• Title/Summary/Keyword: 이진 코드

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Algorithm of Decoding the Base 256 mode in Two-Dimensional Data Matrix Barcode (이차원 Data Matrix 바코드에서 Base 256 모드의 디코딩 알고리즘)

  • Han, Hee June;Lee, Hyo Chang;Lee, Jong Yun
    • Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.27-33
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    • 2013
  • Conventional bar code has the appearance of line bars and spaces, called as one-dimensional bar code. In contrast, the information in two-dimensional bar code is represented by either a small, rectangular or square with the types of mosaic and Braille. The two-dimensional bar code is much more efficient than one-dimensional bar code because it can allow to store and express large amounts of data in a small space and so far there is also a little information about decoding the Data Matrix in base 256 mode. According to the ISO international standards, there are four kinds of bar code: QR code, Data Matrix, PDF417, and Maxi code. In this paper, among them, we focus on describing the basic concepts of Data Matrix in base 256 mode, how to encode and decode them, and how to organize them in detail. In addition, Data Matrix can be organized efficiently depending on the modes of numeric, alphanumeric characters, and binary system and expecially, we focus on describing how to decode the Data Matrix code by four modes.

A Study on Relation of Needle-Nozzle Flow of Piezo-driven Injector by using Eulerian-Lagrangian Multi-phase Method (Eulerian-Lagrangian 다상 유동해석법에 의한 피에조인젝터의 니들-노즐유동 상관성 연구)

  • Lee, Jin-Wook;Min, Kyoung-Doug
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.108-114
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    • 2010
  • The injection nozzle of an electro-hydraulic injector is being opened and closed by movement of a injector's needle which is balanced by pressure at the nozzle seat and at the needle control chamber, at the opposite end of the needle. In this study, the effects of needle movement in a piezo-driven injector on unsteady cavitating flows behavior inside nozzle were investigated by cavitation numerical model based on the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach. Aimed at simulating the 3-D two-phase flow behavior, the three dimensional geometry model along the central cross-section regarding of one injection hole with real design data of a piezo-driven diesel injector has been used to simulate the cavitating flows for injection time by at fully transient simulation with cavitation model. The cavitation model incorporates many of the fundamental physical processes assumed to take place in cavitating flows. The simulations performed were both fully transient and 'pseudo' steady state, even if under steady state boundary conditions. As this research results, we found that it could analyze the effect the pressure drop to the sudden acceleration of fuel, which is due to the fastest response of needle, on the degree of cavitation existed in piezo-driven injector nozzle.

A Techniques for Information Hiding in the Steganography using LSB and Genetic Algorithm (유전적 알고리즘과 LSB를 이용한 스테가노그래피의 정보은닉 기법)

  • Ji, Seon-Su
    • The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.277-282
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    • 2018
  • The goal of the secret message communication on the internet is to maintain invisibility and confidentiality. Digital steganography is a technique in which a secret message is inserted in a cover medium and transmitted to a destination so that a third party can not perceive the existence of the message itself. Steganography is an efficient method for ensuring confidentiality and integrity together with encryption techniques. In order to insert a secret (Hangul) message, I propose a image steganography method that the secret character is separated and converted into binary code with reference to the encryption table, the cover image is divided into two areas, and the secret message and the right l-LSB information of the second area are encrypted and crossed, concealing the k-LSB of the first region. The experimental results of the proposed method show that the PSNR value is 52.62 and the acceptable image quality level.

A 3 V 12b 100 MS/s CMOS DAC for High-Speed Communication System Applications (고속통신 시스템 응용을 위한 3 V 12b 100 MS/s CMOS D/A 변환기)

  • 배현희;이명진;신은석;이승훈;김영록
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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    • v.40 no.9
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    • pp.685-691
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    • 2003
  • This work describes a 3 V 12b 100 MS/s CMOS digital-to-analog converter (DAC) for high-speed communication system applications. The proposed DAC is composed of a unit current-cell matrix for 8 MSBs and a binary-weighted array for 4 LSBs, considering linearity, power consumption, chip area, and glitch energy. The low-glitch switch driving circuit is employed to improve the linearity and the dynamic performance. Current sources of the DAC are laid out separately from the current-cell switch matrix core. The prototype DAC is implemented in a 0.35 urn n-well single-poly quad-metal CMOS technology. The measured DNL and INL of the prototype DAC are within $\pm$0.75 LSB and $\pm$1.73 LSB, respectively, and the spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) is 64 dB at 100 MS/s with a 10 MHz input sinewave. The DAC dissipates 91 mW at 3 V and occupies the active die area of 2.2 mm ${\times}$ 2.0 mm.

Blade Shape Optimization of Wind Turbines Using Genetic Algorithms and Pattern Search Method (유전자 알고리즘 및 패턴 서치 방법을 이용한 풍력 터빈 블레이드의 형상 최적화)

  • Yi, Jin-Hak;Sale, Danny
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.32 no.6A
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    • pp.369-378
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    • 2012
  • In this study, direct-search based optimization methods are applied for blade shape optimization of wind turbines and the optimization performances of several methods including conventional genetic algorithm, micro genetic algorithm and pattern search method are compared to propose a more efficient method. For this purpose, the currently available version of HARP_Opt (Horizontal Axis Rotor Performance Optimizer) code is enhanced to rationally evaluate the annual energy production value according to control strategies and to optimize the blade shape using pattern search method as well as genetic algorithm. The enhanced HARP_Opt code is applied to obtain the optimal turbine blade shape for 1MW class wind turbines. The results from pattern search method are compared with the results from conventional genetic algorithm and also micro genetic algorithm and it is found that the pattern search method has a better performance in achieving higher annual energy production and consistent optimal shapes and the micro genetic algorithm is better for reducing the calculation time.

Common Data Model for Network Analysis Applications of K-EMS (K-EMS 계통해석 어플리케이션을 위한 공통 데이터 모델 구축)

  • Yun, S.Y.;Cho, Y.S.;Lee, U.H.;Sohn, J.M.;Nam, Y.W.;Lee, J.;Kim, H.R.;Kim, B.H.;Kim, S.G.;Hur, S.I.;Lee, H.S.;Shin, M.C.;Min, K.I.;Choi, Y.J.
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2008.07a
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    • pp.75-76
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    • 2008
  • 본 논문에서는 한국형 에너지 관리 시스템의 계통 해석용 프로그램을 위한 공통 데이터 모델의 구축에 대해 다루었다. 공통 데이터 모델이란 다양한 어플리케이션이 공유하여 사용할 수 있는 계통 모델의 데이터베이스를 가리키며 본 논문에서는 토폴로지 프로세서(topology processor, TP), 상태추정(state estimator, SE), 급전원 조류계산(dispatcher power flow, DPF), 휴전계획(outage scheduler, OS), 부하 분포계수(bus load distribution factor, BLDF), 송전 손실 민감도 계수(transmission loss sensitivity factor, TLSF) 등을 위한 공통 모델에 대해 다루었다. 공통 모델의 구축을 위해 각 어플리케이션에서 필요한 정보를 수집하여 전력계통의 토폴로지 구조과 계통 설비를 모델링 하였다. 최종적으로 계층적(hierarchy) 구조와 비계층적(non-hierarchy) 구조로 나뉘어진 직접(direct) 및 간접(indirect) 인덱스 코드를 사용하여 데이터로의 빠른 접근이 가능한 실시간 데이터베이스 형태를 제시하였다.

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Call Admission Control in ATM by Neural Networks and Fuzzy Pattern Estimator (신경망과 퍼지 패턴 추정기를 이용한 ATM의 호 수락 제어)

  • Lee, Jin-Lee
    • The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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    • v.6 no.8
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    • pp.2188-2195
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    • 1999
  • This paper proposes a new call admission control scheme utilizing an inverse fuzzy vector quantizer(IFVQ) and neuralnet, which combines benefits of IFVQ and flexibilities of FCM(Fuzzy-C-Means) arithmetics, to decide whether a requested call not to be trained in learning phase to be connected or not. The system generates the estimated traffic pattern for the cell stream of a new call, using feasible/infeasible patterns in codebook, fuzzy membership values that represent the degree to which each pattern of codebook matches input pattern, and FCM arithmetics. The input to the NN is the vector consisted of traffic parameters which are the means and variances of the number of cells arriving in decision as to whether to accept or reject a new call depends on whether the NN is used for decision threshold(+0.5). This method is a new technique for call admission control using the membership values as traffic parameter which declared to CAC at the call set up stage, and this is valid for a very general traffic model in which the calls of a stream can belong to an unlimited number of traffic classes. Through the simulations, it is founded the performance of the suggested method outperforms compared to the conventional NN method.

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Effect of Processing Gain on the Iterative Decoding for a Recursive Single Parity Check Product Code (재귀적 SPCPC에 반복적 복호법을 적용할 때 처리 이득이 성능에 미치는 영향)

  • Chon, Su-Won;Kim, Yong-Cheol
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.35 no.9C
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    • pp.721-728
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    • 2010
  • CAMC (constant amplitude multi-code) has a better performance of error correction in iterative decoding than SPCPC (single parity check product code). CAMC benefits from a processing gain since it belongs to a spread spectrum signal. We show that the processing gain enhances the performance of CAMC. Additional correction of bit errors is achieved in the de-spreading of iteratively decoded signal. If the number of errors which survived the iterative decoding is less than or equal to ($\sqrt{N}/2-1$), all of the bit errors are removed after the de-spreading. We also propose a stopping criterion in the iterative decoding, which is based on the histogram of EI (extrinsic information). The initial values of EI are randomly distributed, and then they converge to ($-E_{max}$) or ($+E_{max}$) over the iterations. The strength of the convergence reflects how successfully error correction process is performed. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a gain of 0.2 dB in Eb/No.

Evaluation of Pressure-Temperature Limit Curve for the Safe Operation of an RFV based on 3-D Finite Element Analyses (유한요소해석을 이용한 원자로용기 압력-온도 한계곡선의 평가)

  • Lee, Taek-Jin;Park, Yun-Won;Lee, Jin-Ho;Choe, Jae-Bung;Kim, Yeong-Jin
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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    • v.25 no.10
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    • pp.1567-1574
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    • 2001
  • In order to operate an RPV safely it is necessary to keep the pressure-temperature (P-T) limit during the heatup and cooldown process. While the ASME Code provides the P-T limit curve for safe operation, this limit curve has been prepared under conservative assumptions In this paper the effects of conservative assumptions involved in the P-T limit curve specified in the ASME Code Sec. XI were investigated. Three different parameters the crack depth the cladding thickness and the cooling rate, were reviewed based on 3-D finite element analyses. Also the constraint effect on P-T limit curve generation was investigated based on J- T approach. It was shown that the crack depth and the constraint effect change the safe region in P-T limit curve significantly Therefore it is recommended to prepare a more precise P-T limit curve based on finite element analysis to obtain P-T limit for safe operation of an RPV.

Analysis of Hydraulic Characteristics of Two Solenoid-driven Injectors for CRDi System (2개 솔레노이드 구동방식별 CRDi용 인젝터의 유압 동특성 해석)

  • Lee, Jin-Wook;Lee, Jung-Hyup;Kim, Min-Sik
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.140-147
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    • 2011
  • The injection nozzle of an electro-hydraulic injector for the common rail Diesel fuel injection system is being opened and closed by movement of a injector's needle which is balanced by pressure at the nozzle seat and at the needle control chamber, at the opposite end of the needle. In this study, the slenoid actuator was considered as a prime movers in high pressure Diesel injector. Namely a solenoid-driven Diesel injector with different driving current types, as a general method driven by solenoid coil energy, has been applied with a purpose to develop the analysis model of the solenoid actuator to predict the dynamics characteristics of the hydraulic component (injector) by using the AMESim code. Aimed at simulating the hydraulic behavior of the solenoid-driven injector, the circuit model has been developed as a unified approach to mechanical modeling in this study. As this analytic results, we know the suction force and first order time lag for driving force can be endowed in solenoid-driven injector in controlling the injection rate. Also it can predict that the input current wave exerted on solenoid coil is the dominant factor which affects on the initial needle behavior of solenoid-driven injector than the hydraulic force generated by the constant injection pressure.