• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.527-533
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• 2020

Purpose: This study compared the effects of a buprenorphine transdermal patch (BTDP) on the chest and knee for pain control after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Materials and Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted from August 2018 to August 2019 on 231 patients who underwent TKA. Two hundred cases were selected considering age, sex, and body mass index. Before and after applying the BTDP, the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), adverse effects and compliance were measured. All measurements in the chest application group (group A=100) and knee application group (group B=100) were compared. Results: NRS was similar in rest between the groups treated with BTDP, but at two days and three days afternoon, five, six, and seven days postoperatively in group B, the NRS was significantly lower than that of group A. The adverse effects of the central nervous system and gastrointestinal system after applying BTDP were significantly lower in group B than in group A. No significant differences in adverse effects of the cardiovascular system and skin were observed between the two groups. Regarding the maintenance of BTDP, group B was significantly higher than group A. Conclusion: The direct application of BTDP after TKA to painful knee joints showed excellent results in early postoperative pain control and can be a useful method for increasing patient compliance by reducing the frequency of adverse effects.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.516-522
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• 2009

In this study, the effects of a mixture consisting of vitamin E, vitamin C, pycnogenol and evening primrose oil (mixture LGNC-5) on ultraviolet light (UV) induced pigmentation and wrinkle reductions of normal healthy volunteers were studied. In a double-blind placebo-controlled study, each of 54 subjects took daily either 4 capsules of the mixture LGNC-5 (Group ABC; 282.5 mg/capsule) or placebo (Group Ganada). We irradiated 2.5 MED UV on the upper arms and measured the whitening effect by colorimeter-based L value. The level of wrinkle reduction was determined by image analysis using skin replica around the crow' feet, and the level of serum vitamin E was determined at baseline and 12 weeks. After 12-week oral administration, the treated group showed a significant reduction in skin pigmentation and wrinkles compared with the placebo group (p = 0.011 and p = 0.000005, respectively). Also, the level of serum vitamin E was significantly increased in the treated group after 12-week oral adminstration of the mixture compared with that in the placebo group (p = 0.0001). In conclusion, 12-week oral administration of LGNC-5 as a dietary supplement could be effective to reduce both UV induced pigmentation and skin wrinkle without side effects.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.1 s.49
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• pp.111-114
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• 2005

This study is about the cosmeceutical products using enzyme induced bio-conversion system. In general, ascorbic acid (AA) has the higher reducing activity and can be used for various purpose in the cosmetics. But it is very unstable in the aqueous system and difficult to maintain its stability in the cosmetics product. 2-O-$\alpha$-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA2G) is the stabilized form of AA and showed the less whitening activity than AA. In this study, we developed bio-conversion system improving the stability and efficacy of AA2G and AA, respectively. In this system, AA2G (over $80\%$) can be converted to AA and glucose within 30 min. The converted product showed higher anti-tyrosinase activity like AA (AA2G showed no anti tyrosinase activity) and depigmenting activity in the artificial tanning test. From these results, we could conclude this system is a brand new method to increase the activity of AA and maintain its stability.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.242-246
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• 1998

From January 1988 to December 1995, 27 patients, 11 men and 16 women, underwent surgical intervention at our institution for prosthetic valve dysfunctions. The mean age was 43.5$\pm$12.2 years. Seventeen(63.0%) patients had the mitral valve replacement, 8(29.6%) the aortic valve, 1(3.7%) the aortic composite graft, and 1(3.7%) the tricuspid valve. Mean follow-up period was 49.5$\pm$30.9 months. In 12 bioprostheses, mean interval between the previous valve replacement and the reoperation was 104.9$\pm$34.9 months. The causes of redo surgery were structural deterioration of the prosthetic valve (12/12, 100%), paravalvular leak (2/12, 16.7%), and prosthetic valve endocarditis(1/12, 8.3%). In 15 mechanical prostheses, the mean interval was 55.2$\pm$43.7 months. The causes of redo surgery were pannus formation (8/15, 53.3%), paravalvular leak(4/15, 26.7%), and valve thrombosis(3/15, 20.0%). Posto- perative complications occurred in 7 patients (25.9%). There was no intraoperative death. But one patient, who received mechanical aortic valve replacement died on the 3rd postoperative day due to low cardiac output and multiorgan failure.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.359-366
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• 2002

Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD which is commonly called as Bisroot strain is being used for functional foods through the treatment of long-term intestinal disorders, since the live strains in the form of active endospores can successfully reach the target intestine in humans. The cells of B. polyfermenticus SCD were treated for 4h in artificial gastric juice (pH 2.0,3.0) and bile acid. Final viability of the strain in artificial gastric Juice (pH 2.0, 3.0) is reached to 62.8% and 81.2% respectively B. polyfermenticus SCD is resistant to antibiotics such as streptomycin, rifampicin, nystatin and ampicilin. B. polyfermenticus SCD is well known supplies the nutrients by synthesizing vitamin $B_1$, $B_2$, C and K. B. polyfermenticus SCD produces various digestive enzymes and the enzymes enable to completely digest diets in our body. Above all, $\alpha$-amylase and pretense activities are very higher than B. subtilis KCTC 1020, about two fold and twenty five fold respectively. B. polyfermenticus SCD is very stable during long-term storage period in phosphate buffers of wide-range pH, solutions of various concentrations of sodium chloride, 5% glucose solution and water.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.235-242
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• 2018

The interest about 4th Industrial Revolution was impressively increased from newspapers, iindustry, government and academic sectors. Especially AI what could be felt by the skin of many peoples, already overpassed the ability of the human's even in creative areas. Namely, now many people start fo feel that the effect of the revolution is just infront of themselves. There were several issues in this trend, the ability of deep learning by machine, the identity of the human, the change of job environment and the concern about the social change etc. Recently many studies have been made about the 4th industrial revolution in many fields like as AI(artificial intelligence), CRISPR, big data and driverless car etc. As many positive effects and pessimistic effects are existed at the same time and many preventing actions are being suggested recently, these opinions will be compared and analyzed and better solutions will be found eventually. Several educational, political, scientific, social and ethical effects and solutions were studied and suggested in this study. Clear implication from the study is that the world we will live from now on is changing faster than ever in the social, industrial, political and educational environment. If it will reform the social systems according to those changes, a society (nation or government) will grasp the chance of its development or take-off, otherwise, it will consume the resources ineffectively and lose the competition as a whole society. But the method of that reform is not that apparent in many aspects as the revolution is progressing currently and its definition should be made whether in industrial or scientific aspect. The person or nation who will define it will have the advantage of leading the future of that business or society.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.303-307
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• 2013

The cultivation of Poria cocos on tree-stumps and logs, was first described at the beginning of the 13th century. Poria cocos has been used for medicinal purposes to treat physical and mental recuperation, promote diuresis, forgetfulness and physical weakening. The artificial cultivation techniques of P. cocos was reported in China in 1957. are reported. The basic study on morphological characteristics and artificial cultivation method of Poria cocos with pine tree log buried under ground were initiated by Rural Development Administration. To widen the utilization of harvested sclerotia of Poria cocos as new food stuffs, powder of the sclerotia were used for producing new soft drinks and supplemented to wheat flour to make functional bread. Last 30 years, the supply of P. cocos in Korea through cultivation could not meet the domestic demand, Korea collected P. cocos in the mountainous areas and also import the sclerotia from China. Since the domestic demand of the sclerotia in China increased, the price of imported sclerotia of P. cocos also increased. Recently, high-quality and high-yielding cultivation methods were developed in Gyeongbuk Agricultural Research and Extension Services (GARES). The new cultivation methods of P. cocos developed by GARES was to change traditional cultivation method from under ground to above ground cultivation house, and shortened cultivation period by half, and improved the quality of the sclerotia. Therefore, it is suggested that advanced new technology for production of sclerotia of P. cocos from under ground and above ground must be developed for fullfil the domestic demand of the sclerotia.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.29-34
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• 2002

Our previous studies investigated that narrow field of view (FOV : 50˚) and slow navigation speed decreased the frequency of occurrence and severity of cybersickness during immersion in the virtual reality (VR). It would cause a significant reduction of cybersickness if it were provided cybersickness alleviating virtual environment (CAVE) using biofeedback method whenever subject underwent physiological agitation. For verifying the hypothesis, we constructed a real-time cybersickness detection and feedback system with artificial neural network whose inputs are electrophysiological parameters of blood pulse volume, skin conductance, eye blink, skin temperature, heart period, and EEG. The system temporary provided narrow FOV and decreased speed of navigation as feedback outputs whenever physiological measures signal the occurrence of cybersickness. We examined the frequency and severity of cybersickness from simulator sickness questionnaires and self-report in 36 subjects. All subjects experienced VR two times in CAVE and non-CAVE condition at one-month intervals. The frequency and severity of cybersickness were significantly reduced in CAVE than non-CAVE condition. Virtual environment of narrow FOV and slow navigation provided by electrophysiological features based artificial neural network caused a significant reduction of cybersickness symptoms. These results showed that efficiency of a cybersickness detection system we developed was relatively high and subjects expressed more comfortable in the virtual navigation environment.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2021

Gastrodia elata has a very low pollination rate in natural state, and even in artificial cultivation, there are very few individuals that bloom due to the degeneration, so little studies have been conducted. This study confirmed that the potential as a cosmetic ingredient by evaluating the antioxidant activity through the evaluation of DPPH radical scavenging activity, anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production, and the moisturizing activity through the effect on promoting hyaluronic acid production by artificially flowering G. elata flower. It was also confirmed that the appearance rate and flowering rate of G. elata harvested in spring were high, and the content of gastrodin was 0.36%. The IC50 value of G. elata flower extract was 0.045% and it was confirmed that G. elata flower extract had higher radical scavenging activity than G. elata root extract. The NO production inhibitory activity against the flower extract showed a significant inhibitory effect from 1% to 83.2%. Hyaluronic acid production promotion efficacy was not confirmed in the G. elata root extract, but the production rate increased with concentration dependence in the flower extract, and it was the highest at 46.9% when 0.02% treatment was performed. Based on the above research results, it is judged that G. elata flower extract has high potential for use as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin moisturizing cosmetic ingredient.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.497-502
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• 2022

Information delivery among young generation has a distinct tendency to prefer visual to text as means of information distribution and sharing recently, and it is natural to distribute information through Youtube or one-man broadcasting on Internet. That is, young generation usually get their information through this kind of distribution procedure. Many young generation are also drastic and more aggressive for decorating themselves very uniquely. It tends to create personal characteristics freely through drastic expression and attempt of face makeup, hair styling and fashion coordination without distinction of sex. Especially, face makeup becomes an object of major concern among males nowadays, and female of course, then it is the major means to express their personality. In this study, to meet the demands of the times, we design and implement the intellectual smart mirror application that efficiently retrieves and recommends the related videos among Youtube or one-man broadcastings produced by famous professional makeup artists to implement the face makeup congruous with our face shape, hair color & style, skin tone, fashion color & style in order to create the face makeup that represent our characteristics. We also introduce the AI technique to provide optimal solution based on the learning of user's search patterns and facial features, and finally provide the detailed makeup face images to give the chance to get the makeup skill stage by stage.