• KSBB Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2009

19 strains, which could be identified as Lactobacillus sp. were isolated. The Cucurbita maxima has been known as a traditional healthy food and variable positive effects on the human body were already reported. In this study we tried to develop a production process for a healthy fermented drink with Cucurbita maxima and strains originated from Kimchi. Many kinds of lacctobacci species existed in the fermented food cannot survive in the acidic conditions in the stomach. So we tried to search and select a strain, which can arrive to the small intestine. A species of a Lactobacillus named as C332 was identifed as Lactobacillus plantarum and selected for the fermentation process. With the treatment with artificial gastric juice and artificial bile the survival rate of the cells could be calculated. The physiological characteristics at the variable conditions have been tested. After fermentation process the sensoric tests on the product with panels were tried. The most of the cells could survive in the acidic conditions and falcultive anaerobe. Especially some antibacterial effects aganinst E.coli were also found. With all kinds of the results from our research the fermented Cucurbita maxima drink can be a successful item in the market.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.661-665
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• 2002

In order to develop ginseng tea powder with spore forming lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus sporogenes was used. In the jar fermentor experiment under optimal culture conditions, the number of spore of L. sporogenes reached about $20{\times}10^8\;CFU/mL$ and sporulation rate was 97%. Granulated ginseng tea was made from glucose 7 kg, lactose 2 kg, ginseng extract 1 kg and spores 5 g $(5200{\times}10^8\;CFU/g)$. In the treatment of artificial gastric juice (pH 3.0) for 4 h and artificial bile for 8 h, the survival rate of spores in the granulated ginseng tea was 55.4% and 90.0% respectively. The spores survived 77.6% after incubation for 20 min in boiled water. Its storage stability was about 75% for 12 months at room temperature.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.5958-5967
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to build a bioethical foundation for Paramedic students by identifying and explaining the subjective types and structures of the students' perception on abortion using Q-methodology. Forty statements as a Q sample are selected from the literature and in-depth interview, and P-sample consists of twenty nine junior Paramedic students. The collected data is analyzed by using a QUANL program. The analysis identified three types of the paramedic students' perception on abortion: The fetus-oriented decision type, The mother-oriented active decision type(n=15), The Type(n=9),and mother-oriented passive decision type(n=5). The three factors all had eigenvalues greater than 1.0 and explained 61.3% of the variance in responses. Based on the result of this research, type 1 focuses on the importance of life, whereas other types seem to demonstrate a self-centered mindse that puts more importance on self than the fetus. Therefore, bioethics courses, especially ones that deal with abortion, are crucial to those paramedic students who handle the lives of others.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.331-337
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• 2005

한우와 홀스타인의 분변으로부터 MRS배지와 LAPT배지를 이용하여 무작위 선발법으로 54균주의 유산균을 1차로 분리 하였다. 1차로 분리된 54균주에 대해 내담즙성이 우수한 10균주를 분리 한 다음 내산성을 조사한 결과 인공위액 pH2.5에서 LS1, LS15 및 LL6 균주가 각각 66.5%, 82.6% 및 80.7%의 생존율을 나타내었다. Sal. typhimurium, Sta. aureus 및 Cl. perfringens 의 병원균에 대해 가장 큰 항균력을 보인 균주는 LL6와 LL7이었다. API CHL kit로 동정한 결과 LS1, LS2 및 LM1 균주는 모두 L. fermentum, LL6와 LL7 균주L. acidophilus, LS3 균주는 L. plantarum으로 각각동정 되고, 나머지 4균주는 Lactobacillus sp. 로 동정되어 분리된 10균주 모두 안전성 있는 유산 간균임을 확인하였다. 10종류의 항생제에 대한 내성을 조사한 결과 ampicillin, amoxicillin and erythromycin 에 대해서는 억제되었으나 colistin과 ciprofloxacin에 대해 모두 내성을 나타내었다. LB1, LL6 및 LL7 균주는 gentamicin과 neomycin에 대해 내성을 보여 주었다. 분리 동정된 균주 중에 내산성, 내담즙성 및 병원성균에 대한 항균력이 우수한 것으로 probiotic 유산균으로 사용가능성이 높은 것은 LL6인 L. acidophilus 로 나타났다.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.264-279
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• 1998

This study researches the attitudes of nursing students toward induced abortion. It aims to Identify the structure of subjectivity of nursing students toward induced abortion. As the research method, Q-statements were collected preliminary to the study through in-depth group talking, case study and literature review. For the study, 28 Q-statements were selected. There were 40 students as subjects for the research. The 40 students sorted the 28 statements using the principle of Forced Normal Distribution. The results of the study were as follows : Three attitude types toward induced abortion were derived from Q-Factor analysis by using PC Quanal Program. The first type is called qualified deontology type. The second type is called rational utility type. The third type is called self-centered utility type. 1) Qualified deontology type emphasizes the importance of respect for life. Induced abortion is acceptable within just limit circumstances. 2) Rational utility type has more tolerance limits. There are rationale for induced abortion. Thls type hates becoming the target of criticism because they are single mothers, were rape or had a deformed baby. 3) Self-centered utility type believe that the most important in the world is one's self. This type emphasizes the importance of women's autonomy. And then the woman should be able to decide about abortion, because it is her body, it is her choice. The result of the study suggests that nursing education need more ethical teaching of the importance of human life. Be cause the fundmental concept of nursing is in the preservation of human life and in the respect for life, dignity and the rights of man. Nursing ethics is a essential for nurses.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.573-582
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate pregnancy, abortion and delivery rates among Korean teenagers. The subjects of this study were 11,433 teenagers aged 13-19 years in Seoul, Pusan, Taegu, Kwangju, Incheon, Taejeon and Ansan, Korea. Data were collected from Feb. 1994 to May 1995, 16 months, by schoolnurses or the researchers. The results showed pregnancy rate was 7.2 per 1,000 teenagers, the abortion rate was 4.3 per 1,000 teenagers, and the delivery rate was 1.2 per 1,000 teenagers. In the pregnancy experience, the main factors related to teenage pregnancy were love or marriage engagement. In the abortion experience, 53.9% of teenagers had had more than two abortion experiences, 38.1% midtrimester abortion, 22% complications after abortion, 36.0% sexual activity after abortion and 86.7% the financial support from partners or friends for abortion. In the delivery experience, 64.3% of teenagers delivered with no prenatal care and 42.9% had a delay in realizing they were pregnant. Fifty percent were delivered by non-professionals in non-medical institutions.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.293-312
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• 1998

This study was designed to find the characteristics and patterns in subjectivity of an attitude on the induced abortion before marriage in women for a university student. Q-methodology was used as a research design and the research procedures were as follows. Q-sampling has been derived from the literature review and interview. Its credibility and validity were also tested by nursing and methodology professors. Total of 34 statements were selected. P-sampling has been drawn and 49 samples were selected. Based on 9 point scale, the slected respondents rated their operant definition on the induced abortion before marriage in women. The results of above procedures were analyzed by PCQ program. The attitude about the induced abortion before marriage in women were analyzed based on the typal array, extreme comments, and the demographic information of study subjects. The results revealed that there were three types of attitude about the induced abortion before marriage in women. The three types were named as follows ; 1) The first type, agree of conservative perspectives, was consisted of 15 subjects. They emphasized the sanctity of human life and the right of life that will never allow the killing fetus and prevention of induced abortion. 2) The second type, agree of liberal perspectives, was consisted of 10 subjects. They insisted the right to choice for women to control their body, so women have appropriate reason, they could choice induced abortion. 3) The third type, agree of compromise perspectives, was consisted of 7 subjects. They emphasized prevention of induced abortion but allowed under social permission. As a result, this study discovered three types of the attitude about the induced abortion before marriage in women. By identifying the nature of each of these types, this study can be useful to develop efficient strategies for preventing induced abortion.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.103-122
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• 1998

This study measures the subjectivity(opinions attitudes) of college women. Identifying the schemata (structure of subjectivity) would be a basic step for the sexual educational program and alternative strategies of induced abortion. More concretely, those following research questions are focused. 1) The subjective schemata : find out typologies based on the opinions and attitudes toward the induced abortion. 2) Applications : describe the characteristics of each type. 3) Alternatives : provide suggestion of the alternative strategies for solving the induced abortion problems of women. Q-Methodological method was used for that purpose. As the research method, Q-statements were collected preliminary to the study of through in-depth interviews and a literature review. For the study 34 Q-statements were selected. There were 48 college women as subjects for the research. The 48 college women sorted the 34 statements using the principle of Forced Normal Distribution. The principle of Forced Normal Distribution, which has nine scales to measure the individual opinions, was called. Q-Factor Analysis by using PC Quanl Program to supply the material. According to the outcomes of this study, there were four categories of special opinion about the induced abortion in college women. The first type is called Practical type. The second type is called Responsible type. The third type is called Ambivalent type. As a result, We now need to change our perspective of women's health problems and need to develop realistic way of caring those women in suffering women's problems. Followings are to be suggested of the alternative strategies for solving the induced abortion problems. Finally, The result of the study will provide us the clue for developing the sexual educational program and alternative strategies for women's induced abortion problems.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.106-114
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• 2008

One bacterium, which showed strong antagonistic activity against H. pylori KCCM 41756, was isolated from kimchi. The strain NO1 was designated as Lactobacillus plantarum NO1 based on Gram staining, biochemical properties, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The culture medium $(2{\sim}4{\mu}g/ml)$ of Lb. plantarum NO1 reduced $(40{\sim}60%)$ the urease activity of H. pylori KCCM 41756. Lb. plantarum NO1 inhibited the binding of H. pylori to human gastric cancer cell line, AGS cells, by more than 33%. Lb. plantarum NO1 exhibited high viability (maintained initial viable cell count of $10^9CFU/ml$) in 0.05 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) for 2 h, in artificial gastricjuice for 2 h and in 0.3%, 0.5% oxgall for 24 h. Hemolysis phenomena did not observed when Lb. plantarum NO1 was incubated in the blood agar media. We concluded that Lb. plantarum NO1 can be a good candidate as a probiotic, harboring anti-H. pylori activity.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.196-203
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• 2006

Three slime-forming lactic acid bacteria were isolated from Kimchi and shown to produce viscous exopolysaccharides (EPS) in sucrose media. The isolated strains, GJ2, C3 and C11, were identified as Leuconostoc kimchii, Leuconostoc citreum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides, respectively, by examining their metabolic characteristics and determining their 16S rDNA sequences. Leu. kimchii GJ2, Leu. citreum C3 and Leu. mesenteroides C11 exhibited high viability (maintained initial viable cell count of $10^8$ CFU/ml) in 0.05 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) for 2 h, in artificial gastric juice for 2 h and in 0.3% oxgall for 24 h. When tested, Leu. kimchii GJ2, in particular, displayed antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms. Leu. kimchii GJ2, Leu. citreum C3 and Leu. mesenteroides C11 produced 21.49 g/l, 16.46 g/l and 22.98 g/l EPS, respectively, in sucrose (5%) medium. The amount of purified EPS extracted from Leu. kimchii GJ2, Leu. citreum C3 and Leu. mesenteroides C11 was 14.61 g/l, 7.73 g/l and 4.77 g/l, respectively. Although the EPS produced by Leu. kimchii GJ2, Leu. citreum C3 and Leu. mesenteroides C11 differed in viscosity, TLC and HPLC analysis revealed that each contained only one type of monosaccharide, glucose. The average molecular mass of EPS produced by Leu. kimchii GJ2 was 306,606 Da.