• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.77-80
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• 2002

이상치를 포함한 학습 데이터의 군집화 전략은 일반적으로 이상치를 포함하여 학습하거나, 이상치를 제거하는 두 가지 선택이 가능하다. 이상치를 제거하지 않고 학습에 반영시켜야 할 경우 한 개 또는 소수의 이상치가 독자적인 군집을 형성하거나 객관적인 군집화를 방해하는 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 이 때 주어진 학습 데이터의 군집 결과가 이상치의 영향으로부터 벗어나기 위해 원래의 학습 데이터에 대한 변환 작업을 거친 후 군집화를 수행할 수 있다. 이러한 변환 방법으로서 본 논문에서는 차원 축소의 기법으로 알려진 인자 분석의 점수를 사용하였다. 인자 점수로 변환된 학습 데이터에 대해 계층적 군집화, K-means 그리고 자기조직화 지도 등과 같은 군집화 알고리즘을 적용하면 이상치가 자신만의 군집을 별도로 형성하지 않고 다른 학습 데이터의 군집에 소속되면서 이상회의 영향으로부터 벗어남을 실험을 통하여 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.205-211
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• 2012

The retrieved documents have to be transformed into proper data structure for the clustering algorithms of statistics and machine learning. A popular data structure for document clustering is document-term matrix. This matrix has the occurred frequency value of a term in each document. There is a sparsity problem in this matrix because most frequencies of the matrix are 0 values. This problem affects the clustering performance. The sparseness of document-term matrix decreases the performance of clustering result. So, this research uses the factor score by factor analysis to solve the sparsity problem in document clustering. The document-term matrix is transformed to document-factor score matrix using factor scores in this paper. Also, the document-factor score matrix is used as input data for document clustering. To compare the clustering performances between document-term matrix and document-factor score matrix, this research applies two typed matrices to self organizing map (SOM) clustering.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2003

Purpose : The clinical consequences of arthroscopic Bankart repair using suture anchor with non-absorbable suture as well as various factors, expected to have an effect on the prognosis of disease, have been evaluated and compared through preoperative and postoperative modified Rowe score. Materials and Methods : Twenty-eight cases were evaluated for the subject of this study, which enabled us to follow up at least for more than 18 months from lune, 1997 to May, 2001. Modified Rowe score was used for the evaluation of preoperative and follow-up shoulder function and stability. After setting up 9 factors expected to affect a prognosis, a statistical verification was conducted. Results : The postoperative Rowe score was 87.3, while preoperative Rowe score was 28.4 and the Rowe score was improved significantly(p=0.000). There were 1 case of redislocation and 2 cases of limitation of motion in the shoulder. In prognostic factor analysis through Rowe scoring system. Rowe score of their age at a trauma under 20 years was greater than that of above 20 years and it was significant(p=0.023). Conclusion : It was thought that arthroscopic Bankart repair using suture anchor was one or useful treatment method for recurrent shoulder dislocation patients. It was considered that their age at initial trauma was the factor to affect a prognosis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.10b
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• pp.355-357
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• 2004

소프트웨어의 측정은 소프트웨어의 생명주기 초기에 분석되어 규모와 비용의 예측에 도움을 주어야 한다. 초기에는 정확한 LOC 기반 규모예측이 어려워 기능 점수 기반의 측정에 의하여 예측할 수 있다. 그러나 현재의 기능 점수 기반 측정은 모든 시스템에 획일화되어 있어 시스템의 특성을 반영할 수 없으며, IFPUG에서 제시한 일반 시스템 특성은 웹 기반 어플리케이션에서 사용자의 인지도가 매우 낮다. 본 논문에서는 웹 기반 어플리케이션 중에 동적 웹사이트에 특화된 시스템 특성 집합 및 영향도 측정 방법을 제시한다. 이 요소를 근거로 동적 웹사이트의 시스템 특성을 분석하여 기능 정수의 값 조정 인자에 반영하고 실제 시스템을 대상으로 조정된 기능 점수를 산정한다.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 2002

Objectives : The object of this study was to investigate the relationship between coping strategies and perceived stress or pain discomfort in patients with chronic low back pain. 80 patients with chronic low back pain and 100 normal controls participated in this study. Methods: Global assessment of recent stress (GARS) scale and Stress Response Inventory (SRI) were used to measure perception for stressors and stress responses. Coping scale and pain discomfort scale were used to measure coping strategies and pain perception. Results : Scores of perceived stress related to work or job, interpersonal relationship, changes in relationship, sickness or illness and the total scores on the GARS scale were significantly higher in those with chronic low back pain than normal controls. Scores of the SRI fatigue subscale scored significantly higher in those with chronic low back pain than normal controls. No significant difference was found on total scores of the pain discomfort scale between those with chronic low back pain and normal controls. The patients with chronic low back pain scored significantly higher on planful problem solving and positive reappraisal than normal controls. In the patient group, pain perception had significant positive correlations with total scores of the SRI and scores of stress perception related to illness or injury. The extent of escape-avoidance showed significant negative correlations with age, whereas the extent of distancing or escape-avoidance had significant negative correlations with the level of education. Significant difference was also found in accepting responsibilities between male subjects and females. However, no significant correlations were found between coping strategies and perceived stressors, stress responses or pain perception. Conclusion : The results suggest that patients with chronic low back pain were more likely to use more active coping strategies than normal controls, though the former had more perception for stressors than the latter. It was also found that coping strategies used by the patients were associated with sociodemographic factors, but that they were not associated with perceived stressors, stress responses or pain perception.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.259-261
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• 2003

소프트웨어 시스템의 규모 측정은 소프트웨어 개발에 필요한 비용을 산정하거나 필요한 인력 투입. 기간의 산정 등의 중요한 지표가 된다. 1990년대 후반 급격한 인터넷의 발달로 인해 다양한 기술과 웹 사이트가 등장하였다. 기존의 소프트웨어의 규모를 측정하기 위한 방법은 LOC와 기능점수(Function Point)가 있다. 그러나 LOC는 프로그래밍 언어에 의존적이므로 웹 페이지 규모를 측정하기는 한계가 있다. 따라서 웹 페이지 규모를 측정하기 위해 기능점수분석을 사용한다. 본 논문에서는 동일한 웹 페이지를 기존의 기능점수모형과 확장된 기능점수모형으로 분석하여 그 결과를 비교하고 미비점을 보완한다. 또한 다양한 웹 페이지들의 규모를 측정하기 위하여 기존 기능점수분석모형에 추가 조정 인자를 기술하고 확장된 기능점수모형을 제안한다.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.44-51
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• 2023

Selecting appropriate bidding system in construction projects considering the characteristic of project can be a make-or-break element, so the understanding for bidding system of public construction projects is ever more important from the perspective of both the owner and the contractor. The design-build bidding is commonly referred to as turnkey in Korea, and is a bidding method that is often applied to large public construction projects because it allows new technologies to be applied to the design and facilitates risk management for the owner. In this bidding method, there are only two factors (design score and price score) that affect the selection of the winning bidder, so it is important to understand the influence of each factor, but there is little research on the subject. This study aims to provide a basis for establishing bidding strategies for understanding the influence between design score and price score by analyzing various design-build bidding data of public construction projects. The results of the study show that design score is the factor that has more influence on the ranking of bidders in all three weighted evaluation methods: design-emphasized, price-emphasized, and equalized evaluation. In addition, we found that the correlation between design and price scores was not significant due to the unique bid evaluation structure in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.378-379
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• 2023

본 연구의 목적은 최근 증가하고 있는 고령 인구를 위해 여러 가지 요인을 고려하여 노인만을 대상으로 하는 여가 만족도를 산출하는 것이다. 노인의 여가 만족도에 영향을 주는 요인으로 '여가시설', '노인 인구', '노인 건강', '노인 소득'을 산정하였다. 해당 요인들에 가중치를 분배하여 산정하기 위한 방법으로 PCA와 선형회귀를 사용하였다. 위 과정을 통해 제작된 노인 여가 만족도 지표에 인자값을 투입하여 자치구별로 노인 여가 만족도 점수를 산출하였고, 스코어 카드를 통해 현황을 살펴보았다. 본 연구는 산출된 각 자치구별 여가 만족도 점수와 인자에 해당하는 점수를 파악하여, 여가만족도가 낮은 지역들의 취약 분야를 파악하고 취약 분야를 중점으로 여가 만족도를 개선해나갈 것을 제안한다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.455-464
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the status of dietary behavior and its association with study-related factors in middle school students. Methods: Study-related factors, dietary habit score and dietary behaviors were surveyed by questionnaire and then analyzed. A total of 580 students in some middle schools in Gyeonggi-do participated in this study. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS for windows Ver. 22.0. Results: 71.3% of the subjects slept for 6 ~ 8 hours, and the studying time outside of school was the highest (2 ~ 4 hours). The highest score for stress from studying by private lessons or academies was 'seldom stressed', with higher stress being observed in male students than female students. The average dietary habit score was 3.69 in male students and 3.62 in female students. The highest average time for meal eating was 10 ~ 20 minutes, with shorter times being observed for male students than female students. Eating meals was regular in most students and the highest number of snack eating was 1 ~ 2 times a day. For dietary behaviors by study-related factors, students with more than 2 hours of studying time outside of school showed higher dietary habit scores than those with less than 2 hours, who showed significantly higher rates of eating 2 meals a day. As the sleeping hours and daily average studying hours increased, the rate of regular meal eating increased significantly. Conclusion: The students showed good, above average dietary behaviors, but gender differences in study-related factors and dietary behaviors. Moreover, the sleeping hours and the studying time outside of school were correlated with dietary habit scores and dietary behaviors. Thus, continuous and systematic education for proper dietary behavior is needed along with greater interest in students with problems of study-related factors, particularly those due to study burden.

• Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society
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• v.59 no.11
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• pp.1062-1070
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• 2018

Purpose: We evaluated the prognostic factors of open globe injuries in children and adolescents, and compared the ocular trauma score (OTS) and pediatric penetrating ocular trauma score (POTS). Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 77 children under 18 years of age who visited our clinic with open globe injuries between May 1993 and April 2014. We investigated the factors that may affect final visual acuity. We also compared the OTS and POTS using receiver operating characteristic curves as a method to predict final visual acuity. Results: By univariate analysis, an initial visual acuity less than 20/200, globe rupture, wound size greater than 7.0 mm, retinal detachment, lens dislocation, and total number of operations contributed to worse visual outcomes (<20/200). Conversely, central corneal involvement, traumatic cataract, wound size less than 7.0 mm, and initial visual acuity greater than 20/200 were better prognostic indicators (${\geq}20/32$). Both OTS and POTS had diagnostic value as a predictor of final visual acuity, although there were no statistically significant differences between the two scoring systems. Conclusions: Initial visual acuity and wound size are important prognostic factors for the final visual acuity in children and adolescent, following open globe injuries. Both OTS and POTS are reliable prognostic models for open globe injuries in children and adolescents.