• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.11 no.3_4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2000

This study investigated information acquisition from hypertext and the difference of searching behavior between adults and children. In experiment 1. we compared the amount of information acquisition from the hypertext to that of the printed text. The result showed that the performance in printed text was better than in hypertext. However. the performance of experienced (in the internet) participant showed no difference between the hypertext and the printed text. Experiment 2 compared the information-searching behavior of the adults and children in the hypertext environment. The results showed that adults performed the information-searching faster than children, yet there was no difference in the proportion of correct responses of the two groups. However. children who were more experienced in the internet and produced right answers to the 7th level questions in depth performed better and faster than the adults who were not. These results suggest that the experience in the internet is the most important factor in the searching of the wanted information.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.61-99
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• 2016

This research investigated that participants' response time and recognition in the decision-making situation would vary according to either rational or emotional stimuli and analyzed how brain functions are related to each type of stimuli by means of fMRI. We tried to address the difference of cognitive processing between rational stimuli and emotional stimuli in the perspective of information processing theory. In order to achieve the research purpose above, we conducted two kinds of experiment studies. In study 1, subjects conducted decision-making task which selected which kind of information type the stimuli was after stimuli - rational stimuli or emotional stimuli - was randomly seen during experiment. During this experiment, we investigated the effect of each stimuli by measuring the duration from the onset time at which stimuli was shown to the response time at which subjects conducted decision-making. Furthermore, we compared the brain functions by finding out what kinds of brain areas were activated during the decision-making task. In study 2, subjects conducted recognition task at which subjects made a decision whether the stimuli was sees in the previous experiment or not. During the second experiment, we investigated the recognition effect by measuring the memory for each stimuli type. Moreover, we compared the cognitive processes during recognition by analyzing the differences of brain area functions. The results of two experiments above were as following. Firstly, regarding the response time as the effect of stimuli, we found that the effect of emotional stimuli was higher than that of rational stimuli. And regarding the recognition as the effect of stimuli, it was found that the effect of rational stimuli was higher than that of emotional stimuli. Secondly, the explanation about the characteristics of cognitive processes with the result of behavioral response by analyzing brain functions was as following. First of all, regarding the decision-making task which conducted for analyzing the effect of response time, the relatively high activated brain areas of rational stimuli were related with the functions of movement control or working memory, and the relatively high activated brain areas of emotional stimuli were connected with the functions of lingual processing.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.25-45
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• 1994

The presnt study investigated the effect of stimulus-response compatibility (S-R compatibility) on Hangul transcription typing. In this experiment, two condition were manipulated, the first was a low S-R compatibility condition in which consonants were typed with left hand and vowels with right hand; the second was a high S-R compatibility condition in which hands for consonants and vowels were reversed. Subjects were requested to type the letter presented on the screen as accurately and immediately as possible. It was found that the compatibility interacted with the vowel shape. That is, in the high S-R compatibility condition, the response time was shorter when letters of vertically- shaped vowel were typed than when those of horizontally-shaped vowel were typed. In the low S-R compatibility codition, however, the response time was shorter for letters of horizontally-shaped vowel than for those of vertically-shaped vowel.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.242-250
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate whether Stroop-related cognitive task will be affected according to the preceding affective valence factored by matchedness in response time(RT) and whether facial recognition will be indexed by specific event-related potentials(ERPs) signature in normal person as in patients suffering from affective disorder. ERPs primed by subliminal(30ms) facial stimuli were recorded when presented with four pairs of affect(positive or negative) and cognitive task(matched or mismatched) to get ERP effects(N2 and P300) in terms of its amplitude and peak latency variations. Behavioral response analysis based on RTs confirmed that subliminal affective stimuli primed the target processing in all affective condition except for the neutral stimulus. Additional results for the ERPs performed in the negative affect with mismatched condition reached significance of emotional-face specificity named N2 showing more amplitude and delayed peak latency compared to the positive counterpart. Furthermore the condition shows more positive amplitude and earlier peak latency of P300 effect denoting cognitive closure than the corresponding positive affect condition. These results are suggested to reflect that negative affect stimulus in subliminal level is automatically inhibited such that this effect had influence on accelerating detection of the affect and facilitating response allowing adequate reallocation of attentional resources. The functional and cognitive significance with these findings was implied in terms of subliminal effect and affect-related recognition modulating the cognitive tasks.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.sup
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• pp.50-65
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• 2007

감미료는 감각을 만족시키는 기능을 가지며, 에너지를 공급하는 영양적 감미료와 에너지를 공급하지 않는 비 영양적 감미료로 분류 될 수 있다. 영양적 감미료들은(설탕, 과당 등) 미국 식약청에서는 일반적으로 안전하다고 인식(generally recognized as safe, GRAS) 되고 있다. 그러나 감미료 섭취는 적절한 영양섭취와 건강과 관련하여 아직 많은 우려를 가지고 있다. 첨가당으로부터의 에너지 섭취가 총 에너지 섭취의 25% 이상이면 식사의 질(quality)이 낮아진다. 지난 수 십 년 간, 당 섭취가 행동적인 면에 부정적으로 작용한다는 많은 이론들이 대두되었다. 그러나 포도당은 뇌의 주요 에너지원이다. 포도당의 기억력 향상기능은 모든 연령에서 보고되었으며, 특히 젊은 층보다는 노인에서 더 효과적이었다. 특히 적당량으로 섭취하였을 때 포도당의 섭취는 단어기억, 이야기 기억, 24시간 전에 학습한 정보에 대한 기억, 경계(vigilance)의 향상, 반응시간의 단축, 정신적 계산 능력의 향상, 시뮬레이터 조절에서의 실수감소, 스투르프효과(Stroop effect)의 감소, 지능검사의 향상, 실제사건에 대한 기억력 검사와 웩슬러 척도(Wechsler Scale)에서의 향상과 같은 여러 인지능력 검사에서 좋은 영향을 미친다고 한다. 포도당 용액과 간식의 섭취는 기억력을 개선한다. 아침식사를 거르는 것은 아동들에서 낮은 학습능력을 보인다. 인지능력 변화와 관련 있는 식이는 뇌에 포도당을 공급하는 것과 관련 있다. 과당도 동물실험에서 기억력을 향상시키는 기능이 있다는 것을 보여주고 있다. 본 논문은 당 섭취가 인지능력에 미치는 영향에 대한 과학적인 연구들을 종합하여 정리한 것이다.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.9
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• pp.101-128
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• 2002

Prior researchs on Internet shopping have focused on cognitive, technological factors, but this research is focused on emotions experienced during internet shopping. Examines emotion types experienced during internet shopping and shopping mall characteristics influencing emotional response and effect of emotions on internet shopping behavior, specifically focusing on gender difference The data, collected from a sample of 131 internet shoppers, indicate that emotion types experienced during internet shopping and shopping mall characteristics influencing emotional response and emotional response influencing internet shopping behavior are difference between female and male. Theses results provide insights on internet shopping mall management according to gender.

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.300-309
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• 2007

본 연구는 신호교차로에서의 딜레마 죤 범위를 산정하고 신호위반 단속의 허용 범위를 분석하는데 있다. 각 교차로 접근로별 조사 자료를 토대로 딜레마 죤의 범위를 산정하였고, 이를 토대로 신호위반 단속에 있어 딜레마 죤의 영향을 최소화 할 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 기존의 딜레마 죤에 관한 연구에서는 인지-반응 시간과 황색신호시간을 초기값으로 적용하였으나 본 연구에서는 해당 교차로의 조사치를 적용하였다. 조사 방법으로 속도조사는 스피드 건을 이용하여 각각의 대상 교차로별 접근로에서 접근 속도 및 통과 속도를 조사하였으며, 운전자의 인지-반응 시간 및 황색신호시간에 교차로를 통과하는 차량조사는 비디오 촬영을 통하여 조사하였다. 이러한 조사된 자료를 토대로 신호위반 단속기준에 맞추어 딜레마 죤에 관하여 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 딜레마 죤은 최소정지거리($d_0$)가 최대통과거리($d_c$)보다 클 때 존재하는 것으로 보았으며, 그 차이만큼의 딜레마 죤이 발생하는 것으로 정의하였다. 이에 신호위반 단속을 함에 있어딜레마 죤의 영향을 최소화 할 수 있는 방안 등을 제시하였다. 그러나 각각의 방안을 개별적으로 적용시킬 경우 문제점이 발생하였다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해서 자기감응식 루프검지기의 위치를 재조정함에 있어 하나의 루프 검지기를 정지선 이후에 존재함과 동시에 황색신호시간을 재조정하거나, 자기감응식 루프검지기의 작동시간을 재조정하는 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 3개의 교차로를 비교대상으로 선정하여 각각의 교통환경에 따른 접근로별 딜레마죤의 범위를 최소화하기 위한 대안을 제시하였다.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.4 no.11
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• pp.2786-2800
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• 1997

In this paper, we investigate how well the channel memory (statistical dependence in the occurrence of transmission errors) can be used in the evaluation of widely used error control schemes. For this we assume a special case named as the simplest Markovian block-error pattern with two states, in which each block is classified into two classes of whether the block transmission is in error or not. We apply the derived pattern to the performance evaluation of the practical link-level procedures, LAPB/D/M with multi-reject options, and investigate both throughput and user-perceived response time behaviors on the discrete-time domain to determine how much the performance of error recovery action is improved under burst error condition. Through numerical examples, we show that the simplest Markovian block-error pattern tends to be superior in throughput and delay characteristics to the random error case. Also, instead of mean alone, we propose a new measure of the response time specified as mean plus two standard deviations 50 as to consider user-perceived worst cases, and show that it results in much greater sensitivity to parameter variations than does mean alone.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.493-504
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• 2020

The objectives of this study was to examine the effect of Interactive Video Game on cognitive information processing the elderly. Sixty elderly were attended in this study. Their ages ranged from 65 to 70, with a mean age of 67.60 years. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: (1) interactive video game group (n=20), (2) aerobic exercise group (n=20), (3) control group (n=20). The experimental design of this study was analyzed using two-way ANOVAs with repeated measures of groups and time. Cognitive function was assessed by neuroelectrical response, and ERP analysis. The results of the study showed that the interactive video game group and aerobic exercise group showed no significant statistical differences in the response time, response accuracy, amplitude and potential of the performance of the exercise in cognitive function and ERP analysis, but improved the interaction video game group and aerobic exercise (walking) group over the control group. It was concluded that long-term aerobic exercise like interactive video game is associated with attenuation of cognitive decline in the elderly.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2010

LED technology offers versatile lighting control while having a very low environmental impact. Consequently, increasing attention is being paid to the emotional impact of LED lighting. This study investigated whether the chromacity of LED lighting influences people's time perception. To this end, two empirical studies were conducted: First, in experiment I(N=28), the subjects compared their perception of the time duration, which was varied from 3s to 20s, for 6 chromatically nuanced lighting conditions, respectively, with that under a daylight condition. The results showed that, in warm-color nuanced lighting conditions, the subjects perceived time to pass more slowly than in the daylight condition. On the contrary, in cool-color nuanced lighting conditions, the subjects perceived time to pass more rapidly than in the daylight condition. Then, in experiment II(N=39), the subjects were asked to count for 90 seconds while simultaneously performing some cognitive tasks. Confirming the results found in experiment I, the subjects perceived time to pass more rapidly in cool-color nuanced lighting conditions than in warm-color nuanced lighting conditions, although the difference was not statistically significant(p>0.05). In addition, the subjects tended to perceive the time to be shorter when the nuanced color of the light was closer to their preferred color.