lifetime excess cancer risk (LECR), the health risk assessment indicated that the high grade area increased from 3.0 ha through 12.9 ha to 19.5 ha with an increase of asbestos contents in soil from 0.36% (1E-04 level) through 0.1% (3E-05 level) to 0.04% (1E-05 level). These results can be effectively applied to determine reclamation area of the abandoned asbestos mine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.8
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• pp.1139-1147
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• 2014

We investigated whether or not Schisandra chinensis (SC), a traditional herbal medicine, has protective effects against alcohol-induced fatty liver and blood alcohol clearance. Two tests focused on acute intoxication and chronic ethanol treatment were carried out. For the chronic ethanol treatment test, rats were fed ethanol by intragastric administration everyday for 8 weeks to induce alcoholic fatty liver. Ethanol treatment significantly increased blood alcohol concentration at 90 min after acute ethanol intoxication. Compared with the two ethanol-treated groups, rats administered ethanol along with SC extracts showed an approximately 13% increased blood alcohol clearance rate at 360 min. Chronic ethanol treatment significantly increased serum and hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels, and caused fatty degeneration of liver. Ethanol treatment also elevated the serum total-cholesterol (TC) level. However, after feeding of ethanol plus SC extracts, ethanol-induced elevation of hepatic TG levels reversed, whereas elevation of serum TG and TC levels was not observed after treatment with SC extracts. Ethanol treatment significantly increased ${\gamma}$-GT, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase activities after 8 weeks. Compared with the ethanol-fed group, rats administered ethanol plus SC extracts for 4 weeks showed attenuated fatty degeneration as well as decreased hepatic function test values. SC administration also significantly increased intracellular lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and reduced steatosis score and hepatic TG levels, as measured by biochemical and histolopathological analyses. Our results indicate that the protective effects of SC are accompanied by a significant decrease in hepatic TG levels, thereby suggesting SC has the ability to prevent ethanol-induced fatty liver, by reducing hepatic TG and enzyme levels in alcoholic rats.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.34
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• pp.43-50
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study is to choose a treatment plan and equipment to maximize tangential irradiation to protect the normal brain tissues as much as possible during total scalp irradiation. Subjects and Methods: After zoning the total scalp of a phantom and selecting a target area for treatment, the study made a Helical TomoTherapy(HT) plan, a Helical TomoTherapy with a Complete Block(HTCB) plan, and a Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy(VMAT) plan. All of these plans made sure that the volume of a treatment plan with 95% of a prescription dose(40 Gy) would not exceed 95% of the entire volume and that Dmax would not be more than 110% of the prescription dose. The therapy plans compared doses among organs at risk of damage including the brain. Doses in the brain tissues were assessed based on the volumetric criteria for normal tissues in Emami et al. Results: HT, HTCB, and VMAT had a dose of 21.68 Gy, 13.75 Gy, and 20.89 Gy, respectively, in brain tissues at D_33%, a dose of 7.06 Gy, 3.21 Gy, and 7.84 Gy, respectively, at D_67%, and a dose of 3.14 Gy, 1.75 Gy, and 3.84 Gy, respectively, at D_100%. They recorded a Dmean of 16.64 Gy, 11.78 Gy, and 16.64 Gy, respectively. These results show that the overall dose was low in the HTCB plan. When the volume of a low dose was calculated based on 5 Gy, they recorded 87%, 49%, and 96%, respectively, in V_5Gy. In addition, the maximum dose in the remaining organ(brain stem, hippocampus, and both lenses) except for the optic pathway was the lowest in HTCB Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that TomoTherapy with a complete block minimized a dose in organs at risk of damage including the brain and hippocampus on both sides and accordingly reduced the probability of side effects such as radiation-induced brain injuries and a resulting decrease in neurocognitive functions. In addition to total scalp irradiation, if additional studies on ring targets treated in various areas are conducted to establish the benefits of tangential irradiation, it is believed that TomoTherapy using Complete Block can be used to maximize tangential irradiation in treatment planning.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2005

Purpose : Heavy metal use when producing the block from the workshop. At this time, production of heavy metal dust and fume gives risk in human. This like heavy metal to improve seriousness through measurement and analysis. And by the quest in solution is purpose of this thesis. Materials and Methods : Organization is Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer, and the object is Deajeon city 4 workshops in university hospital radiation oncology (Bismuth, Lead, Tin and cadmium). Method is the ppb the pumping it does at unit, comparison analysis. And the Calculation heavy metal standard level in air through heavy metal standard level in body and blood, so Heavy metal temporary standard set. Results : Subterranean existence room air quality the administration laws appointed Lead and Cadmium's exposure recommend that it is $3{\mu}g/m^3\;and\;2{\mu}g/m^3$. And Bismuth and Tin decides $7{\mu}g/m^3\;and\;6{\mu}g/m^3$ through standard level in air heavy metal and standard level in body and blood. Heavy metal measurement level of workshops in 4 university hospital Daejeon city compares with work existence and nonexistence. On work nonexistence almost measurement level is below the recommend level. But work existence case express high level. Also consequently in composition ratio of the block is continuous with the detection ratio. Conclusion : Worker's heavy metal contamination imbrued serious for solution founds basic part. In hospital may operation on local air exhauster and periodical efficiency check, protector offer, et al. And worker have a correct understanding part of heavy metal contamination, and have continuous interest, health control. Finally, learned society sphere administer to establishment standard level and periodical measurement. And it founds basic solution plan of periodical special health checkup.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.477-487
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• 2019

Objectives: Firefighters are known to be exposed to a variety of toxic substances, but little information is available on the exposure profile of firefighting activities. The aims of this study were to conduct exposure monitoring of toxic chemicals at fire scenes, to compare the concentrations of respective chemicals among firefighting tasks, and to assess the main factors influencing the concentrations of chemicals. Methods: Researchers performed sampling at firefighting scenes during four weeks in 2013. At the scene, we collected samples based on firefighters' own activities and examined the situation and scale of the accident. Collected samples were classified into three categories, including fire extinguishing and overhaul, and were analyzed in the laboratory according to respective analysis methods. Results: A total of fourteen fire activity events were surveyed: five fire extinguishing, six overhaul, and three fire investigations. Although no substance exceeded the ACGIH TLV, PAHs were detected in every sample. Naphthalene ranged from 0.24 to 279.13 mg/㎥ (median 49.6 mg/㎥) and benzo(a)pyrene was detected in one overhaul case at 10.85 ㎍/㎥. Benzene (0.01-12.2 ppm) was detected in every task and exceeded the ACGIH TLV. No significant difference in concentrations between tasks was shown. Conclusions: These results indicate that all firefighting tasks generated various hazardous combustion products, including possible carcinogens.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.53-65
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• 2001

Purpose : To improve the local control of patients with nasopharyngeal cancer, we have implemented 3-D conformal radiotherapy and forward intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to used of compensating filters. Three dimension conformal radiotherapy with intensity modulation is a new modality for cancer treatments. We designed 3-D treatment planning with 3-D RTP (radiation treatment planning system) and evaluation dose distribution with tumor control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP). Material and Methods : We have developed a treatment plan consisting four intensity modulated photon fields that are delivered through the compensating tilters and block transmission for critical organs. We get a full size CT imaging including head and neck as 3 mm slices, and delineating PTV (planning target volume) and surrounding critical organs, and reconstructed 3D imaging on the computer windows. In the planning stage, the planner specifies the number of beams and their directions including non-coplanar, and the prescribed doses for the target volume and the permissible dose of normal organs and the overlap regions. We designed compensating filter according to tissue deficit and PTV volume shape also dose weighting for each field to obtain adequate dose distribution, and shielding blocks weighting for transmission. Therapeutic gains were evaluated by numerical equation of tumor control probability and normal tissue complication probability. The TCP and NTCP by DVH (dose volume histogram) were compared with the 3-D conformal radiotherapy and forward intensity modulated conformal radiotherapy by compensator and blocks weighting. Optimization for the weight distribution was peformed iteration with initial guess weight or the even weight distribution. The TCP and NTCP by DVH were compared with the 3-D conformal radiotherapy and intensitiy modulated conformal radiotherapy by compensator and blocks weighting. Results : Using a four field IMRT plan, we have customized dose distribution to conform and deliver sufficient dose to the PTV. In addition, in the overlap regions between the PTV and the normal organs (spinal cord, salivary grand, pituitary, optic nerves), the dose is kept within the tolerance of the respective organs. We evaluated to obtain sufficient TCP value and acceptable NTCP using compensating filters. Quality assurance checks show acceptable agreement between the planned and the implemented MLC(multi-leaf collimator). Conclusion : IMRT provides a powerful and efficient solution for complex planning problems where the surrounding normal tissues place severe constraints on the prescription dose. The intensity modulated fields can be efficaciously and accurately delivered using compensating filters.