• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.832-847
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• 2014

The main aim of this paper is to contribute to building some strategic foundations for future Korean foreign investors in Cambodia by investigating trends and institutional changes in inward foreign direct investment and working conditions in Cambodia. Rapid increase in labor costs, and investment incentives centering on high-tech industries in China and Vietnam has led to the relocation of labor-intensive industries into low wage countries since the early 2000. As a result, Cambodia has emerged as a new alternative investment region in which enable to off-set existing locational and institutional advantages, so that it has implicated in changes in Asian economic geographies. In addition, the Cambodian government has operated two labor relations projects - Better Factory Cambodia and Labor Dispute Resolution Project - with ILO to improve the working conditions of foreign investment firms. These projects could provide an insight into constructing strategies for foreign investment, and also imply institutional embeddedness in Cambodia.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.103-112
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• 2012

Republic of Korea is recently becoming an advanced country with increasing standard of living. This is causing a lack of employment in the construction industry because of high labor costs and it is resulting rapid increase in foreign labors. Modular Method of Construction can be defined as 50%~90% of the entire process is completed in factory, and transferred to construction field to install. The main purpose of this process is to minimize the entire process that possibly can be done at construction field in order to maximize the quality. The current local usage of Modular Method of Construction started at Shin Ki Elementary School during 2003 and it is widely used for military facilities. It should be used more because it has strengths of spending short time period to complete and low production costs. It can make a change if Modular Method of Construction is applied. Toyota is currently producing vehicle with conveyor system and if Modular Method of Construction is applied, then it is possible to reduce the waste of labor, and automatic production time. Expansion of the modular Market can be expected by applying this method because it will improve producing costs, high quality, and enforced process. This research tried to solve the problem of factory's manufacturing production by applying local Modular Method of Construction to provide suggestions and analyze the profitability with applied conveyor system. It is depending on produced model, but this research's model will take 20 months including assessment of payback period.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.195-202
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• 2020

The production of larger of ships is a survival strategy for global shipping companies to pursue the economics of scale. According to this strategy, to respond to this situation, many containers are loading/unloading simultaneously in the hub port. Additionally, the container terminals are promoting the introduction of automation to expand the terminal facilities and increase efficiency/productivity of the container yards. European ports have introduced automation to address rising labor costs and shortages of labor. Recently, the construction of fully automated container terminals is increasing in the United States and China to resolve problems such as the slow growth of the global economy, the emergence of large ships, air pollution, and safety accidents. Domestic ports are at an early stage compared to the world's advanced container terminals, and countermeasures are being prepared to respond to the changing ports. However, research on the recognition difference analysis that examines the opinions of stakeholders is insufficient. As a result of analyzing the recognition among the groups, it was found that container terminal operators reduced labor costs, improved shipping services for shipping companies, prevented safety accidents for port union labor, and increased service for port authority and government agencies. Thus, to closely examine the perception among the groups, one-way ANOVA was performed, and then the implications were deduced as the basic data for the smooth introduction of automation.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.276-286
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• 2021

General high fluidity concrete is the area of high strength concrete with a high amount of cement to secure the required fluidity and workability. Since most of the concrete structures currently used have normal strength, there is a limit to the practical expansion and practicality of use. Thus it is necessary to develop normal strength-high fluidity concrete with low binders that can be used not only in general buildings but also in special buildings, and can greatly reduce construction time and save labor costs. This requires to develop and apply the polycarboxylate-based superplasticizer. In this study, PCE was prepared for each combination of starting materials(WR, HB, RT) and the rheological properties of cement paste were analyzed using ringflow cone and a rotary viscometer. As a result, when PCE with a combination of WR 80%, HB 6.5%, and RT 13.5% was applied, the yield stress can be minimized while securing the plastic viscosity at level of the normal strength. In addition, high fluidity due to the high dispersion effect was confirmed.

• Journal of the Korea society of information convergence
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 2012

Our eyewear industry, the recent growing its position has been weakened because of Chinese low labor costs, Japanese quality and technology and Italian excellent design, brand and marketing. Investigate the recent trend for the trade balance of China and Italia, the largest importer of the eyewear market in Korea. Sunglasses are the most vulnerable sectors of the eyeglasses industry in Korea. Continued investment and attention is needed to the eyewear design for the improvement of the trade balance.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.72-75
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 현재 국내에서 구축되어 있지 않은 3차원 BIM 기반 설계 및 시공 환경으로의 패러다임 전환에 대비하여 3차원 BIM 지향적 구조설계 프로그램인 SDP 제품군을 사용하여 BIM 프로그램들을 연동한 3차원 BIM 철근배근 자동생성 시스템을 개발하고자 한다. 현재 국내 건설업계의 치열한 수주경쟁으로 수익률저하/철근 등 자제가 폭등/인건비 상승/배근시공도 작성 인력 부족 및 신뢰성 저하 및 납기 지연 등의 기존 현황의 문제점 등을 SDP 제품군을 이용하여 구조설계/배근시공도 작성/정밀 골조물량 산출을 통합 지원하는 엔지니어링 컨설팅 환경을 구축하여 구조설계 시 V/E 동시 수행, 골조공사비 10% 절감, 배근시공도 및 물량산출 납기 최소로 단축, 배근시공도 정확성 향상/설계 및 시공 변경에 신속 대응, 공정 대비 발주 물량 관리 기능을 제공함으로써 고수익, 고효율, 고품질 의 엔지니어링 컨설팅 수행이 가능하다. 3차원 BIM 을 기반으로 철근현장가공에서 공장가공 전환 가속화로 국가적 물량 절감을 기대할 수 있고, 3차원 BIM 구조설계 및 골조공사 환경 구축 및 기술 자립을 통해 건설시공 분야의 기술력 향상을 기대할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.58-64
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• 2001

The quantity of container transportation of the world harbors is constantly increasing by 8.8％ per year until 2011. present port facilities will not satisfy it. So facility expansion is necessary. Because the processing cost in the harbor becomes to 30％ of total transportation expense, major ports in the world are making an effort in the automation facilities to solve the problems of higher labor costs and insufficient labor and to maximize the efficiency of the work and use of the land. Especially, the automation of the gate, which is the place of cargo's appearance and disappearance, the node which creates the information. is now rising as the important issue. In this study suggests more efficient design for port gate automation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1-7
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• 2001

Factors which affect largely the economics of lighting system, are initial installation costs, maintenance costs, energy costs as so on. In these costs, maintenance cost, lamp replacement labor cost, luminaire cleaning cost et al. so the economics of lighting system are evaluated different by maintenance planning. It is important to evaluate which lighting system would be economically advantageous in a initial design. In this study, the importance of maintenance factor is verified by the evaluations of the economics of lighting systems while maintenance factor is varied composition factors in ZCM which is used to calculate the average illuminance.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.544-552
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• 2000

Norway has the geological of condition of hard bedrocks, high mountains, deep valleys and fjords. In this background many tunnels and rock caverns are developed. In this process of constructing tunnels and rock caverns Norway seems to have strong competitiveness in the construction of tunnels. In spite of high salaries to the tunnel workers, Norwegian contractors are probably producing the cheapest tunnels and rock caverns in the world. Besides benefit of hard-rock geology, Norwegian cost-saying is owing to the Norwegian excavation technique in hard rocks such as unlined pressure tunnels, air cushion chambers, underwater piercing, and reasonable contract system and organization of workers developed from the accumulated experience. Brief analytical description of them are given in this paper in order to stimulate the utilization of the underground spaces.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.953-957
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• 2006

농업용수관리자동화사업의 시행은 수자원관리 중에서 용수절약 및 유지관리비 절감을 위해 도입된 용수관리 개선방안 중의 하나이다. 현재 대부분의 수리시설이 수원공 관리인과 수로감시원의 인력에 의해 관리되고 있으며 2004년 수리시설물의 관리비 집행내역을 살펴보면 시설유지비 54.2 %, 개보수비 34.2 %, 적립금 및 기타 비용이 11.6 %를 차지하고 있다. 이 중의 시설유지비는 인거비의 상승으로 1999년 41.4 %에서 2004년 54.2%로 증가되었으나 개보수비는 같은 기간에 41.5 %에서 34.2 %로 감소된 것으로 나타났다(농업생산기반정비사업 통계연보, 2005). 따라서 농업용수관리자동화는 시설관리비와 개보수비의 절감 그리고 적정한 용수관리에 의한 용수절감을 위해서 더욱 확대 보급할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 농업용수관리자동화 사업이 추진되어 운영되고 있는 충주지구를 선정하여 총사업비, 인건비, 유지관리비(통신료, 전력사용료 등), 수선유지비, 기타비용 등의 비용과 인력절감효과, 용수절감효과, 재해경감효과, 공익적효과 등의 편익을 분석하였다. 농업용수관리자동화시설에 대한 비용-편익 분석을 한 결과, 경제적인 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으며 지속적인 사업의 시행을 위해서는 시설에 대한 교육, 전문인력의 보충, 운영 및 유지관리비의 투자가 병행되어야 한다고 판단된다.