• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.299-306
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• 1990

골 신티그라피에서 신장이 희미하게 보이거나 전혀 안보이게 되는(이하 신장 영상 비출현이라 함) 원인 질환을 파악하고, 또 골 신티그라피에서 골전이가 발견된 여러 악성종양에서 신장 영상 비출현의 빈도 및 신장 영상 비출현의 소견을 보이는 여러 악성종양의 골전이 범위를 관찰하기 위하여, 서울대학교 병원에서 최근 6년간 시행한 골 신티그람 중 신장 영상 비출현의 소견을 보이는 889개를 재검토하였다. 신장영상 비출현의 원인 질환으로는 신부전이 대부분을 차지하였으나(816/889 : 91.8%), 신장 질환이 없는 경우에서는 광범위한 골전이가 가장 많았으며 (53/889 : 6.0%), 그 원발부위는 전립선암 (19/53 : 35.8%), 위암(14/53 : 26.4%), 유방암(5/53 : 9.4%), 폐암(4/53 : 7.5%) 신세포암(2/53 : 3.8%), 방광암(1/53 : 1.9%), 원발부위 미상(8/53 : 15.1%)으로 전립선암과 위암이 가장 많았다. 특히 강직성 척추염 4예, 류마토이드 관절염 3예, 성인형의 골화석증 1예에서 신장 영상 비출현의 소견을 보여 이채로왔으며, 이 밖에 원발성 부갑상선 기능항진증 및 그레이브스병이 각 1예씩 있었으며 원인을 알 수 없는 경우가 10예 있었다. 전립선암 140예중 골 신티그라피에서 골전이가 발견된 예는 108예(77.1%), 이중 신장 영상 비출현의 소견을 보이는 예는 19예(19/108, 17 6%)이었으며, 위암에서는 각각 328예, 162예(49.4%), 14예 (8.6%), 유방암에서는 각각 1754예, 730예 (41.6%), 5예(0.7%), 폐암에서는 각각 1105예, 596예(53.9%), 4예(0.7%), 방광암에서는 각각 247예, 110예(44.5%), 1예(0.9%)로 전립선암에서 신장 영상 비출현의 빈도가 가장 높았으며, 특히 위암에서 골전이 및 신장 영상 비출현의 빈도가 높아 주목되었다. 골전이 및 신장 영상 비출현의 소견을 보이는 악성종양 환자의 골 신티그람 53개중 44개 (83.0%)에서 척추 및 늑골에 미만성, 또는 다발성 침습이 관찰되었다. 또 골전이 부위를 두개골, 척추, 견대부, 늑골, 골반, 사지의 근위부 장골의 6개 부위로 나누어 분석할 경우 49개(92.5%)에서 3부위 이상에 전이가 발견되었고, 35개(66.0%)에서 4부위 이상에 전이가 발견되었으며, 5부위 이상, 6개 부위에 모두 전이가 발견된 것은 각각 20개 (37 7%), 11개(20.8%)이었다. 이상의 성적으로 보아 악성종양 환자의 골 신피그라피에서 신장 영상의 비출현은 종양의 광범위한 골전이를 간접적으로 시사하는 소견으로 생각된다. 여러 악성종양중 전립선암에서 신장 영상 비출현의 빈도가 가장 높았으며, 특히 위암에서 골전이 및 신장 영상 비출현의 빈도가 높음은 주목할 만한 것이라 하겠다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1023-1026
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• 2006

There are some cases in trouble with monitoring emergency patient by existing electrode sensor in measuring instrument in home and hospital etc. And there are problem to measure because of coming down electrode in emergency car or vessel of shaking and fat, humidity of patient. In this study, it has designed band-type for patient to put on the breast easily and go around anywhere freely putting band electrode on his body. Gold has used as electrode material in this electrocardiogram because of its excellent electronic resistance peculiarity and no trouble with skin. And it is able to monitor multi-body-signal by additional design of periphery temperature. There are good results of body signal transmission in the breast or the rib, and get a little body signal in abdomen. We get a result it is better case of gold than usual electrode on signal detection, and know usual electrode was disposable, but we have more correct result from gold electrode sensor, being semi-permanent ana. great contact ability even if movement.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.46-53
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• 2019

Recently, the need for emergency medical facilities is increasing due to a large-scale disaster. The Ministry of the Interior and Safety has completed the development of Disaster Resource Sharing System (DRSS). In this system, only air tent and negative pressure tent, which are classified and managed as equipment are resources related to emergency medical facility at disaster site. However, the characteristics of resources for the facility such as the time of input, a period of stay, transportation, and installation methods were not reflected. So, The purpose of this study is to propose improvements of management of resources for emergency medical facility at disaster site, that classified to materials and equipment in DRSS. This study analyzed the state of resources for facilities and the attributes of resources based on literature and disaster medical consultation of mobile hospitals. The resources for emergency medical facility are required to be linked to medical support resources and reflected in the DRSS, since emergency medical facility resources at the disaster site should be managed through a combination of medical resources classified as equipment. And future research on installation of emergency medical facilities plan considering the cost of the disaster management resources should be carried out.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.217-223
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• 2022

In this study, images taken using a grid and images taken using Air Gap Technique were evaluated in X-ray chest radiography. Subjective Evaluation The ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) evaluation was evaluated by 5 radiologists who had worked for more than 10 years in the radiology department of a university hospital. Objective evaluation SNR (Signal to noise ratio) was evaluated. As a result of the analysis, the Cronbach Alpha value was 0.714, which was significantly higher. In the Air Gap Technique, the distance between the phantom and the subject was set at 20 cm, and the image was taken with a tube voltage of 100 kVp, a tube current and a recording time of 8 mAs. In the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) evaluation, the highest score was obtained with 18 score and an objective evaluation SNR (signal to noise ratio) of 6,149 scored. Also, in the imaging method using a grid, when the distance between the phantom and the constant receptor is 15 cm apart, and the tube voltage is 110 kVp, the tube current and the recording time are taken at 8 mAs, the ROC evaluation score is 19 and the objective evaluation SNR (Signal to noise ratio) is the highest with 6.622 scored. Therefore, if the Air Gap Technique imaging method is used, which overcomes the shortcomings such as delay in reading, increase in patient's exposure dose, and shortening of mechanical lifespan, as well as re-radiography due to the cut-off phenomenon of the grid that appears using the grid, the It is thought that it will be very helpful for chest imaging, including the case of using a portable X-ray imaging device.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2017

Objectives: Suicide is one of the leading causes of death among young adults. We investigated whether anxiety level and sleep quality were related to suicide ideation among university students. Methods: Questionnaires were distributed to 1094 students at a local college. The scale for suicide Ideation, the Hospital Anxiety-Depression scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Morningness-eveningness questionnaires were used. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between these variables and suicide ideation. Results: Among the 292 students who answered the suicide ideation questionnaire, 31 students had a high suicide ideation score and 261 patients had a low suicide ideation score. Demographic variables that showed significant differences between the two groups were gender, exercise, chronotype, sleep quality, depression and anxiety. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that suicidal ideation increased as the level of sleep quality decreased. There was no significant relationship between depression and suicidal ideation. Another multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between sleep quality sleep related factors. This suggested the quality of sleep decreased as weekend oversleep increased. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that when anxiety was higher and the quality of sleep was lower, the more suicide ideation increased. Therefore, improving sleep quality and reducing anxiety are important strategies for reducing suicidal ideation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2012

Objectives: This study was performed to review clinical manifestations of hyperphenylalaninemia patients in Korean. Methods: 178 cases of hyperphenyalaninemia were diagnosed at department of pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Hospital from January, 1983 to August. We reviewed DNA analysis, MR imaging, EEG, radiography of the left hand and wrist, bone densitometry (BMD), IQ test of hyperphenyalaninemia patients. Results: Out of 178 cases, 161 cases were diagnosed classic phenylketonuria and 17 cases were diagnosed BH4 deficiency. 122 cases performed DNA analysis. R243Q (10.3%), Y204C (9.9%), and IVS4-1G>A (8.1%) mutations were predominant. 22 cases underwent MR imaging. Varying degrees of symmetrical high signal intensity were noted on T2-weighted sequences in the periventricular deep white matter of 15 cases. 23 cases were performed EEG. 12 cases (52.3%) showed abnormal pattern. EEG abnormalities showed in 11 cases. On lumbar BMD four of 11 cases (36%) showed reduced bone density of more than 1 S.D. in four of 11 cases, bone age was less than chronological age by at least one year. 18 cases were performed IQ test. Mean IQ scores was $84{\pm}21.6$. Among older than 15 years (9 cases), Mean IQ scores was $72{\pm}21.2$. PTPS deficiency was 14 cases, DHPR deficiency was 2 cases, and GTPCH deficiency was 1 case. Conclusion: We confirmed there were varieties of DNA mutations. And MR imaging and EEG were nonspecific in PKU patients. Older children showed lower IQ score. Low phenylalanine diet prevents brain damage in PKU patient. Not only first few years of life but also lifetime, Keeping low phenylalanine diet is important.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2013

Nowadays, the medical system towards patients changes into the medical services. As the human rights are improved and the capitalism is enlarged, the rights and needs of patients are gradually increasing. Also, based on this change, several systems in hospitals are revised according to the convenience and needs of patients. Thus, the cases of mobile portable among examinations are getting augmented. Because the number of mobile portable examinations in patient's room, intensive care unit, operating room and recovery room increases, neighboring patients are unnecessarily exposed to radiation so that the examination is legally regulated. Hospitals have to specify that "In case that the examination is taken out of the operating room, emergency room or intensive care units, the portable medical X-ray protective blocks should be set" in accordance with the standards of radiation protective facility in diagnostic radiological system. Some keep this regulation well, but mostly they do not keep. In this study, we shielded around the Collimator where the radiation is detected and then checked the change of dose regarding that of angles in portable tube and collimator before and after shielding. Moreover, we tried to figure out the effects of shielding on dose according to the distance change between patients' beds. As a result, the neighboring areas around the collimator are affected by the shielding. After shielding, the radiation is blocked 20% more than doing nothing. When doing the portable examination, the exposure doses are increased $0^{\circ}C$, $90^{\circ}C$ and $45^{\circ}C$ in order. At the time when the angle is set, the change of doses around the collimator decline after shielding. In addition, the exposure doses related to the distance of beds are less at 1m than 0.5m. In consideration of the shielding effects, putting the beds as far as possible is the best way to block the radiation, which is close to 100%. Next thing is shielding the collimator and its effect is about 20%, and it is more or less 10% by controlling the angles. When taking the portable examination, it is better to keep the patients and guardians far enough away to reduce the exposure doses. However, in case that the bed is fixed and the patient cannot move, it is suggested to shield around the collimator. Furthermore, $90^{\circ}C$ of collimator and tube is recommended. If it is not possible, the examination should be taken at $0^{\circ}C$ and $45^{\circ}C$ is better to be disallowed. The radiation-related workers should be aware of above results, and apply them to themselves in practice. Also, it is recommended to carry out researches and try hard to figure out the ways of reducing the exposure doses and shielding the radiation effectively.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.440-446
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• 2003

Purpose : The genetic disturbance of galactosemia is expressed as a cellular deficiency of either galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase(GALT) or galactokinase(GALK) or UDP galactose 4-epimerase(GALE). To find-out the pattern of galactosemia in Korea, we retrospectively analyzed cases of galactosemia detected by neonatal screening program. Methods : We analyzed medical records of patients who visited Soonchunhyang University Hospital at age of 1 month after showing abnormalities in neonatal screening of galactosemia. For accurate diagnosis, galactose was measured by enzyme immunoassay(EIA) and fluorophotometer, also galactose-1-phosphate by fluorophotometer. Enzyme activities of GALK, GALT and GALE in RBC and galactose-1-phosphate were measured by radioisotope assay(RIA). Beutler test were done. Patients went on a lactose-free diet and follow-up tests for galactose, galactose-1-phosphate level and enzyme activity were performed. Results : 10 patients(male : 6, female : 4) were diagnosed as galactosemia. Two patients had GALK deficiency and two had GALT deficiency. Six were GALE deficient showing the largest number. In two patients with GALK deficiency, GALT and GALE activities were normal but GALK activities showed respectively reduced activity. For GALT deficiency, two patients had low GALT activity in RBC and showed genotype of Duarte 2/G(galactosemia) in DNA analysis. In one patient, GALT activity was normal. Three patients seemed to be heterozygote state of GALE deficiency according to GALE activity levels. Four patients showed GALK hyperactivity. Conclusion : GALE deficiency provided the highest number. After lactose-free diet, galactose and galactose-1-phosphate were normaly maintained. Neonatal screening on galactosemia is essential for preventing life-threatening symptoms and an accurate diagnosis is needed for finding out the type of galactosemia which is important for prognosis.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2005

Purpose : Relapses are a major problem in children with steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome(SRNS). This study has been performed to determine the predictive factors for relapse in children with SRNS. Methods : The study group consisted of 7,3 children with SRNS who had been admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Hospital, over 6 years from 1996 to 2001. The medical records were reviewed retrospectively and analyzed to determine significant relationships between selected variables[age at onset, sex, laboratory data, the rapidity of response(days to remission), interval to first relapse] and the frequency of relapse. Results : The age($mean{\pm}SD$) of patients was $4.53{\pm}2.53$ years old. The male to female ratio was 52:21. In 95$\%$, 39 out of the 41 children had a renal biopsy, and the final diagnosis was minimal change nephrotic syndrome. There was no significant correlation between the frequency of relapse and the following variables age at onset, sex, and presence of hematuria. However, the rapidity of response correlated well with the frequency of relapse, especially during the first year after the onset of the disease(P=0.005). Conclusion : The rapidity of response is expected to be one of the predictive (actors for relapse in children with SRNS. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2005;9:167-174)

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.225-232
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• 1994

Purpose : This study was to obtain the basic dosimetric data using the 10 MV X-ray for the total body irradiation. Materials and Methods : A linear accelerator photon beam is planned to be used as a radiation source for total body irradiation (TBI) in Chonnam University Hospital. The planned distance from the target to the midplane of a patient is 360cm and the maximum geometric field size is 144cm x 144cm. Polystyrene phantom sized $30{\times}30{\times}30.2cm^3$ and consisted of several sheets with various thickness, and a parallel plate ionization chamber were used to measure surface dose and percent depth dose (PDD) at 345cm SSD, and dose profiles. To evaluate whether a beam modifier is necessary for TBI, dosimetry in build up region was made first with no modifier and next with an 1cm thick acryl plate 20cm far from the polystyrene phantom surface. For a fixed sourec-chamber distance, output factors were measured for various depth. Results : As any beam modifier was not on the way of radiation of 10MV X-ray, the $d_{max}$ and surface dose was 1.8cm and $61\%$, respectively, for 345cm SSD. When an 1cm thick acryl plate was put 20cm far from polystyrene phantom for the SSD, the $d_{max}$ and surface dose were 0.8cm and $94\%$, respectively. With acryl as a beam spoiler, the PDD at 10cm depth was $78.4\%$ and exit dose was a little higher than expected dose at interface of exit surface. For two-opposing fields for a 30cm phantom thick phantom, the surface dose and maximum dose relative to mid-depth dose in our experiments were $102.5\%$ and $106.3\%$, respectively. The off-axis distance of that point of $95\%$ of beam axis dose were 70cm on principal axis and 80cm on diagonal axis. Conclusion: 1. To increase surface dose for TBI by 10MV X-ray at 360cm SAD, 1cm thick acrylic spoiler was sufficient when distance from phantom surface to spoiler was 20cm. 2. At 345cm SSD, 10MV X-ray beam of full field produced a satisfiable dose uniformity for TBI within $7\%$ in the phantom of 30cm thickness by two-opposing irradiation technique. 3. The uniform dose distribution region was 67cm on principal axis of the beam and 80cm on diagonal axis from beam axis. 4. The output factors at mid-point of various thickness revealed linear relation with depth, and it could be applicable to practical TBI.