• Title/Summary/Keyword: 이차 데이터 분석

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TGF-β1 Expression by Proliferated Keratinocytes in the Skin of E-Irradiated Mice (E-ray를 조사한 쥐의 피부에서 증식된 keratinocyte에 의한 TGF-β1 발현)

  • Yoon, A-Ran;Kim, Do-Nyun;Seo, Min-Koo;Oh, Sang-Taek;Seo, Jung-Seon;Jun, Se-Mo;Cha, Jung-Ho;Lee, Seung-Deok;Lee, Suk-Kyeong
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.133-141
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    • 2012
  • In this study, we established a radiodermatitis animal model and investigated the change in immune cell proportions in the secondary lymphoid organs. The cells responsible for the increased transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ (TGF-${\beta}1$) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) production in the lesions following irradiation were also investigated. The radiodermatitis model was constructed by locally exposing the posterior dorsal region of hairless-1 (HR-1) mice to 10 Gy electron (E)-ray/day for six consecutive days. The change in immune cell proportions was analyzed by FACS. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to detect the expression of cytokines and cell-specific markers in the skin. The proportions of antigen-presenting cells, T cells, and B cells in the lymph nodes and spleen were affected by E-irradiation. After irradiation, TGF-${\beta}1$ and IL-17 were co-localized in the papillary region of the dermis with keratin-14 (K-14)-positive cells rather than with regulatory T cells (Treg). IL-10 was not co-stained with Treg, T helper 17 (Th17) cells, dendritic cells, or macrophages. Our data indicate that TGF-${\beta}1$ is over-expressed mainly by proliferated keratinocytes in the lesions of a radiodermatitis animal model.

Study on 3D Printer Suitable for Character Merchandise Production Training (캐릭터 상품 제작 교육에 적합한 3D프린터 연구)

  • Kwon, Dong-Hyun
    • Cartoon and Animation Studies
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    • s.41
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    • pp.455-486
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    • 2015
  • The 3D printing technology, which started from the patent registration in 1986, was a technology that did not attract attention other than from some companies, due to the lack of awareness at the time. However, today, as expiring patents are appearing after the passage of 20 years, the price of 3D printers have decreased to the level of allowing purchase by individuals and the technology is attracting attention from industries, in addition to the general public, such as by naturally accepting 3D and to share 3D data, based on the generalization of online information exchange and improvement of computer performance. The production capability of 3D printers, which is based on digital data enabling digital transmission and revision and supplementation or production manufacturing not requiring molding, may provide a groundbreaking change to the process of manufacturing, and may attain the same effect in the character merchandise sector. Using a 3D printer is becoming a necessity in various figure merchandise productions which are in the forefront of the kidult culture that is recently gaining attention, and when predicting the demand by the industrial sites related to such character merchandise and when considering the more inexpensive price due to the expiration of patents and sharing of technology, expanding opportunities and sectors of employment and cultivating manpower that are able to engage in further creative work seems as a must, by introducing education courses cultivating manpower that can utilize 3D printers at the education field. However, there are limits in the information that can be obtained when seeking to introduce 3D printers in school education. Because the press or information media only mentions general information, such as the growth of the industrial size or prosperous future value of 3D printers, the research level of the academic world also remains at the level of organizing contents in an introductory level, such as by analyzing data on industrial size, analyzing the applicable scope in the industry, or introducing the printing technology. Such lack of information gives rise to problems at the education site. There would be no choice but to incur temporal and opportunity expenses, since the technology would only be able to be used after going through trials and errors, by first introducing the technology without examining the actual information, such as through comparing the strengths and weaknesses. In particular, if an expensive equipment introduced does not suit the features of school education, the loss costs would be significant. This research targeted general users without a technology-related basis, instead of specialists. By comparing the strengths and weaknesses and analyzing the problems and matters requiring notice upon use, pursuant to the representative technologies, instead of merely introducing the 3D printer technology as had been done previously, this research sought to explain the types of features that a 3D printer should have, in particular, when required in education relating to the development of figure merchandise as an optional cultural contents at cartoon-related departments, and sought to provide information that can be of practical help when seeking to provide education using 3D printers in the future. In the main body, the technologies were explained by making a classification based on a new perspective, such as the buttress method, types of materials, two-dimensional printing method, and three-dimensional printing method. The reason for selecting such different classification method was to easily allow mutual comparison of the practical problems upon use. In conclusion, the most suitable 3D printer was selected as the printer in the FDM method, which is comparatively cheap and requires low repair and maintenance cost and low materials expenses, although rather insufficient in the quality of outputs, and a recommendation was made, in addition, to select an entity that is supportive in providing technical support.

Factors Influencing Pain Medication Preference for Breakthrough Cancer Patients and Their Application to Treatments: Survey on Physicians (돌발성 암성 통증 약물 선택 요인과 사용 경험: 의사 대상 설문조사)

  • Shin, Jinyoung;Shim, Jae Yong;Seo, Min Seok;Kim, Do Yeun;Lee, Juneyoung;Hwang, In Gyu;Baek, Sun Kyung;Choi, Youn Seon
    • Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.9-13
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the factors influencing the rescue medication decisions for breakthrough cancer patients and evaluate treatments using the factors. Methods: Based on the results of an online survey conducted by the Korean Society of Hospice and Palliative Care from September 2014 through December 2014, we assessed the level of agreement on nine factors influencing rescue medication preference. The same factors were used to evaluate oral transmucosal fentanyl lozenge, oral oxycodone and intravenous morphine. Results: Agreed by 77 physicians, a rapid onset of action was the most important factor for their decision of rescue medication. Other important factors were easy administration, strong efficacy, predictable efficacy and less adverse effects. Participants agreed that intravenous morphine produced a rapid onset of action and strong and predictable efficacy and cited difficulty of administration and adverse effects as negative factors. Oral oxycodone was desirable in terms of easy administration and less adverse effects. However, its onset of action was slower than intravenous morphine. While many agreed to easy administration of oral transmucosal fentanyl lozenge, the level of agreement was low for strength and predictability of its efficacy, long-term durability and sleep improvement. Conclusion: Rapid onset of action is one of the important factors that influence physicians' selection of rescue medication. Physicians' assessment of rescue medication differed by medication.

Adsorptive Removal of Radionuclide Cs+ in Water using Acid Active Clay (산활성 점토를 이용한 수중의 방사성 핵종 Cs+ 흡착 제거)

  • Lee, Jae Sung;Kim, Su Jin;Kim, Ye Eun;Kim, Seong Yun;Kim, Eun;Ryoo, Keon Sang
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.66 no.2
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    • pp.78-85
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    • 2022
  • Natural white clay was treated with 6 M of H2SO4 and heated at 80℃ for 6 h under mechanical stirring and the resulting acid active clay was used as an adsorbent for the removal of Cs+ in water. The physicochemical changes of natural white clay and acid active clay were observed by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF), BET Surface Area Analyser and Energy Dispersive X-line Spectrometer (EDX). While activating natural white clay with acid, the part of Al2O3, CaO, MgO, SO3 and Fe2O3 was dissolved firstly from the crystal lattice, which bring about the increase in the specific surface area and the pore volume as well as active sites. The specific surface area and the pore volume of acid active clay were roughly twice as high compared with natural white clay. The adsorption of Cs+ on acid active clay was increased rapidly within 1 min and reached equilibrium at 60 min. At 25 mg L- of Cs+ concentration, 96.88% of adsorption capacity was accomplished by acid active clay. The adsorption data of Cs+ were fitted to the adsorption isotherm and kinetic models. It was found that Langmuir isotherm was described well to the adsorption behavior of Cs+ on acid active clay rather than Freundlich isotherm. For adsorption Cs+ on acid active clay, the Langmuir isotherm coefficients, Q, was found to be 10.52 mg g-1. In acid active clay/water system, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was more suitable for adsorption of Cs+ than the pseudo-first-order kinetic model owing to the higher correlation coefficient R2 and the more proximity value of the experimental value qe,exp and the calculated value qe,cal. The overall results of study showed that acid active clay could be used as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Cs+ from water.

Study on Adsorption of PO43--P in Water using Activated Clay (활성 백토를 이용한 수중의 인산성 인(PO43--P) 흡착에 관한 연구)

  • Hwang, Ji Young;Jin, Ye Ji;Ryoo, Keon Sang
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.65 no.3
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    • pp.197-202
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    • 2021
  • In this study, activated clay treated with H2SO4 (20% by weight) and heat at 90 ℃ for 8 h for acid white soil was used as an adsorbent for the removal of PO43--P in water. Prior to the adsorption experiment, the characteristics of activated clay was examined by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF) and BET surface area analyser. The adsorption of PO43--P on activated clay was steeply increased within 0.25 h and reached equilibrium at 4 h. At 5 mg/L of low PO43--P concentration, roughly 98% of adsorption efficiency was accomplished by activated clay. The adsorption data of PO43--P were introduced to the adsorption isotherm and kinetic models. It was seen that both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were applied well to describe the adsorption behavior of PO43--P on activated clay. For adsorption PO43--P on activated clay, the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm coefficients, KF and Q, were found to be 8.3 and 20.0 mg/g, respectively. The pseudo-second-order kinetics model was more suitable for adsorption of PO43--P in water/activated clay system owing to the higher correlation coefficient R2 and the more proximity value of the experimental value qe,exp and the calculated value qe,cal than the pseudo-first-order kinetics model. The results of study indicate that activated clay could be used as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of PO43-P from water.