• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.80-98
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• 2022

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is well known to have a limited response to drug treatment. Many recently published clinical care guidelines recommend trauma-focused psychotherapies such as cognitive processing therapy (CPT) and prolonged exposure therapy (PE) as first-line treatment and medication such as serotonin reuptake inhibitors and venlafaxine as second-line treatment. Current review introduces the session composition and contents of CPT and presents various CPT studies that show therapeutic effect for civilian and veterans/military with PTSD. In order for clinicians to help effectively patients with PTSD, it is necessary to learn and actively use evidence-based trauma-focused psychotherapies including CPT and PE.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.81-94
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• 2021

Objective : Response time plays a prominent part in research on cognitive ability and the aging effect. This study aimed to identify the impact of cognitive ability on information processing by conducting cognitive response time (CRT) using a computer program. Methods : This study was conducted in 30 normal elderly (NE) and 30 elderly with amnestic MCI (aMCI), aged 65-79 years old living in Daegu and Gyeongbuk. The results were analyzed using the statistical analysis program R 4.0.2 (University of Auckland, New Zealand). Results : In the three sub-areas of CRT, the total response time showed a significant difference depending on group or age, and the error rate showed a significant difference depending on age or group in some sub-areas. In the aMCI group, the performance of CRT significantly correlated with that of the overall cognition and memory test. Conclusion : Information processing depending on aging or cognitive ability and the differential performance of processing speed could be observed through CRT. The performance of this test was found to be significantly correlated with that of the overall cognition and memory test. Therefore, CRT could be used meaningfully as a simplified tool to predict the initial cognitive disorder of the elderly in the community.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.229-231
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• 2013

본 논문은 신경망 알고리즘을 사용하여 사람의 필기체 문자를 인식하였고, 이를 바탕으로 뇌졸중 환자의 재활치료를 돕는 시스템을 구현하였다. 뇌졸중 환자의 재활치료에서는 단기간에 환자에게 반복적인 행동 및 학습하는 것이 효율적이라고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 뇌졸중 환자에게 문자 템플릿을 보여주었고, 환자는 문자 템플릿을 인지하고 문자 템플릿과 같은 형태의 문자를 쓰게 하는 방식을 사용하였다. 뇌졸중 환자가 쓴 필기체 문자를 신경망 알고리즘을 사용하여 인식하고, 자주 틀리는 문자에 대해 추천시스템 방식을 사용하여 틀린 문자와 모양이 비슷하거나 같은 문자를 추천해줌으로써 문자 쓰기학습의 반복을 유도하였다. 실험을 통해 제안한 시스템은 뇌졸중 환자의 인지장애와 손 기능장애에 대한 재활치료의 효과를 상승시켰다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.527-539
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• 2018

Cognitive decline in aging is known to yield detrimental effects in syntactic processing and working memory capacity is the most crucial cognitive function in understanding older adults' sentence processing skills. This study examined how young and older adults utilize contextual information while resolving NP-attached Ps vis word-by-word self-paced reading paradigm. In addition, the study asked which cognitive functions play roles on the use of a NP-supporting context during processing of NP-attached PP. When NP-attached PP was presented in a supporting context, both age groups performed faster than in the null context condition. Among different cognitive functions, alternating attention skills were correlated with the ability utilizing context during syntactic ambiguity resolution and working memory capacity was not found to be crucial for this study. In conclusion, this study suggests that aging does not always affect older adults' syntactic processing negatively and relevant cognitive function may vary depending on the type of syntactic structure.

• Journal of Korean Society of Neurocognitive Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of task training for cognitive activation of upper extremity on upper limb function and activities of daily living and to suggest intervention in rehabilitation treatment. From January to February of 2018, nine stroke patients were arbitrated 30 minutes a day, five days a week, for four weeks. For the experimental group, the therapist has induced the group using the linguistic guidance to patients, so they utilize the cognition strategy. The control group conducted active exercises in a range of motion using the instruments and passive exercises in a range of motion to reduce the stiffness of joints and upper limbs. As muscle strengthening exercises, the patients were assigned to work on the biceps muscle of arm, triceps muscle of arm, and deltoid according to the individual patient's muscular strength level. For the experimental group, the MBI was improved by ten points at maximum, and K-AMPS motor skills showed the improvements of 1.0 logit at maximum, and processing skills showed improvements of 0.6 logits at maximum. In MFT, the maximum improvement was by two points. For the control group, MBI was improved by five points at maximum, and 0.2 maximum improvements were shown in K-AMPS' motor skills and 0.3 maximum improvements in processing skills. MFT showed no change. The conclusion is that the challenges to enable training for stroke patients give a positive impact on upper limb function and activities of daily living.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 2019

Objective: To develop and verify the usability of a cognitive rehabilitation system with diverse cognitive functional levels based on tangible objects for the elderly population. Methods: A study was conducted to investigate the system's strengths and weaknesses by upgrading it with responses from two groups of 15 patients and 4 occupational therapists. After undergoing three forms of training - regarding executive function, memory, and concentration for a total of 20-30 min, the participants were asked to answer a structured questionnaire about contents of the three forms of training, hardware including the tablet PC functioning as a CPU and display media and tangible objects, and satisfaction of experiential usage of the system. Results: Both groups responded that the most interesting training area was executive function while the least interesting was concentration. Six participants reported that the size of the screen of the tablet PC was inappropriate, and five responded that the size of the tool was inappropriate. All therapists and 40% of the patients responded that they were satisfied with this system. Conclusion: This system's features include easy manipulation of tangible tools for performing training tasks, easy selection of and training in cognitive areas based on users' needs, and automatic adjustment of difficulty level based on users' performance. The training environment was designed to be similar to the natural environment by using tangible objects in both hands as input devices for the system, and the system was considered as an alternative to the lack of community cognitive rehabilitation specialists.

• Journal of Korean Society of Neurocognitive Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.35-44
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• 2018

This study was conducted to explore the effects of semi-structured $DIRFloortime^{(R)}$ treatment on the enhancement of language comprehension and information processing of children with high-performance autistic spectrum disabilities. We measured the general characteristics of the test subjects, which are level of autism, total intelligence, language comprehension and information processing indicators. The intervention method used was a semi-structured $DIRFloortime^{(R)}$ therapy using board game intervention program after revising and supplementing the expert content validity. A pre/post-test for a group was designed as a similar experiment and the pre/post test was initiated with the t certification at .05 of significance level. After initiating the program, the post test has shown that the language comprehension indicators showed statistically significant levels of difference (p<.001) and the information processing indicator also had a statistically significant effect (p<.001). There was a statistically significant difference (p<.001) in the level of verbal comprehension index after the program implementation, and statistically significant differences in the information processing index (p<.001). The semi-structured $DIRFloortime^{(R)}$ treatment using boardgames for enhancing the language comprehension and information processing indicators of children with high performance autistic spectrum disorder had a significant effect.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.1706-1708
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• 2013

최근 규칙적인 수면을 이루지 못해 수면장애를 호소하는 사람들이 좌시하기 어려울 정도로 늘어나고 있는 추세이다. 수면장애 치료를 위한 보편적인 방법은 수면제 투여이나, 약물의 지속적인 투여로 인해 약물의 내성 및 의존성 등의 부작용이 일어날 수 있다. 따라서 근래에는 비약물적인 인지행동치료(Cognitive Behavior Therapy)를 통해 환자가 스스로 자신의 상태를 이완시킬 수 있는 훈련을 제공하고 있다. 하지만 치료를 위해서는 병원과 환자 모두 많은 시간과 비용이 든다는 문제점이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 환자 혼자서도 바이오피드백 훈련이 가능하도록 하는 시스템을 제안한다. 이 시스템을 통해 좀 더 효율적인 수면장애 치료를 기대할 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.23-48
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• 2024

Building human-aligned artificial intelligence (AI) for social support remains challenging despite the advancement of Large Language Models. We present a novel method, the Chain of Empathy (CoE) prompting, that utilizes insights from psychotherapy to induce LLMs to reason about human emotional states. This method is inspired by various psychotherapy approaches-Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Person-Centered Therapy (PCT), and Reality Therapy (RT)-each leading to different patterns of interpreting clients' mental states. LLMs without CoE reasoning generated predominantly exploratory responses. However, when LLMs used CoE reasoning, we found a more comprehensive range of empathic responses aligned with each psychotherapy model's different reasoning patterns. For empathic expression classification, the CBT-based CoE resulted in the most balanced classification of empathic expression labels and the text generation of empathic responses. However, regarding emotion reasoning, other approaches like DBT and PCT showed higher performance in emotion reaction classification. We further conducted qualitative analysis and alignment scoring of each prompt-generated output. The findings underscore the importance of understanding the emotional context and how it affects human-AI communication. Our research contributes to understanding how psychotherapy models can be incorporated into LLMs, facilitating the development of context-aware, safe, and empathically responsive AI.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

Being engaged in the musical tasks needs cognitive skills to perceive musical sound, organize them into meaningful unit, store them in the memory and retrieve them when needed. These skills are also required for academic tasks indicating that there is positive correlation between skills for musical and academic tasks. Based on these findings, the study purported to examine whether the developed sessions can enhance cognitive skills which is composed of auditory information skills, which is composed of perceiving sounds, organizing them into groups based on the existing information or organization pattern, and short-term memory skills. Eighteen elementary students in 4, 5, and 6th grades have participated in the study. The study has administered Music Cognitive Skills Test(MCST) before and after implementing music therapy sessions. The MCST consisted of five parts, first one measuring the rhythm imitating skills, second, measuring the melodic imitation skills, third, measuring discriminative skills in identifying higher pitch, fourth, measuring discriminative skills in identifying identical chords, and lastly, measuring the tone retention skills. The results indicated that there was statistical difference between the pre and post test in rhythm and melody imitation skills. Because reproduction of perceived rhythm patterns requires memory skills, imitating patterns are considered cognitive skills. Also melody is defined adding spatial dimension to the rhythm which is temporal concept. Being able to understand melodic pattern and to reproduce the pattern also requires cognitive skills. The subjects have shown significant improvement in these two areas. In other areas, there were definite increase of scores, however, no significant differences. The study also explores interpretation of these results and also observed consistencies among the participants in completing the musical tasks.