• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.3-16
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• 2018

Despite the substantial changes made in the product design field to adopt light as an essential design element, there has been little effort to define how customers respond emotionally to the light design of products. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the emotional effect of light as a new design element. However, previous research focuses solely on deriving optimal lighting conditions to achieve particular emotional effects. Therefore, this paper investigates the customers' desired emotional effects of product's light design. We studied refrigerators that utilize light as the main design element of the product. We applied mixed methods by combining close-ended questions and open-ended question to efficiently derive the desired emotion. Participants were asked to choose the most favorable refrigerator image in each of the twelve image groups and indicate why they choose that image with the short-answer survey form. Approximately one thousand terms were collected, and those terms were classified into 29 groups using thesaurus relationships. The term groups were again classified into the four big emotion categories and labelled as "abstract quality," "light property," "space perception," and "visual comfort." Also, a model of the relationship between desired light style and light properties was proposed, since we observed the light properties related to three other categories. This study used mixed methods to identify the emotional value of a new design element. We suggest that the emotional categories derived and the proposed relationship model could be used to evaluate the product's light design.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.813-843
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• 2008

This paper investigates the presence of long-run and short-run price asymmetries in weekly gasoline prices from January 1997 to July 2008. In accordance with distribution channels, wholesale and retail stages are analyzed separately. An approach based on TAR and M-TAR cointegration tests, which entail matching asymmetric ECMs, is employed. For wholesale prices, asymmetries in the links with crude oil prices and exchange rates are found for both ECMs in the long-run and short-run. Exchange rates appear to play more significant role than crude oil prices in explaining the short-run price asymmetry. The rise in crude oil prices or exchange rates has statistically significant major impact on the increase of wholesale prices on the second week, not immediately as expected in the concept of 'rockets and feathers'. And asymmetrically, the fall does not have any statistically significant effect on the same period. The finding seems to be somewhat unusual. However, for retail prices, asymmetry m connection with wholesale prices is only revealed in the long-run. A symmetric price adjustment can be assumed in the short-run. Contrary to the long-run asymmetry found in the wholesale stage, in the retail stage, the speed of adjustment for negative deviations toward long-run equilibrium is faster than for positive ones, which is a phenomenon not favorable to consumers.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.491-500
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• 2017

Recently, there are many children's hospitals which medical facilities are need to be improved in China. Except medical facilities, the environmental element-children's emotional security and mental development-were often been ignored. The waiting space is a place for the formation of the impression of hospital and the important space of spatial constitution for emotional security. It is necessary to provide a friendly environment for children. Previous studies showed there are three factors that affected healing environment in children's hospitals' waiting space: physical, psychological and conduct. The result showed that Chinese children's hospitals performed better in physical factor, but lack of psychological and conduct factor based on the case study of 6 children's hospitals in Beijing. In order meet the needs of patients and protectors better, the main purpose of this study is provide the suggestion for improving the healing environment from the perspective of design.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.43-49
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• 2000

That modem society is an information society, information society has placed a high value on information and knowledge. Therefore, modem civilization depends largely on information and knowlege so the most valuable sources of all intelligence activities. This paper was studied on the new developmental direction for intelligent network service. The results of this study is as follow: first, intelligent network service must be systematic development. Second, intelligent network service must be promoted, presenting the development and establishment direction in future society. Third, intelligent network service must be able to unify ail the networks. Fourth, intelligent network service must be development for customers. Fifth, the cost of intelligent network service is determined by Telecommunication Reguration Commission. Sixth, the number system of intelligent network service must be accomplished by number system for future

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.354-380
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• 2010

Cities are the most important type of tourist destination across the world, and yet urban areas have neglected in most academic studies of tourism. Urban destinations serve as gateways for tourist entry to the country, as centers of accommodation and a base for excursion to rural areas as well as destinations in their own right. Increasingly cities rely on image promotion to attract tourists to cities. A city's image is the sum of beliefs, ideas, and impressions that a people have of a city. Image has always been of great interest and concern to city marketers. The image improvement is very important especially in urban tourism development because tourism overwhelmingly depends on image. The cost and effectiveness of the image improvement strategy depends on the city's current image and real attributes. Some cities are blessed with positive images. They don't require changing the image so much as amplifying it and delivering it to more target groups. Many cities are stuck with a negative image. They need to remove it and make a positive out of a negative to correct it. Image reversals, however, are difficult to accomplish. Some cities are not well known because they are small, lack attractions, or don't advertise. They need to identify, develop, and disseminate a strong positive image for the city.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.733-740
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• 2010

This proposal of eco-friendly Resort wear targeting medical tourists of Jeju intend to contribute to the local economy by creating more added-values and profits. With high-quality leisure outfits, the medical tourism could provide tourists more pleasantness as well as a souvenior, which may help them to cherish the memory in Jeju. Well-developed Galot leisure outfits matched with other Galot products could result in additionary buying of other Galot items. Furthermore, by developing the size system as well as pattern grading, we can help local Galot manufacturers who currently require these standardized creation system. The summary of this research is as follows: 1. we examined the current issues and disadvantages of the local Galot through a survey. 2. We defined the Galot leisure outfit for Jeju medical tourism, conducted market research, and reflected these into representative designs for them. 3. We developed a size system as well as a pattern grading to standardize the manufacturing process.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.49 no.11
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• pp.24-35
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a dynamic lane control scheme with a traffic predictor module and a rate controller for reconciling with commercial optical PHY modules in energy efficient optical Ethernet systems. The commercial high speed optical Ethernet system capable of 40/100Gbps employs 4 or 10 multiple optical transceivers over WDM or multiple optical links. Each of the transceivers is always turned on even if the link is idle. To save energy, we propose the dynamic lane control scheme. It allows that several links may be entirely turned off in a low traffic load and frames are handled on the remaining active links. To preserve the byte order even if the number of active links may be changed, we propose a rate controller to be sat on the reconciliation sublayer. The main role of the controller is to insert null byte streams into the xGMII of inactive lanes. For the PHY module, the null input streams corresponding to inactive lanes will be disregarded on inactive PMDs. It is very handy to implement the rate controller module with MAC in FPGA without any modification of commercial PHYs. It is very crucial to determine the number of active links based on the fluctuated traffic load, we provide a simple traffic predictor based on both the current transmission buffer size and the past one with different weighting factors for adapting to the traffic load fluctuation. Using the OMNET++ simulation framework, we provide several performance results in terms of the energy consumption.

• 한국지구과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.239-244
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• 2006

충청북도 영동 지역에 분포하는 영동층군은 옥천변성대에 있는 소규모 퇴적분지중의 하나이다. 영동층군의 지질과 고생물에 관한 연구는 옥천변성대의 조구조운동과 관련한 퇴적분지 발달 규명과 아울러 경상분지와의 상호대비가 가능케 함으로써 이 시기의 한반도의 지질을 이해하는데 있어 매우 중요한 정보를 제공해 줄 수 있다(김규봉 등, 1986). 영동층군의 층서고생물학적 연구는 김규봉 등(1986), 전희영 등(1993), 최성자 등(1995)등의 연구가 있다. Shimamura (1927)는 영동층군에서 케이로레피드과(Cherolepidiaceae)에 속하는 식물화석의 산출을 처음 보고하였다. 이후 전희영 등(1993), 최성자 등(1995)이 영동층군에서 케이로레피드과에 속하는 식물화석을 다시 보고함으로써 영동층군에서 식물화석이 많이 산출될 가능성이 확인되었다. 본 연구에서는 식물화석의 연구에 중점을 두고 야외지질조사를 통하여 영동층군의 기존 화석산지와 새로운 화석산지로부터 많은 식물 화석을 채집하였다. 식물 화석은 모두 인상화석으로 보존되었으며 세일층의 층리면에 평행하게 밀집된 상태로 나타나지만 대부분 파편상으로 나타난다. 식물화석은 고환경이나 고생태에 대한 중요한 단서를 제공하고 과거의 기후를 알려주는 중요한 지시자로 사용되고 있다. 특히 케이로레피드과의 식물은 백악기의 대표적인 고기후의 지시자로서 잘 알려져 있다. 케이로레피드과의 식물은 분류상 구과류에 속하며 백악기에 걸쳐 세계적인 분포를 보이고 있는 화석이다. 본 연구는 영동층군에서 산출된 구과류 화석을 대상으로 고생물학적 연구를 수행하여 산출화석의 특징을 기재하고 체계적으로 분류함으로써 산출화석의 고식물학적 의미를 밝히고자 하였다. 또한 산출 화석의 특징과 지질학적 특징을 통해 중생대 백악기 영동지역의 고기후를 해석함으로써 고기후적 및 고생태학적 의미를 연구해 보고자 하였다.에서는 시스템 등급에 영향을 준다. 향후에는 더욱 더 다양한 상호의존 모델들이 정량화될 필요성이 있다고 본다. 진행하였다. 줄여서 보다 더 정확하고, 지능적인 규칙구성요소 추출 방법론을 제시하고 구현하여 지식관리자의 규칙습득에 대한 부담을 줄여 주고자 한다. 도움을 받을 수 있게 되었다.을 거치도록 되어있다. 교통주제도는 국가의 교통정책결정과 관련분야의 기초자료로서 다양하게 활용되고 있으며, 특히 ITS 노드/링크 기본지도로 활용되는 등 교통 분야의 중요한 지리정보로서 구축되고 있다..20{\pm}0.37L$, 72시간에 $1.33{\pm}0.33L$로 유의한 차이를 보였으므로(F=6.153, P=0.004), 술 후 폐환기능 회복에 효과가 있다. 4) 실험군과 대조군의 수술 후 노력성 폐활량은 수술 후 72시간에서 실험군이 $1.90{\pm}0.61L$, 대조군이 $1.51{\pm}0.38L$로 유의한 차이를 보였다(t=2.620, P=0.013). 5) 실험군과 대조군의 수술 후 일초 노력성 호기량은 수술 후 24시간에서 $1.33{\pm}0.56L,\;1.00{\ge}0.28L$로 유의한 차이를 보였고(t=2.530, P=0.017), 술 후 72시간에서 $1.72{\pm}0.65L,\;1.33{\pm}0.3L$로 유의한 차이를 보였다(t=2.540, P=0.016). 6) 대상자의 술 후 폐환기능에 영향을 미치는 요인은 성별로 나타났다. 이에 따른 폐환기능의 차이를 보면, 실험군의 술 후 노력성 폐활량이 48시간에 남자($1.78{\pm}0.61L$)가 여자($1.27{\pm}0.45L$)보다 더 높게 나타났으며 (t=2.170, P=0.042), 72시간에도 역시 남자($2.1

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.6 s.71
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• pp.905-914
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• 1998

The goals of this study were to present presurgical naso-alveolar molding (PNAM) appliance in unilateral cleft lip and palate treatment and to evaluate the effects of PNAM appliance on alveolar molding. Samples were consisted of 4 unilateral cleft lip and palate infants (3 males and 1 female, mean age=23.2 days after birth) who were treated with PNAM appliances in Department of Orthodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital. Average alveolar cleft gap between the greater and lesser segment was 8.27mm and average duration of alveolar molding treatment was 9.7 weeks. These patients' models were obtained at initial visit (T1) and alter successful alveolar molding (T2). Seven linear and five angular variables were measured by using photometry and digital caliper. All statistical analyses were performed by SPSS win ver. 7.5 program. Paired t-test was used to compare the mean values. 1. The posterior part of alveolar segments are the stable structures during alveolar molding treatment period in infants. 2. Forward growth of the greater segment may be hindered by the action of alveolar molding. 3. The closure of cleft gap during alveolar molding were usually due to inward and backward bending of the anterior part of the greater segment and outward bending of the whole lesser segment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.493-503
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• 2000

인터넷은 "정보의 바다"라는 말처럼 날마다 방대한 양의 데이터가 쏟아져 나오고 있으며, 이런 방대한 데이터 속에서 정보를 찾기란 쉽지 않다. 그러나 인터넷 사용자들은 정확한 정보를 신속하게 언제 어디서나 획득할 수 있기를 희망한다. 현재 정보의 창고인 도서관은 더 이상의 Paper 정보가 아닌 Digital 정보로의 변화가 필요하며 각 분야에서 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 연구개발정보센터(KORDIC)에서는 과학기술지역인프라 구축사업을 통해서 광주ㆍ전남권역을 시범 권역으로 선정하여 13개 대학의 도서관, 산업단지, 연구소(KORDIC)를 하나로 묶는 즉, 산ㆍ학ㆍ연이 하나가 되어 상호대차 원문 서비스를 할 수 있도록 기반을 구축하는데 목적이 두고있다. 본 시스템은 상호대차 원문 서비스를 위해 대학 간 분담수서를 통해서 분담된 도서를 원문서비스 하는 상호 협력 체제를 구축하는데 필요한 시스템이며 사용자들은 해외 저널 원문을 신청하게되고, 서비스 담당자는 신청된 해외저널원문을 Digital화해서 사용자에게 보내주는 체제를 구축하기 위해 열악한 대학에는 시스템과 통신 인프라를 지원하여 상호대차원문서비스가 가능하게 하는 것을 전제로 하고 있다. 분담수서를 통해 서비스하게 될 해외저널에 대해서는 각 대학에서 책임감을 가지고 서비스를 해야하므로 서비스의 질과 업무의 자립도를 높일 수 있으며 상호대차를 통해 산ㆍ학ㆍ연이 하나처럼 연계가 된다. 또한 해외 학술 저널 DB를 공동으로 구축하여 국내 지역별 대학소장 해외 학술 전문자료를 데이터베이스화, 전문정보망을 구축 회원기관 간 정보교류의 활성화, 대학 소장 해외 학술 전문자료의 정보 표준화 효과를 창출할 수 있으며, 분담수서를 통해 얻어지는 예산 절감으로 새로운 분야에 재투자한다면 정보의 질적, 양적 향상을 도모하게 될 것이다.것으로 나타났다.본 규격은 키, 총장, 어깨길이, 등길이, 머리길이, 머리둘레, 진동둘레, 목둘레, 가슴둘레, 허리둘레, 배둘레, 엉덩이둘레, 앞품, 뒤품, drop치를 포함하고 있고, 각 규격에서 호칭간 치수 간격도 함께 제시하고 있다. 본 연구 결과에서 보듯, 현행 8규격의 무진복의 각 호칭간 적정 허용범위를 고려해 합리적인 치수체계를 정립한다면 치수에 대한 적합도가 상당히 증가할 뿐 아니라 생산비용도 상당히 감축할 것으로 생각된다.나타났다. 4) 호감적 서비스능력 차원에서 세 독립변수간에 유의한 3원 상호작용이 존재하는 것으로 나타나( $F_{2,228}$=15.62, P<.001) 20대에 적합한 의복 착용시( $F_{2,228}$=3.98, P<.05)와 60대에 적합한 의복 착용시( $F_{2,228}$=16.55, P<.001) 점포유형과 격식차림간에는 유의한 상호작용이 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 5) 호감을 구성하는 세 요인들이 구매의도에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 호감적 인상차원은 29%(P<.001), 호감적 서비스능력차원은 6%(P<.001)의 구매의도를 설명해 주는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과 노년 소비자에게 호감을 주는 판매원의 외모는 구매의도에 영향을 주어 실버의류산업의 이익증대와 밀접한 연관을 갖는 서비스품질의 중요한 요인으로 밝혀졌다.중요한 요인으로 밝혀졌다.로운 단백질 EPSPS가 다른 여러 식물에 이미 존재하고 있는 단백질로서 우리가 이미 이러한 식품을 섭취할 때 이 단백질도 같이 섭취해오고 있었다는 점, 둘째. 이 단백질이 소화액 분해 실험에서 짧은 시간내에 분해가 되었다는 점, 셋째. 재조합 된 콩과 자연 콩이 성분 분석에서 차이를 나타내지 않았다는 점, 네 번째. 쥐를 통한 다양섭취