• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.195-201
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was designed to compare the amount of polymerization shrinkage of dual-cure resin cements according to different polymerization modes and to determine the effect of light activation on the degree of polymerization. Materials and methods: Four kinds of dual-cure resin cements were investigated: Smartcem 2, Panavia F 2.0, Clearfil SA Luting and Zirconite. Each material was tested in three different polymerization modes: self-polymerization only, immediate light polymerization and 5 minutes-delayed light polymerization. The time-dependent polymerization shrinkage-strain was evaluated for 30 minutes by Bonded-disk method at $37^{\circ}C$. Five recordings of each material with three different modes were taken. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and multiple comparison Scheffe′test (${\alpha}$=.05). Results: All materials, except Panavia F 2.0, exhibited the highest polymerization shrinkage-strain through delayed light-activated polymerization. No significant difference between light activation modes was found with Panavia F 2.0. All materials exhibited more than 90% of polymerization rate in the immediate or delayed light activated group within 10 minutes. Conclusion: As a clinical implication of this study, the application of delayed light activation mode to dual-cure resin cements is advantageous in terms of degree of polymerization.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.311-322
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bond strengths between IPS e.max Press and four different types of resin cements that often used for esthetic restoration. Disc shaped IPS e.max Press blocks(N=40, diameter: 12mm, thickness: 3mm) were fabricated according to the manufacture's instruction and cleaned with ultrasonic cleaner. They were embedded into an autopolymerizing acrylic resin. Fourty cylinder shaped resin block(Filtek Z350, diameter: 4.5mm, thickness: 3mm) were fabricated using a plastic tube. Each specimens were randomly divided into 4 experimental group and bonded each other using 4 different resin cements(Variolink II(light-cure), Variolink II(dual-cure), Calibra, Super-Bond C&B) according to the manufactures' recommendations. All the specimens were stored in normal saline at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours before test. Universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min was used to evaluate the shear bond strength. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA(P<.01). Multiple comparison was done by the Tukey HSD test. The shear bond strength of Super-Bond C&B to e.max was significantly lower than those of Calibra, Variolink II(light-cure), Variolink II(dual-cure) (P<.01). The shear bond strength of Calibra, Variolink II(light-cure), Variolink II(dual-cure) to e.max were not significantly different. The shear bond strengths of light-cure/dual-cure cement were higher than that of self-cure cement.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2010

Purpose: The shrinkage of dental resin cement may cause several clinical problems such as distortion that may jeopardize the accurate fit to the prepared tooth and internal stress within the restorations. It is important to know the polymerization shrinkage-strain of dental resin cement to reduce clinical complications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the polymerization shrinkage-strain kinetics of six commercially available dental resin cements. Material and methods: Three self-cure resin cements (Fujicem, Superbond, M-bond) and three dual-cure resin cements (Maxcem, Panavia-F, Variolink II) were investigated. Time dependent polymerization shrinkage-strain kinetics of the materials were measured by the Bonded-disk method as a function of time at $23^{\circ}C$, with values particularly noted at 1, 5, 10, 30, 60, 120 min after mixing. Five recordings were taken for each materials. The data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Scheffe post hoc test at the significance level of 0.05. Results: Polymerization shrinkage-strain values were 3.72%, 4.19%, 4.13%, 2.44%, 7.57%, 2.90% for Fujicem, Maxcem, M bond, Panavia F, Superbond, Variolink II, respectively at 120 minutes after the start of mixing. Panavia F exhibited maximum polymerization shrinkage-strain values, but Superbond showed minimum polymerization shrinkage-strain values among the investigated materials (P < .05). There was no significant differences of shrinkage-strain value between Maxcem and M bond at 120 minutes after the start of mixing (P > .05). Most shrinkage of the resin cement materials investigated occurred in the first 30 minutes after the start of mixing. Conclusion: The onset of polymerization shrinkage of self-cure resin cements was slower than that of dual-cure resin cements after mixing, but the net shrinkage strain values of self-cure resin cements was higher than that of dual-cure resin cements at 120 minutes after mixing. Most shrinkage of the dental resin cements occurred in the first 30 minutes after mixing.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.419-427
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• 2008

This study analyzed the influence of dental adhesive/primer on the bond strength between indirect resin composite and the resin cement. Seventy disc specimens of indirect resin composite (Tescera Dentin, Bisco) were fabricated. And bonding area of all specimens were sandblasted and silane treated for one minute. The resin cements were used with or without application of adhesive/primer to bonding area of indirect resin restoration, Variolink-II (Ivoclar-Vivadent) : Exite DSC, Panavia-F (Kuraray) : ED-Primer, RelyX Unicorn (3M ESPE) Single- Bond, Duolink (Risco) : One-step, Mulitlink (Ivoclar-Vivadent) : Multilinh Primer. Shear bond strength was measured by Instron universal testing machine. Adhesive application improved shear bond strength (p<0.05) But Variolink II and Panavia-F showed no statistically significant difference according to the adhesive application. With the above results, when resin inlay is luted by resin cement it seems that application of dental adhesive/primer is necessary in order to improve the bond strength.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.389-396
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the color stability of resin cements with accelerated test. Four dual curing resin cements: Panavia-F (KURARAY). Duolink (BISCO), Variolink-II (Ivoclar Vivadent), and RelyX Unicem (3M ESPE) and 1 self curing resin cement: Resiment CE (j. l. Blosser) were used in this study. In control group, Gradia Anterior (GC) composite resin and Tescera Dentin (Bisco) indirect composite were used. Ten disk shape specimens were made from each resin cement. The specimens were subjected to an accelerated aging process in a refrigerated bath circulator at 60$^{\circ}C$ for 15 and 30 days. Spectrophotometric analyses were made before and after 15 days and 30 days of accelerated aging time. The color characteristics ($L^*,\;a^*,\;b^*$) and the color difference (${\Delta}E^*$) of the specimens before and after immersion were measured and computed. Regardless of type of the resin cements, $L^*$ value was decreased and $a^*$ value was increased, but there were no significant difference. But $b^*$ value was increased significantly (p < 0.05). Tescera inlay showed least color change (p < 0.05), but Gradia showed notable color change after 15 days. After 30 days on accelerated aging, ${\Delta}E^*$ value was increased (Panavia-F < Variolink-II < Resiment CE < Duolink < Unicem) (p < 0.05). but there were no significant difference among Panavia-F, Variolink-II, and Resiment CE groups. After 30 days of accelerated aging, ${\Delta}E^*$ value of all resin cements were greater than 3.0 and could be perceived by the human eye.