• Title/Summary/Keyword: 인간 생태학

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What Is a Monster Narrative? Seven Fragments on the Relationship between a Monster Narrative and a Catastrophic Narrative (괴물서사란 무엇인가? - 괴물서사에서 파국서사로 나아가기 위한 일곱 개의 단편 -)

  • Moon, Hyong-jun
    • Cross-Cultural Studies
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    • v.50
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    • pp.31-51
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    • 2018
  • The concept of 'monsters' have become popular, again, in recent times. A number of 'monster narratives' that discuss monsters such as zombies, humanoids, viruses, extraterrestrials, and serial killers have been made and re-made in popular media. Noting such an interesting cultural context, this article attempts, first, to find out some essential prototypical elements of a monster narrative and, second, to relate it with a catastrophic narrative. Correspondingly, the word 'monster' has been used as a conceptual prototype category that denies universal and clear definition, which makes it as one of the most widely used and familiar subjects of the use of metaphor. The prototypical meanings of various monster figures can be converged on a certain creature of being in this way held out as bizarre, curious, and abnormal. The monster figure that surpasses existing normality is also connected to 'abjection,' such as something that is cast aside from the body such as the bodily functions seen in its associated blood, tears, vomit, excrement, or semen, and so on. Nevertheless, both the monster figure and abjection produce disgust and horror in the minds of ordinary spectators or readers of media using this metaphor to heighten excitement for the viewers. The abject characteristic of the monster figure also has something in common with the posthuman figure, meaning to apply to a category of inhuman others who are held outside of the normal category of human beings. In the similar vein, it is natural that the most typical monster figures in our times are posthuman creatures embodied in such forms as seen with zombies, humanoids, cyborgs, robots, and so on. In short, the monster figure includes all of the creatures and beings that disarray normalized humanist categories and values. The monster narrative, in the same sense, is a type of story that tells about others outside modern, anthropocentric, male-centered, and Westernized categories of thought. It can be argued that a catastrophic narrative, a literary genre which depicts the world where a series of catastrophic events demolish the existing human civilization, ought to be seen as a typical modern-day monster narrative, because it also discounts and criticizes normalized humanist categories and values as is the result of the monster narrative. Going beyond the prevailing humanist realist narrative that are so familiar with existing values, the catastrophic narrative is not only a monster narrative per se, but also a monstrous narrative which disrupts and reinvents currently mainstream narratives and ways of thinking.

Distribution Patterns and Characteristics of Plant Species by Human Impact in Urban Areas1a - Case Study of Cheon-ju - (인간의 영향에 따른 도시지역 식물종의 분포 패턴 및 특성)

  • Choi, Il-Ki;Lee, Eun-Heui
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.505-513
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution patterns and characteristics of plant species by human impact in urban areas. In order to achieve a comprehensive data acquisition of all autogenously introduced vascular plant species occurring in the city of Cheon-ju, this study made an analysis of 106 sample plots, each with a size of one hectare, These sample plots were selected to represent the typical land-use patterns within the city of Cheon-ju and to cover the various distances from the city center. Species richness, patterns of life forms, and the percentage of non-native species were analyzed in relation to the degree of hemeroby of the sample plots. It was found that the species number appeared the largest in sites that were moderately influenced. This result corresponds to the intermediate disturbance hypothesis that moderate disturbance leads to an increase in species richness. The flora of sites which were subject to the highest level of human impact, was characterized by a high proportion of annual species and non-native species. In addition, some species were divided into three groups with similar distribution corresponding to land-use type and urban zone: urbanophobic (e.g. Indigofera kirilowii, Prunus sargentii, Rhus trichocarpa), urbanoneutral (e.g. Commelina communis, Erigeron annuus, Metaplexis japonica) and urbanophilus (e.g. Euphorbia supina, Senecio vulgaris, Taraxacum officinale).

The Vegetation and Soil Characteristics of Urban Forest as Geological Location in Daejeon, Korea (대전시 도시숲의 입지에 따른 식생 및 토양특성)

  • Lee, Ho-Young;Oh, Choong-Hyeon;Kim, Eun-Shik;Son, Yo-Whan;Park, Kwan-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.24 no.5
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    • pp.566-574
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    • 2010
  • This study was carried out for the purpose of understanding the situation of the urban forest and presenting basic data bases for a proper management plan through the analysis of forest vegetation and soil characteristics. In three representative urban forests of Deajeon, we analyzed the differences of vegetation and soil properties in each geological location. The indices of ecological health such as Species Diversity and Maximum Species Diversity are increasing in the order of Namseon Park, Wolpyung Park and Mt. Bomun; the first is in the center of the city, the second is well-conserved inner-city park and the third is in the border of the city. In the soil analysis of Namseon Park where human disturbance is strong, the surface fuel bed was very thin just 0.5cm and the soil was harder than the other two urban forests, the soil hardness was $0.5{\sim}3.7kg/cm^2$. All three urban forests showed low $pH_{1:5}$ under 5.0 except Robinia pseudo-acasia association of Wolpyung and low exchangeable cation level. These results say that the urban forests of Deajeon have been being acidified severely and the eluviation of exchangeable cation is proceeding. The organic matter and the available phosphate level was lower than the average level of Korean forest. It means that nutrition supply is not sufficient. In Daejeon urban forests, the management plan of urban forest is necessary according to the analysis result of vegetation and soil.

Effects of weather change, human disturbance and interspecific competition on life-history and migration of wintering Red-crowned cranes (기후변화와 인간의 방해 및 종간경쟁이 두루미 월동생태와 이동에 미치는 영향)

  • Hong, Mi-Jin;Lee, Who-Seung;Yoo, Jeong-Chil
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.29 no.5
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    • pp.681-692
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    • 2015
  • It is well documented that physiological and nutritional condition of wintering birds is strongly related to migration success to breeding sites, and also breeding success. However, how abiotic factors during winter affect the migration and breeding successes still remains unclear. Thus, this study developed a dynamic-state-dependent model for wintering life-history to identify the potential impact on the life-history, success to breeding site and breeding success of wintering birds, which are related to temperature fluctuation, interspecific competition and human disturbance at the wintering sites. To find the best-fit-model, we referred to the existing research data on wintering ecology of Red-crowned cranes (Grus japonensis) in Cheolwon, Korea, which is well documented as a long-term wintering study. Our model predicted that the higher temperature fluctuation and a higher rate of human disturbance are negatively related to migration success to breeding sites and their fitness, ultimately breeding success via changing of proportion in resource allocation (for e. g., lower energy compensation or higher level of stress accumulation). Particularly, the rate of body mass compensation after arrival at wintering sites may be accelerated when there are less temperature fluctuations and a lower rate of human disturbance. In addition, the rate of interspecific competition sharing the wintering foraging sites is negatively related to the rate of body mass compensation. Consequently, we discussed the conservation strategies of wintering birds based on the outcomes of the model.

Concept and Policy Developments on Eco-welfare of National Parks based on Ecosystem Service (생태계서비스 기반 국립공원 생태복지 개념정립 및 정책방향 설정)

  • Park, Eun-ha;Choi, Su-Jung;Oh, Hyeon-Choong;Jung, Boo Hee;Lee, Na-yeon
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.261-270
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    • 2016
  • The concept of Eco-welfare emerged in the process of discovering the relationship between a healthy ecosystem and human wellbeing. The objective of this study is to offer basic data for eco-welfare policy realization by conceptualizing the 'National Park Eco-welfare' since national parks are appropriate places for eco-welfare to be optimally implemented. A pre-workshop and two rounds of Delphi surveys were conducted to determine the concept of the 'National Park Eco-welfare ' and the main elements to be included in ecosystem service. Through this study, the concept of 'National Park Eco-welfare' was defined as efforts to conserve the biodiversity and sustainability of the ecosystem and create harmony between 'National Park Ecosystem Welfare' and 'National Park Human Welfare'. To establish the direction of the National Park Eco-welfare policy, we identified the main elements of ecosystem services which are appropriate for the National Park. These are comprised of 3 elements (food, fresh water and genetic resources) from supply service, all elements from regulating service and supporting/habitat service and 4 elements (aesthetic information, recreation-based ecotourism, healing, and knowledge systems with educational values) from culture service. In this study, the concept of National Park Eco-welfare was established, and its policy objectives and scope were suggested. However, further studies are necessary to develop action plans areand thereby realize the policy.

Review for Evaluation Criteria for the Establishment of Conservation Areas in Korea (한국에서 적용가능한 보전지역 평가기준에 대한 고찰)

  • 신현탁;김용식
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.247-256
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    • 2001
  • The purpose of the present study is to prepare the conservation category to establish the Natural Ecosystem Conservation Area(NECA) in Korea. The authors prepared the conservation category for the NECA based on the previous relevant papers and reports. This draft of conservation category was examined by way of the case study. From this, the possible factors are introduced to prepare the final conservation category that can be applied directly in Korean situation for the conservation of natural areas. The present conservation category was prepared based on the possible data, while some factors of which do not possess the adequate raw data at the moment was removed. According to the reference analyses from the previous conservation categories reported in order to prepare the conservation category in the NECA, a total of 27 factors was assessed; 21 for rarity and 15 fur utility and diversity, 13 far size, for both naturalness and human influence, 13 for typicalness 12 and 10 for fragility. From the literature reviews, the categories which quantitatively assessed was 13: 9 for rarity, 8 far human influence, and 5 for size. From the 27 conservation categories assessed, the factors such as rarity, taxonomic distinctiveness and threat was regarded as applicable to the Korean situation. Furthermore, the criteria such as use could be applied further when this is supported by the augmentative research and field studies.

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Characteristics of Vegetation Structure on the Ridge of the Hannamgeumbuk-Jeongmaek and Geumbuk-Jeongmaek (한남금북·금북정맥 마루금 일대의 식생구조 특성)

  • Kang, Hyun-Mi;Park, Seok-Gon
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.32 no.6
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    • pp.618-638
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    • 2018
  • This study examined the vegetation structure in the ridge of the Hannamgeumbuk-Jeongmaek and Geumbuk-Jeongmaek by selecting 7 sites(2 sites at Hannamgeumbuk-Jeongmaek and 5 sites at Geumbuk-Jeongmaek) in consideration of the environmental conditions and artificial influences and conducting the vegetation survey in the selected sites. The community classification based on TWINSPAN categorized the vegetation at Hannamgeumbuk-Jeongmaek into 8 groups: Quercus variabilis-Q. acutissima community, Pinus densiflora-Q. mongolica community, Pinus densiflora community, P. densiflora-Q. mongolica-Q. variabilis community, P. densiflora-Deciduous oaks community, P. koraiensis community, Q. mongolica-Q. variabilis community, and Larix kaempferi-P. koraiensis community. It also categorized the vegetation at Geumbuk-Jeongmaek into 9 groups: Quercus variabilis community, Deciduous broad-leaved community, Q. mongolica community, Pinus densiflora-Q. mongolica-Q. variabilis community, Q. acutissima community, P. densiflora-Q. acutissima-Q. variabilis community, P. densiflora-Q. mongolica-P. rigida community, P. densiflora-P. thunbergii-Deciduous oaks community, and P. koraiensis community. Two species, Quercus mongolica and Pinus densiflora, which are widely distributed in the ridges of the Jeongmaeks and Baekdudaegan in South Korea, were dominant in many of the surveyed sites. The appearance of planted Castanea crenata in some plots, although not in high population, suggests human intervention in most regions of the Hannamgeumbuk-Jeongmaek and Geumbuk-Jeongmaek in the past. The Gayasan area, which is part of the Geumbuk-Jeongmaek and where the maritime climate and continental climate overlap, showed Pinus thunbergii, reflecting the local climate characteristics.

Spatial Conservation Prioritization Considering Development Impacts and Habitat Suitability of Endangered Species (개발영향과 멸종위기종의 서식적합성을 고려한 보전 우선순위 선정)

  • Mo, Yongwon
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.193-203
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    • 2021
  • As endangered species are gradually increasing due to land development by humans, it is essential to secure sufficient protected areas (PAs) proactively. Therefore, this study checked priority conservation areas to select candidate PAs when considering the impact of land development. We determined the conservation priorities by analyzing four scenarios based on existing conservation areas and reflecting the development impact using MARXAN, the decision-making support software for the conservation plan. The development impact was derived using the developed area ratio, population density, road network system, and traffic volume. The conservation areas of endangered species were derived using the data of the appearance points of birds, mammals, and herptiles from the 3rd National Ecosystem Survey. These two factors were used as input data to map conservation priority areas with the machine learning-based optimization methodology. The result identified many non-PAs areas that were expected to play an important role conserving endangered species. When considering the land development impact, it was found that the areas with priority for conservation were fragmented. Even when both the development impact and existing PAs were considered, the priority was higher in areas from the current PAs because many road developments had already been completed around the current PAs. Therefore, it is necessary to consider areas other than the current PAs to protect endangered species and seek alternative measures to fragmented conservation priority areas.

Cinematic Circulation of Meta-verse and Meta-physics (메타버스와 메타피직스의 영화적 순환)

  • Shim, Kwang-hyun
    • Trans-
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    • v.12
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    • pp.81-106
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    • 2022
  • The possibility of metaverse system to be a catalyst for hyper-connected society will be dependent on the speed of connected technological development and its social utilization in the same manner as AI technology. Putting these technical realization processes in brackets, this paper focus on some philosophical-political issues in connection with cognitive-ecological changes in the future cinema which will be influenced by the complexive techno-socio couples of accelerated development of metaverse system. Generally speaking, essence of metaverse system seems to be the degree of immersion by technical accuracy, but is not true. In perspective of cognitive-ecology, flow degree of a picture or photograph is relied not on 'accuracy of representation' but on its message's contextual link-up. In this aspect, real potentiality of metaverse system shall be understood in the context of cognitive-ecological changes of human brain's multi-intelligence networking abilities(intersection of augmentation-simulation and outside-inside) which will be activated in the new structure of natural-social-technological coupling of metaverse system. These cognitive-ecological potentialities have been partially actualized in the cinematic process of tripod mimesis for the longest time, [real contradiction/conflicts (Mimesis-1) -->fictional solutions of cinema (Mimesis-2) --> selective interpretation of spectator's wish fulfillment (Mimesis-3) --> real change (Mimesis-1')]. Therefore metaverse's real potentiality must be considered to be dependent on the possibility of deepening and extending of cinematic circulation between real seperation/problems and ideal connection/solutions. In this context, advanced metaverse system can be compared as a modern technical version of ideal circulation of physics and metaphysics

Analysis of Soundscape Characteristics of Urban Park Using Acoustic Indices - A Case Study of Namsan Urban Natural Park, Seoul - (음향지수를 활용한 도시공원의 사운드스케이프 특징 분석 - 남산 도시자연공원 사례 연구 -)

  • Byung-Woo Chang;Dong-Wook Ko
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.405-415
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    • 2024
  • The bioacoustics generated in urban parks contribute to the overall sound diversity of a city, creating a harmonious acoustic environment and maintaining the balance of the soundscape. However, due to the rapid urbanization process, the acoustic environment in urban parks is continuously deteriorating due to increased noise. In this study, we present an approach to monitoring the acoustic environment of urban parks by analyzing the soundscape of Namsan Urban Natural Park in Seoul. Acoustic data were collected continuously for one month from August 2021 in four facility districts of the study site using autonomous recording units, and a total of 2,784 hours of sound material were obtained. We also compared soundscape characteristics over time in each district using acoustic indices (ACI, ADI, BI, NDSI) representing soundscape complexity, acoustic diversity, degree of bioacoustics, and anthropogenic disturbance. The results showed that acoustic indices related to bioacoustics varied between districts, but most indices showed similar variation patterns due to the influence of anthropogenic sounds. In particular, regional differences closed during periods of high bird activity but not during periods of high human activity. We suggest that considering both acoustic characteristics and multiple acoustic indices is necessary for managing the soundscape of urban parks. The results of this study are expected to provide essential data for assessing the health of urban ecosystems based on soundscapes and to be used for monitoring the acoustic environment of urban parks.