• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.47
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• pp.191-216
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• 2017

Among 20th century Western ideologies (Western civilization), existentialism is a spirit of the times to restore humanity as rationality and advanced technology have driven mankind to impoverishment and death, experiencing the First and Second World War, Great Depression, Fascism and the Spanish Civil War. In his literature, $Andr{\acute{e}}$ Malraux records his existential agony of how mankind lives and faces death by questioning the fateful life and death of characters. For Malraux's characters, the absurdity of existence related to the human identity means self-examination. Malraux explores existential consciousness and actions of characters in the presence of a concept known as death relative to terror, revolution, and adventure. Malraux deftly addresses the concept of death in his literary works, and it has being emphasized as a central subject for philosophical speculation. In Les $Conqu{\acute{e}}rants$(1928), La Voie Royale(1930), La Condition Humaine (1933), L'Espoir(1937), Malraux suggested a philosophical thesis of the meaning of life through characters in tragic situations, and sought out the consciousness of being and the existential meaning through how the characters control their fate. Malraux, in such a tragic perspective of the world, portrays humanity, affirmation of life, and characters' consciousness and actions in denying death. The agony of death triggers escapist behavior such as having unpredictable instinctual desires such as gambling or smoking opium, but these are desperate struggles to flee from frustration and related to the question of one's existence. What is always emphasized with respect to Malraux's existentialism is the tragic metaphysics of the inevitable destiny of the human condition eventually leading to the question of how humans ultimately confront death. But as characters unite in times of war, revolution and adventure in the novel, such cooperative actions symbolizes a keen sense of solidarity reflecting a camaraderie that transcends individualism. Fellowship among people who voluntarily gather for the common cause of philanthropy and restoring humanity is possible because of the underlying human greatness to sacrifice for such a noble cause. Therefore, Malraux's camaraderie includes the victory of existentialism in creating a world of humanism.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.235-251
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• 2001

According to Chomskyan grammar, humans can generate and understand an unbounded number of grammatical sentences. Against the background of pure and idealized linguistic competence, this linguistic productivity is argued and understood. In actual utterances, however, there are many limitations of productivity but they are said to come from the general constraints on performances such as capacity of short term memory or attention. In this paper I discuss a problem raised against idealized productivity. I argue that linguistic productivity idealizes our linguistic competence too much. By separating idealized competence from the various constraints of performance, Chomskyan theorists can argue for unlimited productivity. However, the absolute distinction between grammar (pure competence) and parser (actual psychological processes) makes little sense when we explain the low acceptability(intelligibility) of center embedded sentences. Usually, the problem of center embedded sentence is explained in terms of memory shortage or other performance constraints. To explain the low acceptability, however, we need to assume specialized memory structure because the low acceptability occurs only with a specific type of syntactic pattern. 1 argue that this special memory structure should not be considered as a general performance constraint. It is a domain specific (specifically linguistic) constraints and an intrinsic part of human language processing. Recent development of Chomskyan grammar, i.e., minimalist approach seems to close the gap between pure competence and this type of specialized constraints. Chomsky's earlier approach of generative grammar focuses on end result of the generative derivation. However, economy principle (of minimalist approach) focuses on actual derivational processes. By having less mathematical or less idealized grammar, we can come closer to the actual computational processes that build syntactic structure of a sentence. In this way, we can have a more concrete picture of our linguistic competence, competence that is not detached from actual computational processes.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

Since human visual system has limited capacity for visual information processing, it should select goal-relevant information for further processing. There have been several studies that emphasized the possible involvement of memory in spatial shift of selective attention (Chun & Jiang, 1998, 1999; Klein, 1988; Klein & MacInnes, 1999). However, other studies suggested the inferiority of human visual memory in change detection(Rensink, O'Regan, & Clark, 1997; Simons & Levin, 1997) and in visual search(Hotowitz & Wolfe, 1998). The present study examined the involvement of memory in visual search; whether memory for the previously searched items guides selective attentional shift or not. We investigated how search works by comparing visual search performances in three different conditions; full exposure condition, partial exposure condition, and partial-to-full exposure condition. Revisiting searched items was allowed only in full exposure condition and not in either partial or partial-to-full exposure condition. The results showed that the efficiencies of attentional shift were nearly identical for all conditions. This finding implies that even in full exposure condition the participants scarcely re-examined the previously searched items. The results suggest that instant memory can be formed and used in visual search process. These results disagree with the earlier studies claiming thar visual search has no memory. We discussed the problems of the previous research paradigms and suggested some alternative accounts.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.187-200
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• 2007

This study look into the 3 stages which is distinguished by the usage of human in Man-Kyeong river. 'A nature based usage stage' is acknowledge the river itself and used only the tributary and built reservoir in a small scale from ancient to 1910s. 'A human based usage stage' is built the large scale reservoir at upper stream area and make the artificial waterway from 1920s. And the main stream is remodeled to protect the flood and get the agricultural land. 'A human and nature integration stage' is the main stream has a role not only the spill way but also clean water for inhabitants does together with river. The role and meaning of river is given newly. The development of technique and increase the need of the human is required the change in the role and meaning of river. The river is natural existence as it is, but the meaning and role is given by the human. Also it accompanied the change of the landscape in neighbor region. The natural river is controled the human life in the past, but it changed to social existence which is given the role and meaning by the human now.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.431-439
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• 2016

Designers are implementing the trial for enhancing human happiness and quality of life. As the happiness factor experienced by each individual is diverse based on human economic growth, absolute design has reached the limitations. A tool to represent the speedy development of change in consumption and problem shooting methods is necessary. Currently, no tool exists that develops in response to changing conditions and subsequent changes. As the solution to this necessity, worm's metamorphosis would be meaningful in design whereby tools exist and necessity as well as solution methods are in advanced change. Rice continues growth following the season, and no single method exists to remove the germs and worms. This study clarified the problems to be resolved by staging the lifetime of rice in 5 stages in environmental changes and conditions. This worm in metamorphosis design is developing brilliantly in biotechnology. However, the environment and conditions that bring happiness to humans do evolve, and this study aims to be the academic research for the design which accordingly replaces the tools.

• 건강소식
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.36-37
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• 2010

죽음 앞에 인간은 한없이 나약해진다. 두려움과 공포, 마지막 희망이 필요한 사람들. 그들의 마지막 여정을 조건 없이 진심으로 보살피고 배려하는 사람들이 있다. 바로 호스피스다. 많은 사람들에게 무료로 희망을 배달하고 있는 서울 모현 가정호스피스, 그곳에 가면 따듯하고 포근한 희망을 만날 수 있다.

• 전기의세계
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.15-17
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• 1974

전자계산기의 이용이 다양화되고 기계와 기계, 기계와 인간사이를 연결하여 자료정보표현 등을 전달하는 통신이 발달해 짐에 따라 이들 이론의 실험을 뒷받침하는 장치의 개발이 필요하게 되었다. 특히 기계의 종류나 용량, 구조의 목적이 다양하게 난립되어 통신망 연결에 많은 문제를 제기하고 있으며 통신망이 복잡할 수 록 그 구성에는 불리한 조건들이 제기되고 있다. 본론에서는 University of Utah에 설치되어 있는 Man-Machine Communication Lab의 구성을 기초로 Interface구성을 논하고저 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.1603-1604
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• 2011

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.3-24
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• 2019

This research examines the constitutional meaning of the right to health through reviewing the decisions of the Constitutional Court and proposed amendment of the Constitution issued by the President. This article further discusses the relationship between the right to a humane livelihood and the right to health. Health is a fundamental freedom and inalienable human right which is a prerequisite to accomplish individual's independent activity and realization of value. Thus, the government is obligated to protect and uphold the right. Article 36(3) of the Constitution delineates the government's duty to protect and fulfill the right to health. Through the interpretation of both Article 36(3) and Article 34 of the Constitution, I suggest that the right to health implies 'the right to social security for health'. The Constitutional Court has narrowly interpreted the scope of the right to a humane livelihood by defining the term as "minimum material living standards". However, it should be interpreted as 'the right to enjoy a healthy and cultural life for human dignity' and setting the level of protection is solely on the discretion of the legislative branch. Ultimately, the judicial review on the right to a humane livelihood connects with the issue of rational control for legislative discretion.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.27
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• pp.85-118
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• 2009

Kim Hang(金恒: Il-Boo 1826-1898) presented that in the end of 19 century The Book of Correct Changes(正易) alternated I-Ching(周易) in Korea. He predicted that the New world would be realized soon. In other words, the Former-Heaven(先天) would be changed in to the After-Heaven(後天). The New world means the highest well-being society and harmonized world. He named the New world as the Yuli world(琉璃世上). The Book of Correct Changes contained the idea of reformation of society with great cosmic changes and taught us to cultivate and train our mind for transformation of human beings. The New world will be come true, and there the struggling will be ceased. The New world will be accompanied by the transformation of human beings. Each person has to persevere changing him(her)-Selfin his(her) efforts to be a holy man. All people will achieve the high spirit. Kim Hang taught us to renew ourself and made the new world where every person will live with Truth and have an equal right and treat others without discrimination.