• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.161-167
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• 2021

This study was conducted to identify the relationship between the dual task performance and driving behavior of the elderly driver in order to identify whether the dual task can be utilized as a test to screen the driving ability of the elderly driver. We surveyed general information and driving-related information for 32 normal elderly drivers, and evaluated Y-DuCog(Yonsei-Dual task Cognitive screening) and the K-DBQ (Korean-Driving Behavior Questionnaire). As a result of the study, the performance of the dual task using the pegboard task and the animal name speaking showed a significant correlation with the score of the violation domain of K-DBQ. With this study, it was possible to confirm the possibility as a test for discrimination of driving ability.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.216-225
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• 2020

This study was conducted to qualitatively analyze the selected research through a systematic review to find out application method, outcome measures, and intervention effects of dual task. We searched for published studies from January 2010 to December 2019. Electrical database were PubMed and ProQuest. Search terms were 'dual task' OR 'multi modal' AND 'mild cognitive impairment' OR 'dementia' OR 'Alzheimer's disease'AND 'intervention' OR 'rehabilitation. There were 8 studies selected finally. The dual task was applied not as a single intervention but as a combined intervention with other exercises. The contents of dual task were consisted of motor and cognitive tasks to be independent each other. The outcome measures included general cognitive function such as MMSE and CERAD, executive function, and memory. Additionally the dual task cost was also used to identify the direct improvement of the dual task. This study could provide informations of dual task application on elderly with cognitive impairment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.3555-3562
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dual task training on postural stability and balance in chronic stroke patients. A total of 25 ambulatory hemiplegic stroke patients were recruited into this study and randomly assigned into two groups, the dual task training group (n=13) and control group (n=12). Both groups received general physical therapy for 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week during 6 weeks. In addition, dual task training group received dual task training programs for 50 minutes a day, 3 days a week during 6 weeks. The scores of Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (PASS) and postural sway with eye opened and eye closed on the Force Plate were assessed before and after intervention. Postural stability and balance significantly improved after training in the dual task training group(p<0.05). The result suggests that dual task training is feasible and suitable for individual with chronic stroke.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2016

Objective : To investigate the current international researches which identify the effect of stroke with hemiplegia after dual-task training Methods : We systematically examined journals published from 2007 to 2015, searching PubMed. Total 5 researches were selected for the analyses. Results : Selected studies were all in international journal and they used two group experimental design. In addition, all the paper got PEDro scores above 6. They conducted gait task for motor task, at the same time used various domain of cognitive task such as from sustain attention to working memory. The outcome measure tools used for evaluation by the standardized assessment tool and operational definition, further also included the assessment tool designed for the dual-task training such as a variety of tools make possible to assess various aspects of effect. Discussion : Dual-task training in this study was found to give a positive effect on the dual-task performance, as well as improving the motor and cognitive function in patients with stroke. However there were also limitation to the studies conducted so far. In order to apply the occupational therapy, this results can consider as the preliminary data which suggest supplement point and can be a evidence for effective treatment for stroke with hemiplegia.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.69-81
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to develop a Yonsei dual task cognitive screening test (Y-DuCog) for the elderly. Methods : The reliability and validity test of Y-DuCog (Yonsei Dual Task Cognitive Screening Test) was developed by 229 elderly people aged over 60 years from community organizations at Gyeonggi-do and Chungcheong-do from May 2019 to August 2019. In addition, the criteria for classifying elderly with cognitive impairment were presented. Results : The correlation analysis between MMSE-K, MoCA-K and Y-DuCog were a correlation between the DTE and CRR of Y-DuCog. As a result of internal consistency, Cronbach's-α values of DTE and CRR showed .848 (p<.01) and .916 (p<.01), respectively. The test-retest reliability was high. The screening point showed 88.7% sensitivity and 83.5% specificity at 31.76 seconds in total DTE, and 84.5% sensitivity and 76.6% specificity at 0.38 in total dual-task CRR. Conclusion : This study verified the reliability and validity of Y-DuCog. It was found that the level of education was not a barrier to the undertaking of this test. Furthermore, the test could be performed easily and quickly. It is also expected to be used to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive function assessment and intervention methods in the elderly.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.217-227
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• 2020

This study investigated the effects of dual task training on balance, upper extremity motor function and activities of daily living in patients with chronic stroke. The study subjects were 14 chronic stroke patients. dual task training groups(n=7), and single task training groups(n=7). The intervention period was conducted for 3 times a week, 30 minutes per session, and 4 weeks for all groups. To measure the BT4, JTT, K-MBI were used before and after the intervention. Dual task training groups showed a significant increase in BT 4 and JTT scores(p<.05). The difference between the two groups was significant in the BT4 and JJT scores(p<.05). There was a score improvement in K-MBI, but there was no statistically significant difference(p>.05) Dual task training was effective in facilitating balance, upper extremity function and activities of daily living in patients with chronic stroke.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.216-221
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• 2002

본 연구는 문자 규칙 심층성이 다른 문자체계인 한국어와 중국어의 차이가 이중언어화자의 모국어 처리와 외국어 처리에서 각각 어떤 대뇌 활성화의 차이를 가져오는지 fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)를 이용하여 살펴보았다. 중국어 (Ll)-한국어(L2) 이중언어화자 및 한국어(Ll)-중국어(L2) 이중언어화자를 제 2언어 습득시기에 따라 초기 및 후기 이중언어화자로 구분하여 모국어 차이와 습득시기에 따른 영향을 알아보았다. 실험 1에서는 어휘 판단 과제(lexical decision task)를 실시하였고, 실험 2에서는 의미 판단 과제(semantic decision task)를 각각 실시하였다. 어휘판단과제를 사용한 실험 1의 결과는 음운처리와 관련된 좌반구 SMG(supramarginal gyrus), 하두정소엽(inferior parietal lobule, BA 39, 40)에서 중국어-한국어 초기 및 후기이중언어화자의 경우, 한국어 조건에서 보다 많은 활성화를 보였으나, 한국어-중국어 화자의 경우 활성화가 나타나지 않았다. 철자처리에 관련된 방추상회(fusiform gyrus, BA 37, 19) 영역에서는 중국어-한국어 화자뿐만 아니라, 한국어-중국어 인중언어화자의 경우도 중국어 조건에서 보다 많은 활성화를 보였다. 실험 2에서 사용한 의미판단과제의 경우, 중국어-한국어 이중언어화자의 경우 어휘판단과제를 사용한 실험 1의 결과에서 보고된 한국어 특정적인 반응, 즉 SMG영역에서의 활성화의 증가가 실험 2에서는 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 한국어-중국어 이중언어화자의 경우, 실험 1에서 나타난 것과 같이 철자처리 혹은 의미처리와도 관련된다고 보고되는 방추상회(fusiform gyrus)등의 영역 유의미한 차이를 나타났다. 이는 어휘 판단과제와 의미판단과제가 유도하는 뇌 활성화 양상이 다름을 시사한다. 종합해 볼 때, 이중언어화자의 뇌 영상 연구에서 어휘수준에서는 거의 공통적인 활성화를 보인다는 개략적 수준의 연구 결과를 넘어, 음운처리 및 철자처리와 같은 어휘접근 수준에서는 이중언어화자들의 뇌 활성화가 다르게 일어남을 보여주고 있다. 따라서 이중언어 화자의 뇌 기전을 밝히기 위해서도 보다 개략적 수준을 넘어 언어처리의 세부적인 수준에 따른 접근이 필요함을 시사한다.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.492-500
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• 2018

This study examined the effects of a dual-task virtual reality program on the cognitive function and EEG for patients with mild cognitive impairment. A dual-task virtual reality program was performed in the experimental groups while conventional occupational therapy was carried out in the control group for 30 minutes per session, which was done five days per week for 6 weeks. The results were as follows. First, the memory of the cognitive function and balance was improved significantly in the experimental group with the dual-task virtual reality program compared to the control group with the traditional occupational therapy. Second, EEG was also increased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. The results of this study suggest that the dual-task virtual reality program was an effective treatment method for the elderly with mild cognitive impairment and would be a cornerstone of basic data that will be helpful to those suffering from a range of diseases.

• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.102-102
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• 2001

목적： 이중언어자에 있어서 각각의 언어가 대뇌에 어떻게 표상 되어 있는가에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 한국어/중국어 이중언어화자를 대상으로 사용한 언어와 과제에 따라 활성화된 부위에 차이가 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법： 이중언어자(화교) 자원자 8명을 대상으로 하였고, 모두 오른손잡이였다. 한국어와 중국어로 구성된 어휘판단과제(lexical decision task)와 의미판단과제 (semantic decision task)를 이용하여 언어 영역의 활성화를 유도하였다. 어휘판단과제는 화면에 제시되는 두 자극이 모두 단어인지 아닌지 판단하여 신호하도록 하였고(예：원개 · 교화, 토끼, 지욱), 의미판단과제는 화면에 제시되는 두 자극의 의미가 관련 있는지 없는지 판단하여 신호하도록 하였다. (예：가가 ·제제, 아침·저녁). 대조과제는 아랍어(예：equation omitted) 글자의 크기를 판단하여 신호하도록 하였다. 1.5T 초전도 자기공명영상장치에서 EPI BOLD 기법을 이용하여 기능적 영상을 얻었으며 8명에서 얻은 영상을 정상화(normalize)한 후 SPM 프로그램을 이용하여 통계분석을 하였다. p<0.000001을 기준으로 얻어진 활성화 영상에서 각 언어와 과제별로 나타난 활성화 신호의 차이를 육안적으로 분석하였다.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.23-41
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• 2021

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of simultaneous dual-task training to assess executive function in older adults. Methods : We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science, and RISS databases of publicated studies in the past decade. Seven studies were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Qualitative assessment and meta-analysis were performed for the seven studies. Results : A randomized controlled trial design was used in the selected studies, and PEDro Scores above seven were obtained. The Trial Making Test (TMT) evaluated the effects of dual-task training on executive function in four studies. The Color Trail Test (CTT) was used in two studies, and Stroop test was used in three studies. The effect size for total executive function was 0.38, which was small. The effect sizes for TMT and CTT were 0.37. Stroop Test was 0.34, demonstrating that their effect sizes were also small. Only significant effects in total executive function, TMT, and CTT showed significant effects (all p<0.05). Conclusion : This study confirmed that dual-task training was effective in improving executive function in older adults. To improve the effectiveness of dual-task training, the difficulty of the dual-task training should be considered. It is also necessary to implement assessments that can evaluate performance under dual-task conditions as well as conventional test tools for executive function. In the future, dual-task training could be used as an appropriate intervention for executive function in older adults to delay the onset of dementia.