• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.82-93
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• 1997

교통의 발달 및 빈번한 문화와 정보의 교류는 옥외 recreation 활동 참여의 다양한 인종적 구성을 가져왔다. 이 연구의 목적은 옥외 recreation 활동의 하나인 스키장에서 이용 밀도에 대한 선호도를 문화·인종간의 혼잡규범적 차이로서 해석하는데 있다. 한국의 용평 스키장과 미국 Hunter Mt. 스키장에서 한국인, 주한 미국인, 미국인, 재미 한인 들을 대상으로 이용밀도에 관한 선호도를 측정하기 위한 설문조사를 실시한 결과, 1,157부의 설문지를 회수하여, 문화·인종간의 차이를 규명하기 위하여 Kruskal-Wallis test 실시하였다. 연구의 결과로서 재미한국인의 이용밀도에 대한 선호도가 동일 인종인 한국인집단보다 사회 문화적으로 공통성이 있는 미국인집단에 더 유사하였으며 그와 반대로 재한미국인집단은 동일 인종집단인 미국 집단과 차이가 없었다. 이 결과는 혼잡 규범으로서의 이용 밀도의 선호도가 이용자의 개인적 특성 및 인종적 특성뿐만이 아니라 문화인종적 특성에 영향을 받는다는 결론을 얻었다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.675-690
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• 2007

It has been widely believed that the ethnic relations in Honolulu and Hawai'i in the early twentieth century were little associated with racist ideology because the white race was minority in terms of the racial composition. In reality, however, the racial and ethnic issues have played a major role in forming the past and present relations among ethnic groups. This study shows that the white-supremacy ideology exerted a strong influence on minority groups in Honolulu throughout the immigration and settling-down process, as much as in the mainland U.S. Clear occupational stratification and residential segregation among the ethnic groups in Honolulu represented almost the same situation as in mainland cities. The social segregation and spatial propinquity of their residential neighborhoods facilitated the construction of dichotomized identity: "Local" versus "Haole". Such transformed identities were a product of on-going inter-ethnic negotiation process embedded in the non-white multi-ethnic neighborhoods.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.149-178
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• 2012

The initial purpose of Affirmative Action(AA) in the U. S. was to increase access to, and ensure the equitable distribution of, opportunities for racial minority groups in order to redress past discrimination. Over the last several decades, support for AA has grown and waned as structural, political and social currents have shifted. Most recently, AA in university admissions policy was once again tested as The University of Texas at Austin successfully defended its use of AA in admissions and now faces Supreme Court review concerning the lawsuit. Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the evolution of AA in university admissions reflected on major legal cases for and against it. AA is analyzed from the integrative approach based on the historical institutionalism. l.e., influenced by structure, political dynamics, institutions and critical actors.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.11
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• pp.245-274
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• 2006

Korea is not permitting the foreigner emigration officially. But to domestic the foreigner dwells in the form which is various and it is living. These people are slept, the industrial workers and married a person of different nationality and kosians. In 2005 October 27th a rase riot raised by the immigration and stay sleeping group in France. It observes the width eastern possibility due to foreigner immigration and stay which dwell even inside instruction making Korea which will reach sleeping group the reporter it does.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.32
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• pp.335-361
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• 2013

This study examines the ethnoscape of TV dramas on three Korean nationwide television channels from 2005 to 2012 by breaking down how many non-Koreans appear and how they are represented. Among all TV dramas, 6.4% show non-Korean characters of which are generally supportive or small roles. These characters are categorized into four groups: adoration, sympathy, proximity, and other. The adoration group consists mostly of white males from USA or Europe that have professional careers such as medical doctors or lawyers and are positively represented with attractive appearance and nice character. On the other hand, the sympathy group is made up of Southeast, Central Asians and blacks. They are mainly represented as an underprivileged group: females and low-paid workers. In the proximity group are the Japanese and Chinese characters. The Japanese are often represented as rich people that are highly competent or are able to easily cooperate with Koreans. This result shows that Korean TV dramas provide racial and ethnic stereotypes. Though rarely, some dramas represent various lives of foreigners and racial others in Korea. This study contributes to the establishment of sound multiculturalism by analyzing representation of racial others in TV dramas and internalized stereotypes of foreigners in the diverse and multicultural Korean society.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.672-684
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• 1996

This paper explores the inter-ethnic conflicts between Blocks and Hispanics focusing on the emergent Hispanic ethnictity that reveals situational character in the US contexts. In the US census categories, major groups are indetified by race and ethnicity in which the Hispanic orgin is a category based on their common language while diverse in nationality. The census defined Hispanic category extends conveniently to acquiesce Affirmative Action and other government resource distribution. Internally, Hispanics have established numerous organizations to coalesce and assure their interests. The achieved dual language program and jurisdictional revision to represent language minority work as leverages to their cohesiveness. Under diminishing public resources and welfare payment, it is more difficult sharing burdens than benefits between minority groups. Block are not comfortable with the benefits Hispanics receive form the civil rights achievement without having had to struggle for it. The ethnic conflicts of the have-nots have become a new ethnic phenomenon attributable to the emergent Hispanic ethnicity.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.77-91
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• 2012

배경 및 목적: 성병 감염, 조기 성경험, 다수의 성관계 파트너 등과 같은 위험 성행동은 여성의 건강 전반을 위협하는 결과를 초래할 수 있다. 하지만, 이러한 심각성에 비하여, 미국의 청소년기 및 청년기 여성의 위험 성행동을 소수인종 집단별 특성을 고려한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 그러므로 본 연구는 미국 소수인종 여성 청소년의 위험 성행동에 대한 실태를 조사하고자 한다. 방법: 본 연구는 2차 자료 분석의 결과물로써, 원자료인 미국의 National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health)의 1기 (1995년)와 3기 (2001년)의 자료 중 여성 청소년의 자료를 바탕으로 분석되었다. 다양한 위험 성행동을 인종별로 분석함과 더불어 본 연구의 특징은 종단적 성병 감염 행태를 인종별로 분석한 점이다. 결과: 본 연구는 소수인종 여성의 위험 성행동에 관한 핵심적인 결과를 제시한다. 성병 감염, 조기 성경험, 다수의 성관계 파트너 등과 같은 위험 성행동의 분포는 흑인과 아시아계 여성이 타인종의 여성에 비하여 높은 위험해 쳐해 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 흑인 여성들은 전반적인 성행동을 망라하여 고위험군으로 분류되고 있다. 아시아계 여성 역시 고위험 군으로 분류되는데, 특히, 청소년기에 성병에 한번 감염된 경험이 있는 아시아계 여성은 가장 위험한 성병 감염 행태를 보이고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구의 결과는 소수인종 여성의 위험 성행동이 백인보다 전반적으로 높은 편으로 나타나지만, 적절한 보건의료 서비스에서는 소외되는 현실을 지적하고 있다. 이러한 인종별 성건강의 불균형 문제해소를 위하여 청소년들에게 인종적 특성과 서비스 접근성의 고려가 절실히 필요하다고 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.49-79
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• 2009

This study examined how the explicit and implicit race attitudes differ according to age and gender from the developmental perspective in Korean elementary students. The study also investigated the efficacy of a multi-cultural education program on explicit and implicit attitude change in elementary school students. This thesis consists of two parts. In Study 1, elementary school students(first grade:117, fourth grade:117) completed Explicit Attitudes Rating Scales, Explicit Preference Test, and Child Implicit Association Tests (Korean-White/Korean-Black/ Korean-Southeast Asian IATs). The effects of age and gender on explicit and implicit attitudes toward Korean/White/Black/Southeast Asian were examined with two-way MANOVA. The results demonstrated that as age increases, in-group preference/out-group bias decrease on the explicit level. In contrast, on the implicit level, as age increases, in-group preference/out-group bias do not decrease. Rather, prejudiced attitudes toward blacks increase. Study 2 was performed to investigate the effect of a multi-cultural education program on explicit and implicit attitude change toward races in elementary school students. The program conveying an anti-bias message consists of three sessions, and the procedures are as follows; watching video clips, confirming contents and short discussion. Two classes in the program and two classes in comparative groups on the first and fourth grade of elementary school were assessed. The results showed that black preference significantly increased both in the first and the fourth grade elementary students on the explicit attitude level, but not on the implicit level. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.85-102
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the awareness of racial features, racial in-group classification and preference by Korean children. The study participants comprised 89 children aged 3-5 years. The children performed photograph description and choice tasks. The major findings were as follows: First, older children were significantly more likely than younger children to use racial feature and less likely to use general physical feature to describe the stimuli. Second, children tended to select the South-Asian person speaking in Korean language as a Korean, rather than the Korean person speaking in English. Third, children tended to select the person of Korean appearance speaking in English as a playmate. The result revealed the developmental features of racial awareness. Furthermore the correspondence of language plays an important role on the children's in-group classification whereas the correspondence of appearance plays an important role on the children's preference.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.30-40
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• 1998

이 연구의 목적은 젊은 아시아인과 코카시아 여성의 보행패턴 중 보폭시간(step time) 과 보폭 (step length)을 비교하고 두 집단의 골반넓이와 보폭과 상관관계가 있는지 알아보는 것이다. 연구대상자는 15명의 아시아인과 15명의 코카시아 여성이었으며 나이는 23세에서 35세 범위에 있었다. 보행분석을 위해서는 GAITRite System을 사용하였으며 분석방법으로는 인종(아시아인대 코카시아인)과 신체부위(좌측, 우측)를 요인으로 하여 반복측정에 의한 분산분석을 하였다. 아시아인 여성보다 코카시아인 여성의 보폭, 다리길이, 골반 넓이가 통계학적으로 유의하게 높았고 왼쪽 다리의 걸음과 오른쪽 다리의 걸음에 있어서는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그리고 보폭시간, 속도, 걸음수(cadence)에 있어서도 두 여성 인종간에 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이러한 결과는 보행변수 중에서 걸음수나 속도와 같은 시간변수에 았어서는 아시아인 여성과 코카시아인 여성간에 차이가 없음을 의미한다.