• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.315-323
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• 2000

Serious consequences can arise from lack of hygiene in mass catering. Microbiological testing is of value in determining hazards for developing a HACCP plan, and in demonstrating to food handlers the reality of the microbial risk. This studies was performed to describe the overall hygiene of cooking utensils and equipments, employees, and environment in mass catering establishments. Generally, hygienic conditions of cutting board and sanitized dish cloth were better than those of other cooking utensils such as knife, sieve, and peeler. It was found that the cross-contamination of knife might be caused by the use of contaminated sanitizing solution. It was observed that there was considerable variation (10$^1$~10$^{5}$ CFU) of the number of general bacteria for employee's hands. The number of general bacteria were influenced from establishment, employee, and the period of analysis. The number of Coliform group for employee's hands was in the range of 10$^2$~10$^4$CFU only at the first analysis. Total aerial bacteria in working area of mass catering establishments was below 7 CFU/Plate and aerial Staphylococcus sp. was not detected at all except one spot.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.297-312
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• 2005

Aggregation is an operation that plays a key role in multidimensional OLAP (MOLAP) systems of data warehouse. Existing aggregation operations in MOLAP have been proposed for file structures such as multidimensional arrays. These tile structures do not work well with skewed distributions. This paper presents a physical design methodology for storage structures ni MOLAP that use the multidimensional tile organizations adapting to a skewed distribution. In uniform data distribution, we first show that the performance of multidimensional analytical processing is highly affected by the similarity of the shapes between query regions and page regions in the domain space of the multidimensional file organizations. And than, in skewed distributions, we reflect the effect of data distributions on the design by using the shapes of the normalized query regions that are weighted with data density of those query regions. Finally, we demonstrate that the physical design methodology theoretically derived is indeed correct in real environments. In the two-dimensional file organizations, the results of experiments indicate that the performance of the proposed method is enhanced by more than seven times over the conventional method. We expect that the performance will be more enhanced when the dimensionality is more than two. The result confirms that the proposed physical design methodology is useful in a practical way.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.104-110
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• 2015

We analyzed the effects of various LED light treatments (red 655 nm, blue 456 nm, white and mixed light) on growth pattern, gene expression and flavonoid contents in lettuce leaf. Plants treated with mixed light (red+blue+white) showed better growth performance than those treated with single LED and fluorescent lamp (FL). Expression analysis of the eight genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in plants treated with LED light was examined. Results showed that red lettuce grown under mixed light showed high expression levels of LsC4H, LsF3H and LsDRF genes. Morever, the same treatment plants possessed higher content of gallic acid, chlorogenic acid and quercetin contents than those in plants exposed to single light. However, the highest total anthocyanin content was identified in plants treated with red+blue light and the lowest content was identified in plants exposed to white fluorescent lamp and single LED light condition. Thus, this study indicates that the ratio of blue to red LEDs is important for the morphology, growth, and phenolic compounds with anthocyanin properties in the two lettuce cultivars tested.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.411-424
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• 2011

The studies of congruence in organizational research have explored the concepts such as person-job fit person-organization fit, or person-environment fit. The relevant studies dealt with the fit level as an important influencing factor on the performance. In particular, researchers have agreed that employees can be motivated by the high level fit of person-organization. However, few research developing an alternative methodological approach has been done. For the purpose mentioned above the statistics like D, |D| or $D^2$ and the Q values such as Q(the correlation between two sets of interval measures) or $Q_r$(the correlation between two rankings) have been conventionally adopted in spite of numerous methodological problems. In general, these traditional indices such as difference scores, or Q values, are nondirectional and add an extra weight to differences of lager magnitude. Therefore, Edwards (1993) introduced the polynomial regression and the response surface analysis to overcome flaws with conventional approaches. However, the method-ological approaches did not reflect the profile characteristics of person-organizational value fit and wouldn't be a proper solution for the fit level of person-organization value maximizing performance. Hence, this paper investigates alternative methodological approaches, the multivariate polynomial regression and the multiple response surface analysis, to avoid the problems issued from conventional ways.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.275-283
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• 2018

Helicobacter pylori is a causative organism of various gastrointestinal diseases, including chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, or gastric adenocarcinoma. Pathogenic factors, such as cytotoxin-associated protein A (CagA) and vacuolating cytotoxic protein A (VacA), play a role. This study analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively the effects of zerumbone on the changes in the protein expression levels of various H. pylori proteins, including CagA and VacA. Approximately 200 significant proteins were screened for the H. pylori 60190 (VacA positive / CagA positive; Eastern type) strain, and proteomic analysis was performed on 13 protein molecules that were clinically significant. After two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), $ImageMaster^{TM}$ 2-DE Platinum software was used for quantitative measurements of protein spots. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used for protein identification. After intensive analysis of the proteins that showed significant changes, a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed as required to verify the results. In this study, the significance of zerumbone as a therapeutic agent for H. pylori infection was examined by screening a new pharmacological activity mechanism of zerumbone.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.370-379
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to estimate the longitudinal changes in the academic achievement of Korean adolescents who transition from elementary to middle school and examine the individual and social factors of the changes using piecewise growth modeling. For this study, the Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study (MAPS) data from 1st to 6th waves (4th-9th grade) were used. The results are as follows. First, the results showed that the piecewise growth function was the most appropriate method to explain changes in the academic achievement of Korean adolescents with respect to the time of vacation. Second, adolescents' academic achievement declined constantly and was greater for middle school students. Third, parental efficacy, self-esteem, and support from friends had a significant positive effect, while uninvolved parenting and acculturation stress had a significant negative effect on the initial value of academic achievement. Self-esteem and support from friends in the 4th grade prohibit its decline in the first change rate of academic achievements. Meanwhile, acculturation stress for 4th-grade students accelerates the decline of academic achievement.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.121-129
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• 2012

Any development plan of a Korean space-based navigational system has been neither designed nor introduced yet. However, the demand for the development of a domestic regional satellite navigation system can be originated from the outside of market. The growing dependency on satellite navigational systems in Korea eventually requires the retainment and the operation of a domestic navigational satellite system. There is not many choices on the orbit designs and the system design concepts of a regional augmented navigation satellite system or a regional navigation satellite system for the service on the vicinity of the Korean peninsular. Space situational awareness (SSA) has been a rising issue for both national security and more realistic space business in Korea. Also SSA related technologies in Korea is a newly inaugurated area and is necessary to generate a navigation messages and maintain a future Korean navigation satellite system. In this study, the availability of Japanese Quasi Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) expected to be deployed definitely sooner than Korean counter-part is analyzed. The availability of the similar configured system over Korea is investigated with assumed QZSS type orbit. Also, feasible configuration of orbits for domestic navigation satellite system is suggested. And the observability of a ground-based optical tracking system as a secondary tracking capability is analyzed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.351-359
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the factors that affect the length of stay in hospital for schizophrenic patients. Of the data from the in-depth injury patient surveillance system, the final subject included 2,239 patients with schizophrenia in their final diagnosis. Using SPSS 18.0, a hierarchical regression analysis was performed by sequentially entering the explanatory variables by setting sociodemographic characteristics, discharge characteristics and hospital characteristics as explanatory variables and the length of stay in hospital as a dependent variable. The findings showed that the sociodemographic characteristics had the highest explanatory power and the explanatory power changed when the explanatory variable of the hospital characteristics was added, as opposed to the discharge characteristics. Male, type-1 medicaid, Chungcheong-do and the number of beds were found to be the factors that mostly affect the length of stay. Since this study used the secondary data, it has a limitation in terms of additional variables that could better explain the length of stay for schizophrenic patients. Nevertheless, it has an implication in that it investigated a large scale of data on a national level. For the effort of reducing the length of stay, it is suggested that an effort should be made at the national level, by focusing more on the hospital characteristics as well as the individual characteristics of patients.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1244-1254
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• 2015

Naturalized plants were identified and recorded in Busan city based on field surveys and related literature. These plants consisted of 156 taxa in total, belonging to 31 families, 95 genera, 147 species, and 9 varieties. The Compositae had the highest diversity among 31 families, with 44 taxa, followed by Gramineae, with 24 taxa, and Leguminosae, with 10 taxa Among the plants, 68.6% (107 taxa) were annuals and biennials, and 30.1% (47 taxa) were perennials. There was one shrub (Amorpha fruticosa) and one tree (Robinia pseudoacacia). Naturalized degree 5 plants, as common and abundant plant, founded 26 taxa (96.3%) were most highly ratio from Korean naturalized plants. According to the results of the analysis based on place of origin, 50 (32.1%) taxa were from Europe, and 48 (30.8%) taxa were from North America. Epecophyten was the most common of the naturalized plants, with 123 taxa Sixty-six (42.3%) taxa were introduced during period 1, and 15 (9.6%) were introduced during period 4. Ergasiophygophyten (50.6%) and Kenophyten (32.1%) were the dominant plants in these introduction periods. In conclusion, Busan city acts as a conduit for the introduction of naturalized plants. A sustainable management and monitoring strategy may be needed to prevent the introduction and naturalization of plants.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.136-147
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• 2004

In this study, the characteristics of magnetotelluric (MT) responses due to a three-dimensional (3-D) body are analyzed with 3-D numerical modeling. The first model for the analysis consists of a single isolated conductive body embedded in a resistive homogeneous half-space. The second model has an additional conductive overburden while the other conditions remain the same as the first one. The analysis of apparent resistivities shows well that the 3-D effects are dominant over some frequency range for the first model. Two mechanisms, current channeling and induction, for secondary electric fields due to the conductive body are analyzed at various frequencies: at high frequencies induction is more dominant than channeling, while at low frequencies channeling is more dominant than induction. Tippers have a strong relation to the position of anomalous body and the real and imaginary parts of induction vector also indicate the position of anomalous body. off-line conductive anomaly sometimes causes severe problem in 2-D interpretation. In such case, induction vector analysis can give information on the existence and location of the anomalous body. Each parameter of the second model shows similar responses as those of the first model. The only difference is that the magnitude of all parameters is decreased and that the domain showing the 3-D effects becomes narrower. As shown in this study, the analysis of 3-D effects provides a useful and effective means to understand the 3-D subsurface structure and to interpret MT survey data.