• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.41 no.5 s.116
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• pp.561-581
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• 2006

Machines, cities and bodies have been evolved together for a long time, and the recent development of information and communication technologies has transformed cities and bodies into new forms. Concerned with the relations between machines, cities and bodies, this paper explores how mobile networks are related with the physical space of the city and the psychological space of the body. The paper is organised into four main sections. First, it provides a theoretical review of the ways in which mobile networks transform urban spaces and human bodies. Secondly, it explains the generation of mobile networks through technological and institutional changes in Korea. Thirdly, it looks at the socio-spatial scales and time-space landscapes of mobile networks in relation to mobile users' motions and practices in their everyday lives. Finally, it attends to the ways in which mobile networks involve the production of paradoxical emotional spaces in relation to mobile users' emotions and desires to be dis/connected with mobile networks.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.159-166
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• 2001

동적 근력작업의 많은 부분이 기계화됨에 따라 상대적으로 정신적 작업의 비율이 높아지고 있다. 그러나 모든 동적 근력작업이 기계로 전환되는 것은 아니다 특히 의료, 복지 및 산업현장의 일부 등의 많은 부분에서 인간의 동적 근력작업에 의존하고 있는 실정인데, 이들 분야에서는 작업주체인 인간의 근육 피로에 수반되는 정신적 피로에 따라 사고의 위험성이 상존하고 있다. 또한 어떤 분야에서는 높은 강도의 동적 근력작업에 병행하여 대소의 정신적 작업이 요구되는 경우가 있는데, 인간은 신체적 활동에 육체적 피로가 수반되면 휴식을 통해 피로를 회복하고자 속성을 지니고 있다. 그러나 육체적 작업 도중 피로가 쌓여도 휴식을 취하는 것이 항상 가능한 것은 아니다. 즉, 생체리듬이 나쁜 때에도 작업을 속행하지 않으면 안 되는 경우도 일상에서 자주 경험할 수 있는데 이러한 상태에서 육체적, 정신적인 위험이 수반될 수 있다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.43-43
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.52-52
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• 2004

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.59
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• pp.387-404
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• 2015

A great number of philosophers during 'Six's Dynasty'(六朝) had the most active and furthest discussion throughout the history of China to study the concerns; Having a question such as "Where the body and the soul come out around us?", "What is the essence of complicated and delicate mental operation?" "Are there any relationships between the body and the soul?" and then "How do the human soul exist after death?" First, during 'Don-Jin' period as body and soul theory was based on 'Yin'(陰) and 'Yang'(陽). 'He Cheng Tian' said that everything which was burn on earth should die because the soul couldn't stay the dead body longer. In the same age, 'Ming Fo Run' and 'Da Xing Run' which denied that the soul couldn't exist forever were main topics of the discuss among the distinguished philosophers. Next, during 'Northern & Southern dynasty', body and soul theory was divided into two. First of all, body and soul of 'Heng Cun' might be harmonized, however, that was not perfectly put together. Because, after human death, even if the body of human might be existed, the soul left elsewhere but always stayed around us. The body was the soul which meant that the soul was to the nature of the body and the body was to the usage of soul. Many philosophers insisted that nobody meant no soul according to 'Shen Bu Mie Run' and 'Shen Mie Run'which was the main topic as an academic argument in those days. Finally, during Dong-Jin dynasty covered the significance of Body and Soul theory and analyzed the influence into the history of the history philosophy in china.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.105-105
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• 1994

신체 부위를 이용한 Manual Materials handling(MMH) 작업시 무리한 작업하중의 취급으로 인하 여 많은 사고 또는 요통이 발생하기 때문에 작업자의 능력에 맞는 적정 하중에 대한 연구가 필요 하다. MMH작업의 적정하중에관한 연구는 미국 등의 나라에서는 많이 이루어져 왔으나 우리나라에서 는 연구되어 있지 않다. 미국의 경우 NIOSH Guideline을 만들어 MMH시 작업지침으로 활용하고 있으 나 이 지침을 그대로 우리나라에 적용하기에는 신체조건이 달라 우리나라 고유의 연구가 필요하겠다. 적정하중의 연구에는 많은 시간과 경비가 필요하기 때문에 외국의 경우 심리 육체적방법(Psychophysical Method)을 사용하여 시간과 경비를 줄이고도 실제 8시간 작업시의 결과와 비슷한 결과를 얻었다. 본 연구에서는 MMH작업의 적정 하중결정에 있어서 심리육체적 방법을 사용하여 한국인 작업자에 대한 하중과 HIOSH Guideline의 RWL값과의 비교를 하였다. 학생군과 실제 작업자군의 피실험자에 대하여 심리육체적 방법을 적용하여 들기작업을 실험하였다. 6가지 들기 작업을 20분 동안 실시하여 피실험자들이 자신에게 적합하다고 생각하는 적정하중을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 학생군은 RWL값보다 평균 2.5배를, 작업자군은 3.4 배를 적정하중으로 정하였다. 따라서 HIOSH Guideline을 적용한 RWL값은 우리나라 작업자에게는 많은 여유가 있는 하중임을 보여 주었다.

• The Korean Publising Journal, Monthly
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• s.228
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• pp.8-8
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• 1998

인간한계에 도전하는 이야기가 담긴 다양한 산악도서는 사람들에게 귀중한 정보와 간접체험, 인간의지에 대한 감동을 준다. IMF 한파가 몰아닥친 이즈음 사람들에게 육체적, 정신적 고난을 이길 힘과 용기를 준다.

• Health and Mission
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• s.5
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• pp.40-44
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• 2006

인간은 육체, 정신, 영혼을 가지고 있다. 이들 세가지가 상호 유기적으로 관계의 형성을 인정 할때 영성진료의 개념은 성립한다. 건강과 질병개념은 인간 전체의 총체적 성격을 띤다. 영성진료를 포함한 '전인진료'의 중요성이 크게 대두되고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.710-727
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• 2007

This paper suggests an inquiry into the characteristics and implications of urbanscapes produced by Internet cafes, widely called PC Bangs in Korea, and their effects on the motions and boundaries of human bodies as cyborgs which exist in between actual and virtual spaces or between human and machine spaces in PC Bangs. The paper, which is organised into two main sections, first investigates the streetscapes of PC Bangs as electronic architectural spaces and suggests the urban electronic space of PC Bangs in terms of hypertext space. Then, it looks at the effects of PC Bangs on human bodies which exist as human-machine hybrids or cyborgs in PC Bangs. The paradoxical socio-spatial characteristics of PC Bangs as third, liminal or hybrid spaces between actual and virtual spaces or between human and machine spaces can be explained as follows. Firstly, there appear both nomadic and sedentary landscapes in that people in PC Bangs move in virtual spaces on the one hand, and are static in actual spaces on the other hand. Secondly, both open and closed spaces are shaped in that although PC Bangs act as open or public electronic spaces, they involve invisible social boundaries, forming the gendered space of masculinism. Thirdly, the boundaries of the human body are extended and are shrunk at the same time in that while the sensory boundaries of the body in PC Bangs are extended through electronic networks, its social boundaries are shrunk through the imaginary space of solipsism. Thus and finally, PC Bangs can be characterised not only as social spaces entailing embodied and gendered landscapes, but also as non-places involving the cyborg landscapes of human-machine connections.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.145-154
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• 2001

These days, the products like Walkman, mobile phone, notebook PC, PDA are moving together with our body, and in the imaginary world like internet, our other self, Avatar is moving in place of our body on the cyber world. These products are related with our human body, and when considering the ones, attached to the human body, and having the meaning of mental combination like these, as the combination of the human and the products, it is necessary to examine these products in approaching them with respect to the combination relation between the human and the products. As a result of examining we can understand that the products, said to combine with the human body, are coming oui steadily. and recently, the inclination on the combination and the movement appears strongly. As this background, there are a breakdown of dichotomy thought, mixed sexual imitation, cyber culture, techno culture. concept of informative nomands, phenomenon which the division of human and machine becomes vague. and the miniaturization of products. imitation of human, phenomenon that the Inclination on the combination with human is more accelerated by networking. These products combine with human body at each wearing type in the various forms. Its functions become multi-layered, and closer to the human body physically. or its communication becomes high·graded and, they have the recombined form through the existing products which the human has And, they communicate each other. have the strong fashionable property, and the characteristics like the imaginary product to imitate the human body and substitute for the human behave.