• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.62-71
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• 2015

KCI 2012 and ACI318-11 contains development length provisions for the use of headed deformed bars in tension and does not allow their tension lap splices. In ACI318-11, the confinement factor, such as transverse reinforcement factor, is not used to calculate the development length of headed bars. The purpose of this experimental study is to evaluate the effect of confinement details to the lap splice performance of headed deformed reinforcing bars in grade SD400 and SD500. The confinement details are stirrups and tie-down bars in lap zone. Test results showed that specimens with only stirrups had the brittle failure and could not increase lap strengths, and that specimens with composite confinements by stirrups and tie-down bars had the flexural strengths over than nominal flexural strengths. Stirrups with tie-down bars can have an effect on improvement in lap splice of headed bars in grade SD400 and SD500.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.59-67
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• 2014

In tension lap splices of straight deformed bars, KCI Code (KCI2012) and ACI Code (ACI318-11) requires that the lap lengths for class B splice are 1.3 times as development length. KCI2012 contains development length provisions for the use of headed deformed bars in tension and does not allow their tension lap splices. The purpose of this experimental study is to evaluate that KCI2012 equation for the development length, $l_{dt}$, of headed bars can be used to calculate the lap length, $l_s$, of headed deformed bars in grade SD400 and SD500, having specified yield strength of 400 and 500 MPa. Test results showed that specimens with $l_s$ equal to $1.3l_{dt}$ had maximum flexural strengths as 1.16~1.31 times as the nominal flexural strengths, flexural failure mode, and ductility. These observations indicate that $1.3l_{dt}$ is suitable to the tensile lap length of headed deformed bars in grade SD400 and SD500.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 1998

This study aims to examine appropriate kinds of pan oil to release a cake from the pan coated with polyether sulphone and to prove the change of acid value and peroxide value during the process of baking. The major factor effecting the rate of release of the cakes from the pan was properties of the oils rather than the additives. The releasing rate appeared higher as the iodine value was lower. The highest releasing rate was found in the sample, which was made of coconut oil plus 2% of wax, 2% of lecithin. The changes of acid value of the pan oil between the beginning and after baking was little different. In contrast, Peroxide value showed a great change after baking.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.41
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• pp.245-273
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of some forms, "거" [kə], "게" [ke], and "걸" [kəl], which originated from a dependent noun "것" [kət]. Nowadays, some studies have argued that these forms are allomorphs of "것" [kət]. However, they are not allomorphs because they do not show a complementary distribution with "것" [kət]. Moreover, we should not deal with "게" [ke] and "걸" [kəl] as at the same level of "것" [kət] and "거" [kə] because they respectively consist of "거" [kə], and the subjective case marker "이" [i] or the accusative case marker "ㄹ" [l]. In other words, they function as an element of a sentence. Therefore, just the "거" [kə] and "걸" [kəl] remain to be argued about concerning variation among them. Especially, the "거" [kə] is almost freely alternated with "것" [kət], whereas even though "걸" [kəl], which is not part of KP (N + case marker), is very restricted so as to appear to be from "거" [kə]. Of course, the restriction they show cannot be under the condition that corresponds to the conception of the alternation. In conclusion, only the "거" [kə] is just an optional variation morph of "것" [kət], whereas "걸" [kəl] is an optional variation morph of "거" [kə]. There is no allomorph of "것" [kət] in the forms originated from itself.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.176-189
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• 2017

Age estimation and sexual dimorphism of Coreoleuciscus splendidus were estimated using otolith, length-frequency distribution and 23 morphological measurements, from 245 individuals collected from September 2016, February and April 2017 in the Gapyeong stream, Han River, Korea. Result of age estimation of C. splendidus, we most examined were 2, 3 and 4-age, and the maximum observed ages were 5-age. Nine out of twenty-three morphometric measurements were significantly different between the genders. Anal fin have showing major sexual dimorphism in particular between adult individuals. This sexual dimorphism was based on extension of anal fin soft rays of male individuals. Therefore anal fin of males is always longer and wider than females. During spawning season male individuals possess nuptial tubercles on anal fin rays. However, another measurements and morphological characters does not exhibit sexual dimorphism in the between male and female individuals. The sexual dimorphism was observed to only over 2-years old individuals with sexual maturity. But juvenile and 1-years old individuals do not have sexual dimorphism with sexual maturity. Peak season of spawning was April to May and they start first spawning at 2-age. The ages at major spawning groups were most 3-age, and they maximum GSI index was 14.91 (female), 8.96 (male) at 5-age, respectively.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.381-386
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• 2002

Background: Bronchial carcinoids account for approximately 2% of all pulmonary tumor and consist of typical carcinoids and atypical carcinoids. An atypical carcinoids is considered to be an intermediate form of tumor between a low-grade malignant typical carcinoid and a high-grade malignant small cell lung carcinoma. There is still controversy with regard to the extent of resection and the value of systemic adjuvant therapy in atypical carcinoids. We performed a retrospective review of our experiences at Severance Hospital. Material and Method: Between 1990 and 2000, 15 patients with bronchial carcioids were operated, and 5 of these had atypical carcinoids. Histologic diagnosis was established un the criteria of WHO/IASLC(1999). Result: There were 3 pneumonectomies, 11 lobectomies, and 1 segmentectomy. In typical carcinoids, one patient had regional lymph node metastasis, and 3 patients in atypical carcinoids had mediastinal lymph node metastases. Distant metastases developed in one patient of typical carcinoid, but developed in 4 patients of atypical carcinoids(p=0.0017). The 5-year survival rate in patients with atypical carcinoids was 20%, versus the 100% 5-year survival rate observed in patients with topical carcinoids(p=0.0039). Conclusion: In atypical carcincids, because of many lymph node metastases on diagnosis and a low long-term survival rate, lobectomy constitutes a mininal procedure. Adjuvant systemic therapy is recommended fur patients with lymph node and distant metastasis.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.640-652
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• 2009

We have performed mPW1PW91 calculations to investigate the conformational characteristics and hydrogen bonds of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene (1), p-tert-butylcalix[5]arene (2), calix[6]arene (3) and p-tertbutylcalix[6]arene (4). The structures of the different conformers of 1-3 were optimized by using mPW1PW91/6-31+G(d,p) method. The relative stability of the four conformers of 1 is in the following order: cone (most stable) > partial-cone > 1,2-alternate > 1,3-alternate. The relative stability of the conformers of 2 is in the following order: cone (most stable) > 1,2-alternate > partial-cone > 1,3-alternate. The relative stability of the various conformers of 3 is in the following order: cone (pinched: most stable) > partial-cone > cone (winged) - 1,2-alternate - 1,2,3-alternate > 1,4-alternate > 1,3-alternate > 1,3,5-alternate. The structures of the various conformers of 4 were optimized by using the mPW1PW91/6-31G(d,p) method followed by single point calculation of mPW1PW91/6-31+G(d,p). The relative stability of the conformers of 4 is in the following order: cone (pinched) > 1,2-alternate > cone (winged) > 1,4-alternate - partial-cone > 1,2,3-alternate > 1,3,5-alternate > 1,3-alternate. The primary factor affecting the relative stabilities of the various conformers of the 1-4 are the number and strength of the intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The hydrogen-bond distances are discussed based on two different calculation methods (B3LYP and mPW1PW91).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.461-467
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• 2021

Among the defect factors that can occur when a wafer-level lens is molded using a thermosetting material, the mold sticking problem of a molded lens during the release process can damage the molded substrate and deform the substrate at the wafer level. An experiment was conducted to examine the factors affecting the demolding force in the lens forming process. The demolding force was examined according to the coating material of the molds. The mold was surface-treated with ITO and Ti, followed by plasma treatment in an O2 atmosphere. A DLC coating was then performed, and the curing and releasability were examined. A coating method for the pull-off experiment was selected based on the results. To measure the demolding force according to the curing process conditions, a method of curing at a constant pressure and a method of curing at a constant position were applied. As a result, the TiO2 surface treatment reduced the release force. When cured by controlling the location, curing shrinkage can reduce the adhesion energy of the interface during curing, resulting in better demolding.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 1997

The objective of this study was to compare the family environment and developmental history of three groups of children classified by their temperament. The parents of 484 Korean children aged between 3 and 7 years completed the Korean version of Parental Temperamental Questionnaire developed by Thomas and Chess and Developmental Questionnaire created by Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center. After clustering these children into 5 temperamental groups according to the method proposed by Fullard et al, 98 Easy, 36 Difficult, and 21 Slow-To-Warm-Up children were included in the analysis. Statistically meaningful differences observed among three groups were as follow：1) Marital conflict of parents was more frequent in Difficult and Slow-To-Warm-Up children than in Easy children. 2) Parentchild conflict was more frequent in Difficult children than in Easy children. 3) Conflict among siblings was more frequent in Difficult children than in Easy children. 4) Average monthly income of family was less in Difficult children than in Easy children. 5) Toilet training was achieved later in Difficult children than in Easy children. 6) Motor development was slower, between 2 and 5 years old, in Slow-To-Warm-Up children than in Easy children. 7) Fear of stranger started earlier in Slow-To-Warm-Up children than in easy children. 8) Physical health was poorer in Difficult and Slow-To-Warm-Up children than in easy children. The findings indicate that Difficult child or Slow-To-Warm-Up child group have unfavorable family environment, different developmental milestone and poorer physical health in comparison with Easy child group.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.96-103
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• 2011

Purpose: Although infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are at risk of developing secondary pulmonary hypertension (PH), which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, little has been reported about the incidence, clinical course and prognosis of PH secondary to BPD in premature infants. This study was done to investigate the incidence, risk factors, clinical course, and the ultimate prognosis of PH developed secondary to BPD in very low birth weight infants (<1,500 g). Methods: Medical records of very low birth weight infant (VLBWI) admitted to Samsung Medical Center NICU from January 2000 to July 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. BPD was defined by Jobe's classification. The diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension was established as velocity of tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR) ${\geq}$3 m/s and a flattening of the intraventricular septum by conducting Doppler echocardiography. Results: The incidence of pulmonary hypertension was 6% in VLBWI with BPD and it developed in moderate to severe BPD. The diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension was made on postnatal 133 days (range 40-224 days) and the risk factors related to developing pulmonary hypertension were severe BPD, small for gestational age and outborn infants. The mortality rate was 57% and especially higher in severe BPD (70%). The time to recovery spent 3 months (range 1-10 months) in survived patients. Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, pulmonary hypertension secondary to BPD in VLBWI related to severity of BPD and had a poor prognosis. We expect that regular long-term echocardiography may be helpful in treating reversible in VLBWI with moderate to severe BPD.