• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.216-221
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• 2002

본 연구는 문자 규칙 심층성이 다른 문자체계인 한국어와 중국어의 차이가 이중언어화자의 모국어 처리와 외국어 처리에서 각각 어떤 대뇌 활성화의 차이를 가져오는지 fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)를 이용하여 살펴보았다. 중국어 (Ll)-한국어(L2) 이중언어화자 및 한국어(Ll)-중국어(L2) 이중언어화자를 제 2언어 습득시기에 따라 초기 및 후기 이중언어화자로 구분하여 모국어 차이와 습득시기에 따른 영향을 알아보았다. 실험 1에서는 어휘 판단 과제(lexical decision task)를 실시하였고, 실험 2에서는 의미 판단 과제(semantic decision task)를 각각 실시하였다. 어휘판단과제를 사용한 실험 1의 결과는 음운처리와 관련된 좌반구 SMG(supramarginal gyrus), 하두정소엽(inferior parietal lobule, BA 39, 40)에서 중국어-한국어 초기 및 후기이중언어화자의 경우, 한국어 조건에서 보다 많은 활성화를 보였으나, 한국어-중국어 화자의 경우 활성화가 나타나지 않았다. 철자처리에 관련된 방추상회(fusiform gyrus, BA 37, 19) 영역에서는 중국어-한국어 화자뿐만 아니라, 한국어-중국어 인중언어화자의 경우도 중국어 조건에서 보다 많은 활성화를 보였다. 실험 2에서 사용한 의미판단과제의 경우, 중국어-한국어 이중언어화자의 경우 어휘판단과제를 사용한 실험 1의 결과에서 보고된 한국어 특정적인 반응, 즉 SMG영역에서의 활성화의 증가가 실험 2에서는 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 한국어-중국어 이중언어화자의 경우, 실험 1에서 나타난 것과 같이 철자처리 혹은 의미처리와도 관련된다고 보고되는 방추상회(fusiform gyrus)등의 영역 유의미한 차이를 나타났다. 이는 어휘 판단과제와 의미판단과제가 유도하는 뇌 활성화 양상이 다름을 시사한다. 종합해 볼 때, 이중언어화자의 뇌 영상 연구에서 어휘수준에서는 거의 공통적인 활성화를 보인다는 개략적 수준의 연구 결과를 넘어, 음운처리 및 철자처리와 같은 어휘접근 수준에서는 이중언어화자들의 뇌 활성화가 다르게 일어남을 보여주고 있다. 따라서 이중언어 화자의 뇌 기전을 밝히기 위해서도 보다 개략적 수준을 넘어 언어처리의 세부적인 수준에 따른 접근이 필요함을 시사한다.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.75-89
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• 2021

In this paper, the results of analyzing the meaning of laughter in comedy movies of the late 1960s, focusing on comedians, Hee-Gap Kim, Bong-Seo Koo and Young-Chun Seo, are as follows. First, the narrative laughter of the comedians represents the generational conflict between the lower class and the upper class, the gender conflict between men and women, and the frustration of reality. Second the mechanism of creating laughter of the comedians shows ridicule of the conservative older generation, revelation of the immoral upper class, and caricature of the frustrated lower class. Third, the practical aspect of the comedians' laughter reveals cracks in tradition and modern, gaps in economic inequality, and expression of prohibited desires. Therefore, comedians Hee-Gap Kim, Bong-Seo Koo and Young-Chun Seo in comedy movies of the late 1960s show the semantic effect of laughter of internal/external boundaries and optimistic world views through the closed opening of informal culture and the conflict of characters/performers.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.311-317
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to qualitatively examine the play experience and meaning of young children who enjoy the appreciation of picture books based on the 2019 revised Nuri curriculum centered on children and play, and furthermore, various play imaginations and ideas in picture books are realized by T robot. The collected various play cases were analyzed by arranging them into play flow diagrams centering on each picture book, and based on this, the meaning of play was discovered by categorizing play through reading the meaning of play. Therefore, this study is meaningful in that it supports <Picture Book-linked Young Children's Robot Play>, a play experience in which various playful imaginations in picture books are realized by young children's robots, and examines the experience of creatively creating play led by young children in depth, and furthermore, it is valuable in providing a basis for the direction of play-centered SW education centered on young children.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.70
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• pp.467-493
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• 2018

This Study looks into increase of Match-ending type of 'Ureonggaksi' folktale and its secularization focusing on Match-ending types of 71 materials from "The Comprehensive Collection of Korean Folklore"(1979-1985) and 'The Revision And Enlargement project' (2008-2018). This study classifies 'Ureonggaksi' folktale into ones of 1910-70s, 80s, and 2000s. Match-ending types increase in "The Comprehensive Collection of Korean Folklore" and 'The Revision And Enlargement project'. Match-ending types constitute 60% of Ureonggaksi' folktale materials from "The Comprehensive Collection of Korean Folklore" and 'The Revision And Enlargement project', which is twice more than 34% of Parting-ending types. Firstly, taboo motif in Match-ending types is inclined to disappear. Even if taboo motif appears, materials with keeping its taboo are more than breaking one. It means that the function of taboo weakens, since the meaning of sacred wedding is emphasized when it is broken. Desacralization of Ureonggaksi figure is inclined to make the match of hero and heroin recognized as a common one. Increase of match type without taboo motif, and a new Ureonggaksi type in 'The Revision And Enlargement project', Underground monster-defeating type, with a character of Romantic matching narrative, mean Discoloration of Ureonggaksi folktale. Interest and recognition on sacred existence disappears, and there is found the conciousness to pursue happiness in real world through connection between man and woman by realistic world-view. This study contains 37 Ureonggaksi folktales recorded in 'The Revision And Enlargement project' (2008-2018) as material. Furthermore, there are found new Ureonggaksi types in 'The Revision And Enlargement project': Underground monster-defeating type, which is transformed from groom with bird-feather clothes type(a kind of matching-ending type of Ureonggaksi folktale), and the subjugated's resistance awareness weakens and shows a character of Romantic matching narrative.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.96-109
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• 2022

This study aims to identify the role and the use of landscape architects as a core strategy in urban regeneration projects by project type. This study attempted to find ways to promote landscape architects' participation patterns and characteristics in promoting urban regeneration and revitalization plans. Among the New Deal projects, from 2017 to 2019, when the urban regeneration projects were promoted, a total of 822 projects with terms such as park, garden, landscaping, rest space, forest, greening, planting, and flowers were included, In this study, an integrated approach was applied, considering the status of landscape architects participation, a literature survey by project entity, analysis of prior research, revitalization plan reports, and interviews by project entity, and aspects and characteristics of landscape architects participation according to project type. The results were classified. In the urban regeneration projects, the landscape characteristics were analyzed in terms of hardware or software participation methods according to the project type, and the participation patterns and promotion measures of landscape architecture and ways to promote them identified in the course of the project are as follows. First, the role and participation pattern of landscape architects in urban regeneration projects differed depending on the type of project. As the prerequisites for each type of project, the subject of the project, the direction, the differentiation of the regeneration strategy for each project, and the level of participation of residents interacted in a complex way. The participation of landscape architects has changed and expanded its meaning and role. Second, the change and value of the expanded the participation method of landscape architects in the urban regeneration project and appeared as a multi-purpose and complex role in the process of a project, indicating that the value of landscape in the classical sense is changing and its substantive aspect depends on the type of project. Third, this study confirmed the importance of recognizing the role and value of 'landscape architecture' as a strategic and practical means of regeneration that can be utilized. Therefore, in order to promote the participation of landscape architects, diversification is required through changes in participation methods according to urban regeneration strategies for each project, rather than participation focused on hardware projects, such as park creation in terms of form and place. In addition, it was confirmed that the participation of landscape architects, which play an important role in fostering a sense of community among residents as an experience and activity program, should be further activated in terms of the process of the ideal way of existence. This study is meaningful in that it substantially grasps that the role of landscape architects is expanding as the subject of urban regeneration projects, and presents the direction for its promotion. Participation and research should be continued.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.3
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• pp.277-301
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• 2001

우리가 간단히 사용하는 언어는 실제적으로 아주 복잡한 진행과정을 가지고 있다. 사전상의 각 어휘는 대화상황에서 상호 작용하는 초기단계의 역할을 하며, 표현은 과거나 현재에 행해지는 대화상황 및 대화참여자의 발화 과정에서 생기는 일종의 일체감을 표시한다. 의사 소통을 한다는 것은 단어나 문장에 대한 다양한 의미와 각각의 개념에서 지시되는 표현을 수단으로 발생하는 대화상의 연관성을 의미한다. 이러한 모든 것은 의사소통에 있어 의미의 다양성과 관련을 맺고있다. 우리는 표현을 통하여 매우 복잡하고 다양한 양상들을 볼 수 있다. 대화내용에 따라 똑같은 표현들이 서로 다르게 이해될 수 있기 때문이다. 언어는 단지 사람이 행하는 언어처리의 일부만을 보여줄 뿐이다 언어를 처리하는데 있어서 문제가 되는 것은 매우 복잡하고 구성적인 진행과정이다. 청자는 의사소통이 진행되는 과정에서 활자와 함께 주어진 정보를 처리함으로써 상황을 내적 형상화하게 된다. 따라서 청자는 표현의 의미를 이해하려고 노력하며, 다양한 방법을 동원한 지식을 사용한다. 의사소통에 있어서 통사적$\cdot$의미적인 지식, 문맥에 맞는 대화지식 혹은 일반 지식을 대화상황에 맞게 적용하는 것이 그 예라 할 수 있다. 지시적 언어의 표현은 사전적으로 고정된 단어의 의미를 규정하거나 또는 이와 같은 단어의 의미에 정확하고 적절한 지시사를 규정하는 근거가 된다. 인칭$\cdot$장소$\cdot$시간을 지시하는 언어 Personal-, Lokal-, Temporaldeixis는 언어 시스템을 형성하게 되는데, 활자와 청자는 이러한 표현을 인칭$\cdot$장소$\cdot$시간으로 형상화하면서 의사소통을 한다. 따라서 자연어의 처리과정에 나타나는 다양한 표현들에 대한 심리학 및 언어학의 강력한 연구가 요구된다.에 기대어 텍스트, 문장, 어휘영역 등이 투입되어 적용되었으며, 이에 상응되게 구체적인 몇몇 방안들이 제시되었다. 학습자들이 텍스트를 읽고 중심내용을 찾아내며, 단락을 구획하고 또한 체계를 파악하는데 있어서 어휘연습은 외국어 교수법 측면에서도 매우 관여적이며 시의적절한 과제라 생각된다. Sd 2) PL - Sn - pS: (1) PL[VPL - Sa] - Sn - pS (2) PL[VPL - pS] - Sn - pS (3) PL(VPL - Sa - pS) - Sn - pS 3) PL[VPL - pS) - Sn -Sa $\cdot$ 3가 동사 관용구: (1) PL[VPL - pS] - Sn - Sd - Sa (2) PL[VPL - pS] - Sn - Sa - pS (3) PL[VPL - Sa] - Sn - Sd - pS 이러한 분류가 보여주듯이, 독일어에는 1가, 2가, 3가의 관용구가 있으며, 구조 외적으로 동일한 통사적 결합가를 갖는다 하더라도 구조 내적 성분구조가 다르다는 것을 알 수 있다. 우리는 이 글이 외국어로서의 독일어를 배우는 이들에게 독일어의 관용구를 보다 올바르게 이해할 수 있는 방법론적인 토대를 제공함은 물론, (관용어) 사전에서 외국인 학습자를 고려하여 관용구를 알기 쉽게 기술하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있기를 바란다.되기 시작하면서 남황해 분지는 구조역전의 현상이 일어났으며, 동시에 발해 분지는 인리형 분지로 발달하게 되었다. 따라서, 올리고세 동안 발해 분지에서는 퇴적작용이, 남황해 분지에서는 심한 구조역전에 의한 분지변형이 동시에 일어났다 올리고세 이후 현재까지, 남황해 분지와 발해 분지들은 간헐적인 해침과 함께 광역적 침강을 유지하면서 안정된 대륙 및 대륙붕 지역으로 전이되었다.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.3 s.61
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• pp.45-54
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• 2005

Visual messages are fundamental elements for performing communication and indicate the signs which are delivered from the communicator to the communicatee via channels, Generally, we can classify visual messages into two groups; linguistic factors which are rational and deliver abstract concepts and unlinguistic factors which are mental and can be expressed concretely. Especially, web site with receivers' low attention and concentration need images which can attract their attention to visual messages. That is, web site is a medium which allows us to feel visual and emotional experiences. We can call it a standard of sign systems which are consisted of various styles of digital texts. The main purpose of this study lies in that we'll analyze how homepage introductory page as one of the forms of digital text conduces a meaning action to the receivers and that we'll apprehend the structures of images and different types of signs via a semiotic approach and analyze the underlying meaning of the messages. In order to survey the structures of images we'll look into the attitude toward perceiving messages by using semantic differential method which has been developed mostly by Osgood and analyze the visual images by adopting sign types of Fuss. As the signification is created by combining signs, it is significant that we'll analyze the meaning of sings between the transmitters and receivers from the semiotic viewpoint and study the signification systems.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

The Korean polysemic ending '-(eu)lgeol' can has two different meanings, 'guess' and 'regret'. These are expressed by different boundary-tone types: a rising tone for guess, a falling one for regret. Therefore the sentence-final boundary-tone type is the most salient prosodic feature. However, besides tone type, the pitch difference between the final and penultimate syllables of '-(eu)lgeol' can also affect semantic discrimination. To investigate this aspect, we conducted a perception test using two sentences that were morphologically and syntactically identical. These two sentences were spoken using different boundary-tone types by a Korean native speaker. From these two sentences, the experimental stimuli were generated by artificially raising or lowering the pitch of the boundary syllable by 1Qt while fixing the pitch of the penultimate syllable and boundary-tone type. Thirty Korean native speakers participated in three levels of perceptual test, in which they were asked to mark whether the experimental sentences they listened to were perceived as guess or regret. The results revealed that regardless of boundary-tone types, the larger the pitch difference between the final and penultimate syllable in the positive direction, the more likely it is perceived as guess, and the smaller the pitch difference in the negative direction, the more likely it is perceived as regret.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 1999

Objects：It is difficult to differentiate between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) and mania because of similar symptoms and atypical symptoms of mania in children and adolescents. The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics and to clarify the relationship by comparing the clinical features and comorbidities of ADHD and manic patients. Methods：The subjects consisted of 35 patients with ADHD and 19 manic patients. To Compare the characteristic symptoms between the two disorders, we selected 29 patients with ADHD and 14 patients with manic disorders. 6 ADHD patients who had manic disorders as comorbid disorder, and 5 manic patients who had ADHD as comorbid disorders were manic disorders were excluded. Results：1) There were significant differences in ages of onset and state anxiety scale scores, birth weights, numbers of perinatal problem, gestational ages, school behavioral problems between ADHD patients and manic patients(p<0.01). 2) There were significant differences in loses things(p<0.05) of ADHD-symptoms and grandiosity(p<0.01), decrease in sleep(p<0.05), delusions(p<0.01), hallucinations(p<0.05) of mania-symptoms between ADHD patients and manic patients. 3) The comorbid disorders of ADHD patients are significantly high(p<.05) than that of manic patients in major depression. 4) The familial loading of manic patients are significantly high(p<.05) than that of ADHD patients in mood disorder. Conclusions：The above results suggest that ADHD and mania are different disorders, considering the significant differences of clinical features and characteristics, familial loadings of the two disorders.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.308-314
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• 2000

Background : DNA fingerprinting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with RFLP is a very useful tool for deciphering the molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis. An international comparison of the RFLP pattern became possible with the proposal to standardize RFLP methodology using Pvu-II restricted IS-6110, and the comparison has noted some predominance of RFLP pattern in East Asia. The RFLP patterns of tuberculosis strains collected at SNUH was studied and was compared with other strains from East Asia. Method : Fifty strains of M. tuberculosis were isolated from patients who visited 'or were admitted to the SNUH in 1998. Some isolates belonging to the Beijing family were also received. After the extraction of DNA from M. tuberculosis isolates, the chromosomal DNAs were digested with Pvu-II and analyzed by the Southern blot method with DNA probe to IS6110. Result : Six strains belonged to the Beijing family. The RFLP patterns of other 9 strains were similar to each other. No statistically significant endobronchial tuberculosis, presence of underlying disease. and the province of residence were found. Conclusion : Few groups of M. tuberculosis strains from SNUH showed similar RFLP patterns, but their clinical implications are not yet clear.